France: Macron wins second term: BBC News Review

57,472 views ใƒป 2022-04-26

BBC Learning English


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุชุชู… ุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ุง ุขู„ูŠู‹ุง.

00:00
In France, Macron has been re-elected as French president.
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ููŠ ูุฑู†ุณุง ุŒ ุฃุนูŠุฏ ุงู†ุชุฎุงุจ ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆู† ุฑุฆูŠุณุง ู„ูุฑู†ุณุง.
00:05
Hello, this is News Review from BBC Learning English.
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ู…ุฑุญุจู‹ุง ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง News Review ู…ู† BBC Learning English.
00:09
I'm Rob and joining me today is Roy. Hello Roy.
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ุฃู†ุง ุฑูˆุจ ูˆุงู†ุถู… ุฅู„ูŠู‘ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฑูˆูŠ. ู…ุฑุญุจุง ุฑูˆูŠ.
00:12
Hello Rob and hello everybody.
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ู…ุฑุญุจุง ุฑูˆุจ ูˆู…ุฑุญุจุง ุจุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน.
00:15
If you would like to test yourself on the vocabulary around this story,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑุบุจ ููŠ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู†ูุณูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุŒ
00:19
all you need to do is head to our website
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ููƒู„ ู…ุง ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูˆุฌู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู†ุง ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ
00:21
bbclearningenglish.com to take a quiz.
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bbclearningenglish.com ู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ.
00:25
And now, let's hear more about this story from this BBC News report:
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ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุณู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ู…ู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ู†ูŠูˆุฒ:
00:48
So, Emmanuel Macron has been voted president of France for a second time.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠู…ุงู†ูˆูŠู„ ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆู† ุฑุฆูŠุณู‹ุง ู„ูุฑู†ุณุง ู„ู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ.
00:55
He won 58% percent of the vote against Marine Le Pen, a far-right candidate.
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ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ 58ูช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุตูˆุงุช ุถุฏ ู…ุงุฑูŠู† ู„ูˆุจุงู† ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุดุญุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุทุฑูุฉ.
01:02
He promised to unite France
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ูˆุนุฏ ุจุชูˆุญูŠุฏ ูุฑู†ุณุง
01:04
and said that he understood many people had voted for him
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ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠูู‡ู… ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‚ุฏ ุตูˆุชูˆุง ู„ุตุงู„ุญู‡
01:07
to stop Marine Le Pen getting into power.
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ู„ู…ู†ุน ู…ุงุฑูŠู† ู„ูˆุจุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุฉ.
01:11
Yes, and you've picked three words and expressions
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ู†ุนู… ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุงุฎุชุฑุช ุซู„ุงุซ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูˆุชุนุงุจูŠุฑ
01:14
from the news headlines about this story. What are they please?
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ู…ู† ุนู†ุงูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ. ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู†ุŸ
01:17
We have 'sighs of relief', 'big blow' and 'hinges on'.
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง "ุชู†ู‡ุฏุงุช ุงุฑุชูŠุงุญ" ูˆ " ุถุฑุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ" ูˆ "ูŠุชูˆู‚ู ุนู„ู‰".
01:23
That's 'sighs of relief', 'big blow' and 'hinges on'.
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ู‡ุฐุง "ุชู†ู‡ุฏุงุช ุงุฑุชูŠุงุญ" ูˆ " ุถุฑุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ" ูˆ "ูŠุชูˆู‚ู ุนู„ู‰".
01:28
OK. Let's have a look at your first headline please.
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ู†ุนู…. ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู†ูˆุงู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒ.
01:31
OK. So, our first headline comes from Sky News and it reads:
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ู†ุนู…. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุนู†ูˆุงู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† Sky News ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู„:
01:43
'Sighs of relief' โ€” relax after a serious problem.
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"ุชู†ู‡ุฏุงุช ุงุฑุชูŠุงุญ" - ุงุณุชุฑุฎ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ.
01:49
So, this is a three-word expression.
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ุฅุฐู† ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช.
01:52
The first word is 'sighs' โ€” S-I-G-H-S.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ "ุชู†ู‡ุฏุงุช" - S-I-G-H-S.
01:55
Second word: 'of' โ€” O-F.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ: "ู…ู†" - O-F.
