'Love hormone': Are scientists wrong? BBC News Review

65,115 views ใƒป 2023-02-01

BBC Learning English


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุชุชู… ุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ุง ุขู„ูŠู‹ุง.

00:00
The love hormone. Are scientists wrong? A new study suggests they might be.
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ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุญุจ. ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ู…ุฎุทุฆูˆู†ุŸ ุชุดูŠุฑ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
00:06
This is News Review from BBC
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ู…ู† BBC
00:08
Learning English. I'm Neil. And I'm Beth. Make sure you watch
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Learning English. ุฃู†ุง ู†ูŠู„. ูˆุฃู†ุง ุจูŠุซ. ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุดุงู‡ุฏ
00:12
to the end to learn vocabulary to talk about this story.
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ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู„ุชุชุนู„ู… ู…ูุฑุฏุงุช ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ.
00:15
Don't forget to to subscribe to our channel,
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ู„ุง ุชู†ุณ ุงู„ุงุดุชุฑุงูƒ ููŠ ู‚ู†ุงุชู†ุง ุŒ
00:18
like this video and try the quiz on our website.
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ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ูˆุฌุฑุจ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู†ุง.
00:21
Now, the story.
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ.
00:24
Are scientists wrong
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ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ู…ุฎุทุฆูˆู† ููŠู…ุง
00:25
about the so-called love hormone? Decades of research
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ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุญุจุŸ ุนู‚ูˆุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุญุซ
00:30
suggests the chemical called oxytocin is linked to love and friendship.
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ุชุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ุงุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุณูŠุชูˆุณูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุงู„ุญุจ ูˆุงู„ุตุฏุงู‚ุฉ.
00:36
But, a new study says this hormone might not be necessary
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ู„ูƒู† ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠู‹ุง
00:40
for social relationships after all.
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ู„ู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ุจุนุฏ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก. ู„ู‚ุฏ
00:43
You've been looking at the headlines,
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ูƒู†ุช ุชุจุญุซ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุงูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ุŒ
00:45
Beth. What's the vocabulary?
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ุจูŠุซ. ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏุงุชุŸ
00:47
We have 'upend', 'overrated' and 'not so fast'.
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง "ุฑุฃุณูŠ" ูˆ "ู…ุจุงู„ุบ ููŠู‡" ูˆ "ู„ูŠุณ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ".
00:52
This is News Review from BBC Learning English.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ู…ู† BBC Learning English.
01:00
ย 
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01:02
Let's look at our first headline.
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆู„ ุนู†ูˆุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง.
01:04
This is from Spectrum.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† Spectrum.
01:06
'Mind-blowing' study upends conventional wisdom on oxytocin.
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ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ "ุชุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฐู‡ู†" ุชู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ุญูƒู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุณูŠุชูˆุณูŠู†.
01:12
So, the headline says that a new study, which is mind-blowing,
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฐู‡ู† ุŒ
01:17
which means incredible, will change the way we think
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ู…ู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุตุฏู‚ ุŒ ุณุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ููƒุฑ ุจู‡ุง
01:20
about this love hormone, oxytocin and we are looking at the word 'upend'
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ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุญุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุŒ ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุณูŠุชูˆุณูŠู† ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "upend"
01:26
which means change completely. ย 
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง.
01:29
It does, yeah. Let's think about it literally.
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ู†ุนู… ุŒ ู†ุนู…. ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ููƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุญุฑููŠุง.
01:32
So, it's made up of 'up' and 'end'.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูู‡ูŠ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู…ู† "up" ูˆ "end".
01:35
Now, I have a mug here.
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ู„ุฏูŠ ูƒูˆุจ ู‡ู†ุง.
01:38
If I upend it, then the water or coffee might come out.
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ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู…ุช ุจู‚ู„ุจู‡ ุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ูŠุฎุฑุฌ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‚ู‡ูˆุฉ.
01:43
Yes, we're lucky
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ู†ุนู… ุŒ ู†ุญู† ู…ุญุธูˆุธูˆู†
01:44
there's no water in there.
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ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู…ุงุก ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
01:45
If there was, it would be quite dramatic and that is important to this word,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุŒ ูุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุฏุฑุงู…ุงุชูŠูƒูŠู‹ุง ุฌุฏู‹ุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‡ู… ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุŒ
01:50
'upend'. It describes complete changes, dramatic changes,
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"ุงู†ู‚ู„ุจ". ูŠุตู ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏุฑุงู…ุงุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุŒ
01:53
not little ones. That's right.
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ. ุตุญูŠุญ.
01:55
So, according to this headline, this study completely changes, or upends,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูˆูู‚ู‹ุง ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุŒ ูุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุชุบูŠุฑ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ุŒ ุฃูˆ ุชู‚ู„ุจ
02:01
what we think we know about the love hormone.
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ู…ุง ู†ุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุนุฑูู‡ ุนู† ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุญุจ.
02:04
Now, this word 'upend' is also used a lot for situations.
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุชูุณุชุฎุฏู… ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "upend" ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ู.
02:08
If we think about Covid,