01:58
Third word: 'relief' โ€” R-E-L-I-E-F.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ: "ุงุฑุชูŠุงุญ" - R-E-L-I-E-F.
02:01
And it basically means to relax after a serious problem or event.
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ูˆูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุฎุงุก ุจุนุฏ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุญุฏุซ ุฎุทูŠุฑ.
02:08
Now, I'm familiar with that word 'sighs'.
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุงูŠุฉ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุชู†ู‡ุฏุงุช".
02:11
I think we all do it when we sit down and we relax:
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุง ู†ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุฌู„ุณ ูˆู†ุณุชุฑุฎูŠ:
02:14
we 'sigh'. We make this noise, a 'sigh', don't we?
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุชู†ู‡ุฏ. ู†ุญู† ู†ุตุฏุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุถูˆุถุงุก ุŒ "ุชู†ู‡ูŠุฏุฉ" ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
02:18
Yeah, it's like: 'Ahhh.' So... very good.
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ู†ุนู… ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ุซู„: "ุขู‡". ุฌูŠุฏ ุฌุฏุง.
02:22
So, basically what it is โ€” it's an exhalation of air
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ุฅุฐู† ุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ - ุฅู†ู‡ ุฒููŠุฑ ู„ู„ู‡ูˆุงุก
02:25
and it demonstrates a sense of 'relief'.
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ูˆูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุฅุญุณุงุณู‹ุง "ุจุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ".
02:28
Now, we also 'sigh' in other ways as well.
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ู†ุญู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง "ู†ุชู†ู‡ุฏ" ุจุทุฑู‚ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
02:31
It's not just about relaxing.
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ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ูู‚ุท ุจุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุฎุงุก.
02:33
We can also 'sigh' sometimes when we're bored โ€” or frustration.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู† "ู†ุชู†ู‡ุฏ" ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ู„ู„ - ุฃูˆ ู†ุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุฅุญุจุงุท.
02:36
It's quite an... it's quite an emotional...
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ุฅู†ู‡ ... ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู…ุฑ ุนุงุทููŠ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ...
02:39
it's quite an emotive noise that we make.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุถูˆุถุงุก ุนุงุทููŠุฉ ู†ุตุฏุฑู‡ุง .
02:42
Now, the word 'relief' basically means to end a period of pain.
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุชุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุฑุงุญุฉ" ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุฅู†ู‡ุงุก ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู„ู….
02:47
So, for example, if you've got a headache, you may take a...
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุฏุงุน ุŒ ููŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ...
02:51
some kind of medication to give you pain 'relief'.
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ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุชุณูƒูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู„ู….
02:54
But in this headline we mustn't take this literally.
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ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู„ุง ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ู‡ุฐุง ุญุฑููŠุงู‹.
02:57
We're not hearing lots of people going, 'Ahhh,' are we?
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ู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ุณู…ุน ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุŒ "ุขู‡ ุŒ" ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
03:01
No. No, we're not. It's basically used as an expression
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ู„ุง ุŒ ู„ุง ุŒ ู„ุณู†ุง ูƒุฐู„ูƒ. ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฃุณุงุณู‹ุง ูƒุชุนุจูŠุฑ
03:04
to say that after a serious problem or a situation,
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ู„ู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ูˆู‚ู ุฎุทูŠุฑ ุŒ
03:09
a negative situation, we can now relax.
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ู…ูˆู‚ู ุณู„ุจูŠ ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุฎุงุก.
03:11
And what other situations might we give a 'sigh of relief'?
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ูˆู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ู ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ุชู†ู‡ุฏ ุจู‡ุงุŸ
03:16
Well, I can give you a really good personal example.
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุนุทูŠูƒ ู…ุซุงู„ู‹ุง ุดุฎุตูŠู‹ุง ุฌูŠุฏู‹ุง ุญู‚ู‹ุง.
03:19
Now, many of our viewers know that my wife and I โ€”
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ูŠุนุฑู ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ุฒูˆุฌุชูŠ ูˆุฃู†ุง -
03:23
we were separated by the pandemic, during the pandemic.
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ุงู†ูุตู„ู†ุง ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ูˆุจุงุก ุŒ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ูˆุจุงุก.
03:26
My wife is from Brazil and my son is also from there.
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ุฒูˆุฌุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฒูŠู„ ูˆุงุจู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
03:29
And for about...
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ูˆุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ... ู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุนุงู…ูŠู† ุŒ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุŒ ูƒู†ุง ู…ู†ูุตู„ูŠู† ุจุณุจุจ ุฌุงุฆุญุฉ ูƒูˆููŠุฏ.
03:30
for well over two years, nearly three years,
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03:33
we were apart due to the Covid pandemic.
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03:36
Finally, my wife received her visa and we have been reunited
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ุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุง ุŒ ุญุตู„ุช ุฒูˆุฌุชูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฃุดูŠุฑุชู‡ุง ูˆุชู… ู„ู… ุดู…ู„ู†ุง ุŒ
03:40
and after that terrible time,
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ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุนุตูŠุจ ุŒ
03:42
when my wife and child arrived at the airport
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูˆุตู„ุช ุฒูˆุฌุชูŠ ูˆุทูู„ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุทุงุฑ ุŒ ุชู†ูุณุช
03:46
I both literally and figuratively gave out a huge 'sigh of relief'
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ุญุฑููŠุงู‹ ูˆู…ุฌุงุฒูŠุงู‹ " ุงู„ุตุนุฏุงุก"
03:50
because I was suddenly like... 'Ahhh. It's over.'
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ูƒู†ุช ูุฌุฃุฉ ู…ุซู„ ... " ุฃู‡ู‡. ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰.'
03:54
OK. Let's hear that noise one more time.
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ู†ุนู…. ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุณู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุถูˆุถุงุก ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
03:57
Ahhh.
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ุฃู‡ู‡.
03:59
Fabulous. OK. Let's have a summary:
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ุฎู„ุงุจ. ู†ุนู…. ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู„ุฎุต:
04:09
In our 6 Minute English programme,
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ููŠ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 6 ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุŒ
04:11
we've been talking about mental health in the workplace.
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ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„.
04:15
It's a big issue. How can people watch that video again please, Roy?
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ. ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒ ูŠุง ุฑูˆูŠุŸ
04:19
All you need to do is click the link in the description below.
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ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุตู ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡.
04:24
OK. Let's move on to your next headline please.
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ู†ุนู…. ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒ.
04:26
OK. So, our next headline is an opinion piece
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ู†ุนู…. ุฅุฐู† ุŒ ุนู†ูˆุงู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู‚ุงู„ ุฑุฃูŠ
04:30
and it comes from CNN and it reads:
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุณูŠ ุฅู† ุฅู† ูˆู†ุตู‡:
04:38
That's 'big blow' โ€” large unexpected negative event.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ "ุถุฑุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ" - ุญุฏุซ ุณู„ุจูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน.
04:44
OK. So, this is a two-word expression.
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ู†ุนู…. ุฅุฐู† ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู†.
04:47
First word: 'big' โ€” B-I-G. Second word: 'blow' โ€” B-L-O-W.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰: "ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ" - B-I-G. ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ: "ุถุฑุจุฉ" - B-L-O-W.
04:53
And it basically means an event that has a large
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุญุฏุซู‹ุง ู„ู‡
04:56
and, sort of, devastating effect.
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ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆู…ุฏู…ู‘ุฑ ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุง.
04:59
Now, 'blow' often refers to the act of 'blowing' with air... like that.
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู…ุง ุชุดูŠุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุถุฑุจุฉ" ุฅู„ู‰ ูุนู„ "ุงู„ู†ูุฎ" ุจุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ... ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุจูŠู„.
05:06
Is that what this expression has something to do with?
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ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุŸ
05:09
A lot of air-related expressions today apparently: 'sighing' and 'blowing'.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ: "ุงู„ุชู†ู‡ุฏ" ูˆ "ุงู„ู†ูุฎ".
05:12
But now, let's talk about this idea of 'blow'.
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ููƒุฑุฉ "ุงู„ู†ูุฎ".
05:15
So, when somebody 'blows' air at you, it hits you
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง "ูŠู†ูุฎ" ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุŒ ูุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุถุฑุจูƒ
05:19
and it makes an impact.
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ูˆูŠุญุฏุซ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‹ุง.
05:21
Another way in which we use 'blow' that will reinforce this idea
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ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุจู‡ุง "ุงู„ุถุฑุจุฉ" ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ู† ุดุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุนุฒูŠุฒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ
05:25
is in something like fighting: in fighting you have punching.
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ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุดูŠุก ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู‚ุชุงู„: ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุชุงู„ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ู„ูƒู…ุงุช.
05:28
Now, recently there was a boxing match
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุคุฎุฑู‹ุง ู…ุจุงุฑุงุฉ ู…ู„ุงูƒู…ุฉ
05:31
in which Tyson Fury won against Dillian Whyte
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ูุงุฒ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุงูŠุณูˆู† ููŠูˆุฑูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฏูŠู„ูŠุงู† ูˆุงูŠุช
05:36
and his final punch was a... or his final hit was an uppercut
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05:40
and it was the final 'blow'.
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ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู„ูƒู…ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ...
05:42
So, we use that idea of 'blow' for impacts,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู†ุญู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ููƒุฑุฉ "ุงู„ู†ูุฎ" ู„ู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุงุช ุŒ
05:45
especially related to punch and punches and air.
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ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู„ูƒู…ุงุช ูˆุงู„ู„ูƒู…ุงุช ูˆุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก.
05:50
Right, but here in this expression 'big blow',
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ุตุญูŠุญ ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ "ุถุฑุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ" ุŒ
05:53
we're not referring to air or to punches, are we?
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ู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูƒู…ุงุช ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
05:56
There's no boxing involved.
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ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงูƒู…ุฉ.
05:58
No, no, we're not.
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ู„ุง ุŒ ู„ุง ุŒ ู„ุณู†ุง ูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
06:00
So, what we're talking about here,
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ุฅุฐู† ุŒ ู…ุง ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุŒ
06:02
and let's focus in on that idea of an impact,
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ูˆุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุŒ
06:05
you're talking about an unexpected event
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ุฃู†ุช ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุญุฏุซ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน
06:08
that has a devastating effect and it's a massive impact.
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ู„ู‡ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ู…ุฏู…ุฑ ูˆู„ู‡ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ู‡ุงุฆู„.
06:13
OK. And I'm just thinking back to last year's Euros,
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ู†ุนู…. ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃููƒุฑ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุจุทูˆู„ุฉ ูŠูˆุฑูˆ ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ุŒ
06:16
when our country's team, England, lost at the last minute.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฎุณุฑ ู…ู†ุชุฎุจ ุจู„ุงุฏู†ุง ุŒ ุฅู†ุฌู„ุชุฑุง ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ.
06:21
That was a 'big blow' โ€” for us at least, wasn't it?
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู„ูƒ "ุถุฑุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ" - ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
06:24
That was a 'massive blow' but well done once again to Italy.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู„ูƒ "ุถุฑุจุฉ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ" ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃุญุณู†ุช ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ุฅูŠุทุงู„ูŠุง.
06:27
OK. Let's have a summary of that expression:
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ู†ุนู…. ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู„ุฎุต ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ: ู„ู‚ุฏ
06:37
We just mentioned last year's Euros,
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ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ู„ู„ุชูˆ ูŠูˆุฑูˆ ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ุŒ
06:40
the big football tournament where England unfortunately didn't win,
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ุจุทูˆู„ุฉ ูƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู… ุชูุฒ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅู†ุฌู„ุชุฑุง ู„ู„ุฃุณู ุŒ
06:43
but Italy did and we talked about that on News Review, didn't we, Roy?
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ู„ูƒู† ุฅูŠุทุงู„ูŠุง ูุนู„ุช ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู† ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ News Review ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุฑูˆูŠุŸ
06:47
Yes and all you have to do to watch that episode
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ู†ุนู… ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุง ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูุนู„ู‡ ู„ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ
06:50
is click the link in the description below.
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุตู ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡.
06:53
Great. Let's move on to your next headline please.
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ุนุธูŠู…. ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒ.
06:57
OK. So, our next headline comes from the Telegraph.
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ู†ุนู…. ุฅุฐู† ุŒ ุนู†ูˆุงู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู„ุบุฑุงู.
07:00
Now, it's important to note that this headline was released previously,
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุฅุตุฏุงุฑู‡ ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง ุŒ
07:04
a couple of days before the election, and it reads:
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ู‚ุจู„ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฎุงุจุงุช ุŒ ูˆู†ู‚ุฑุฃ:
07:14
'Hinges on' โ€” depends on something happening.
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"ูŠุชูˆู‚ู ุนู„ู‰" - ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูŠุก ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ.
07:19
OK. Another two-word expression.
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ู†ุนู…. ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู†.
07:21
First word: 'hinges' โ€” H-I-N-G-E-S.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰: "ู…ูุตู„ุงุช" - H-I-N-G-E-S.
07:25
Second word: 'on' โ€” O-N.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ: "on" - O-N.
07:27
And it basically means that something depends
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุฃู† ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ู…ุง ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ
07:30
on something else occurring or happening.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑ ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฃูˆ ูŠุญุฏุซ.
07:35
And if we take this literally, a 'hinge' is that piece of metal
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุญุฑููŠุงู‹ ุŒ ูุฅู† "ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ุฉ" ู‡ูŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠุฉ
07:38
that holds the door to the wall and lets it open and close.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุซุจุช ุงู„ุจุงุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงุฆุท ูˆุชุณู…ุญ ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ูุชุญ ูˆุงู„ุฅุบู„ุงู‚.
07:42
Absolutely. Now, without those 'hinges', that door cannot open and close.
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ู‚ุทุนุงู‹. ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุจุฏูˆู† ุชู„ูƒ "ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ุงุช" ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูุชุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุงุจ ูˆูŠุบู„ู‚.
07:47
So, it is a vital thing for the door to function.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุจุงุจ.
07:51
And this is important in understanding what 'hinges' means.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‡ู… ููŠ ูู‡ู… ู…ุนู†ู‰ "ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ุงุช".
07:54
So, without those 'hinges', the door doesn't work.
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ุจุฏูˆู† ุชู„ูƒ "ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ุงุช" ุŒ ุงู„ุจุงุจ ู„ุง ูŠุนู…ู„.
07:56
And what we're saying โ€” if something 'hinges on' another thing happening,
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ูˆู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ - ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูŠุก " ูŠุชูˆู‚ู" ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏูˆุซ ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑ ุŒ
08:01
it won't work unless that other thing happens.
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ูู„ู† ูŠู†ุฌุญ ู…ุง ู„ู… ูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ.
08:04
So, in my life I've got two children.
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชูŠ ู„ุฏูŠ ุทูู„ุงู†.
08:07
They depend on me โ€” I think they do anyway.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุนุชู…ุฏูˆู† ุนู„ูŠ - ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠูุนู„ูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุญุงู„.
08:10
Can I say that my children 'hinge on' me?
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ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุฃุทูุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนุชู…ุฏูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‘ุŸ
08:13
No. No, you can't. OK.
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ู„ุง ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฐู„ูƒ. ู†ุนู….
08:15
So, the way in which we're using 'depend on' there โ€”
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุจู‡ุง "ุงู„ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏ ุนู„ู‰" ู‡ู†ุงูƒ -
08:17
for example, 'children depend on their parents' โ€”
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ " ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู‡ู…" -
08:20
is like 'rely on'. So, for example,
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ู…ุซู„ "ุงู„ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏ ุนู„ู‰". ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ
08:22
they depend on you for things like supplying food
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ูŠุนุชู…ุฏูˆู† ุนู„ูŠูƒ ููŠ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุซู„ ุชูˆููŠุฑ ุงู„ุทุนุงู…
08:25
and quite often money.
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ูˆููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุงู„ู…ุงู„.
08:28
The way we use 'hinges on' is when we're talking about
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ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุจู‡ุง "ูŠุชูˆู‚ู ุนู„ู‰" ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†
08:31
one situation or event is dependent
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ู…ูˆู‚ู ุฃูˆ ุญุฏุซ ู…ุง ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ
08:34
on another situation or event happening.
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ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ู ุฃูˆ ุญุฏุซ ุขุฎุฑ ูŠุญุฏุซ.
08:38
OK. So, can we use this expression in everyday life?
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ู†ุนู…. ุฅุฐู† ุŒ ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠุฉุŸ
08:41
Yeah. So, let me give you a good example.
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ู†ุนู…. ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ุฏุนู†ูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒ ู…ุซุงู„ุงู‹ ุฌูŠุฏู‹ุง.
08:44
You invite me to a party โ€” I'm still waiting for that invitation...!
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ุฃู†ุช ุชุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญูู„ุฉ - ู…ุง ุฒู„ุช ุฃู†ุชุธุฑ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฏุนูˆุฉ ...!
08:48
You invite me to a party but I say:
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ุฃู†ุช ุชุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญูู„ุฉ ูˆู„ูƒู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„:
08:51
ย  'My coming to your party hinges on, or depends on, whether I get paid.'
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"ู…ุฌูŠุฆูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญูู„ุชูƒ ูŠุชูˆู‚ู ุนู„ู‰ ุŒ ุฃูˆ ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุŒ ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุฃุชู‚ุงุถู‰ ุฃุฌุฑู‹ุง".
08:58
So, for example, without money I can't come to your party.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญุถูˆุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญูู„ุชูƒ.
09:01
Right. OK. We could also say the success of this programme News Review
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ูŠู…ูŠู†. ู†ุนู…. ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ู†ุฌุงุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ "
09:05
'hinges on' you turning up and presenting it.
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ูŠุชูˆู‚ู" ุนู„ู‰ "ุนุฑุถูƒ" ูˆุชู‚ุฏูŠู…ู‡.
09:10
Thank you very much for that,
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ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ุฌุฒูŠู„ุงู‹ ู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ
09:11
but I think it 'hinges on' not just myself but the whole team:
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ู„ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ "ูŠุชูˆู‚ู" ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณูŠ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ุจุฃูƒู…ู„ู‡:
09:15
you and everybody else that works at BBC Learning English.
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ุฃู†ุช ูˆูƒู„ ู…ู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ููŠ BBC Learning English.
09:18
Without... without the team...
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ุจุฏูˆู† ... ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ...
09:21
Our wonderful content relies on our โ€”
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ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุน ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ - "
09:24
'hinges on' the success of our fantastic team.
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ูŠุชูˆู‚ู" ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุฌุงุญ ูุฑูŠู‚ู†ุง ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุน.
09:27
Yeah and it 'hinges on' having a summary, so here it is:
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ู†ุนู… ุŒ ูˆูŠุชูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู„ุฎุต ุŒ ู„ุฐุง ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ:
09:38
OK, Roy, it's time now for you to recap on
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ุฑูˆูŠ ุŒ ุญุงู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุชู„ุฎูŠุต
09:41
the words and expressions we've discussed today.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุงู‚ุดู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
09:44
Sure thing. We had 'sighs of relief' โ€” relax after a serious problem.
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ุฃูŽูƒููŠุฏู’. ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง "ุชู†ู‡ุฏุงุช ุงุฑุชูŠุงุญ" - ุงุณุชุฑุฎ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ. ู„ู‚ุฏ
09:50
We had 'big blow' โ€” large unexpected negative event.
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ุชู„ู‚ูŠู†ุง "ุถุฑุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ" - ุญุฏุซ ุณู„ุจูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน.
09:55
And we had 'hinges on' โ€” depends on something happening.
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง "ูŠุชูˆู‚ู ุนู„ู‰" - ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูŠุก ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ.
10:01
Now, if you want to test your understanding of these expressions,
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑุบุจ ููŠ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ูู‡ู…ูƒ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑุงุช ุŒ
10:04
we have a quiz on our website at bbclearningenglish.com.
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ูู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆูŠุจ bbclearningenglish.com.
10:09
And that's a good place to go to
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ูƒุงู† ุฌูŠุฏ ู„ู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ูŠู‡
10:11
for lots of other Learning English resources.
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ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
10:13
And don't forget to check us out on social media as well.
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ูˆู„ุง ุชู†ุณู‰ ุชูู‚ุฏู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
10:16
Well, that's all for News Review for today.
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู„ู€ News Review ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
10:19
Thank you for watching and we'll see you next time. Bye bye.
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ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉ ูˆุณู†ุฑุงูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ. ูˆุฏุงุนุง ูˆุฏุงุนุง.
10:22
Bye!
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ุงู„ูˆุฏุงุน!
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7