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ุฅุฐุง ููƒุฑู†ุง ููŠ Covid ุŒ
02:09
it really upended everyone's plans for a few years.
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ูู‚ุฏ ู‚ู„ุจ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุฎุทุท ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ู„ุจุถุน ุณู†ูˆุงุช.
02:13
Yep. OK, let's look at that again.
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ู†ุนู…. ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ู„ู†ู„ู‚ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
02:22
ย 
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02:24
Let's have a look at our next headline.
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู†ูˆุงู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ.
02:26
And this is from Gizmodo.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุฌุฒู…ูˆุฏูˆ.
02:28
Oxytocin's reputation as the love hormone might be overrated.
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ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุจุงู„ุบุฉ ููŠ ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑ ุณู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุณูŠุชูˆุณูŠู† ูƒู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุญุจ.
02:35
OK, there's a similar theme in this headline to the first one,
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู…ุดุงุจู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ู„ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุŒ
02:40
but we are looking at the word, 'overrated'.
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ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ู…ุจุงู„ุบ ููŠู‡ุง".
02:43
Yes. So, the word
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02:43
'overrated' means that something is not as important
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ู†ุนู…. ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ูุฅู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
"ู…ุจุงู„ุบ ููŠู‡ุง" ุชุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ู…ุง ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู‡ู…ู‹ุง
02:48
or not as good as people think it is. So, in this headline,
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ุฃูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ุฌูŠุฏู‹ุง ูƒู…ุง ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ . ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุŒ
02:52
it's saying that the idea that oxytocin as the
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ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุณูŠุชูˆุณูŠู†
02:55
love hormone might not be as accurate as people think.
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ูƒู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุญุจ ู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูƒู…ุง ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ.
03:00
Can we break this word down, Neil?
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ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุชุญุทูŠู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูŠุง ู†ูŠู„ุŸ
03:01
Yes, we can.
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ู†ุนู… ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน.
03:02
It's got two parts 'over' and 'rate'. 'Rate' means to say how good
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ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฃูŠู† "ุฃูƒุซุฑ" ูˆ "ู…ุนุฏู„". "ู…ุนุฏู„" ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ู…ุฏู‰
03:07
you think something is and 'over' is a prefix
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ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ู…ุง ุฌูŠุฏ ูˆุฃู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุฃูƒุซุฑ" ู‡ูŠ ุจุงุฏุฆุฉ
03:10
which means 'more than'. You put them together, 'overrated' means
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ุชุนู†ูŠ "ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†". ุฅุฐุง ุฌู…ุนุชู‡ู… ู…ุนู‹ุง ุŒ ูุฅู† "ุงู„ู…ุจุงู„ุบุฉ ููŠ ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑู‡ุง" ุชุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†
03:14
something's not as good as people say.
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ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ู…ุง ู„ูŠุณ ุฌูŠุฏู‹ุง ูƒู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ.
03:17
Yeah. So, we can use 'overrated'
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ู†ุนู…. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… "ุงู„ู…ุจุงู„ุบุฉ"
03:19
for lots of different things.
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ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ.
03:21
If you think about music, books, sports people.
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชููƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ูˆุงู„ูƒุชุจ ูˆุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠูŠู†.
03:25
Maybe these are things everyone else thinks are amazing,
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ุฑุจู…ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฐู‡ู„ุฉ ุŒ
03:27
but you think,
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ู„ูƒู†ูƒ ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ ุŒ
03:28
well, they're not so good โ€“
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุฌูŠุฏุฉ -
03:29
these are 'overrated'.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ "ู…ุจุงู„ุบ ููŠู‡ุง".
03:31
Yeah, like those superhero movies.
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ู†ุนู… ุŒ ู…ุซู„ ุฃูู„ุงู… ุงู„ุฃุจุทุงู„ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑู‚ูŠู†.
03:33
They are so overrated.
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ู‡ู… ุญุชู‰ ู…ุจุงู„ุบุง ููŠู‡.
03:35
Everybody loves them. I think they're boring.
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ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ูŠุญุจู‡ู…. ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู…ู…ู„ูŠู†.
03:38
I think they're really good!
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุฌูŠุฏูˆู† ุญู‚ู‹ุง!
03:39
Anyway, a note on spelling and pronunciation.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุญุงู„ ุŒ ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู‡ุฌุฆุฉ ูˆุงู„ู†ุทู‚.
03:43
So, 'overrated' has two Rs in the middle
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ูุฅู† "ุงู„ู…ุจุงู„ุบุฉ" ุจู‡ุง ุฑูˆุจูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตู
03:45
but this doesn't affect the pronunciation.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุทู‚.
03:49
Now, we also have the opposite of this word, which is 'underrated'
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนูƒุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ "ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎูุงู"
03:53
and that means that people don't realise how good something is.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ุง ูŠุฏุฑูƒูˆู† ู…ุฏู‰ ุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุดูŠุก ู…ุง.
03:57
OK, let's look at that again.
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ู„ู†ู„ู‚ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰. ุญุงู†
04:04
ย 
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04:06
Time for our next headline.
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ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุนู†ูˆุงู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ .
04:08
This is from France 24. Love hormone?
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ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ูุฑู†ุณุง 24. ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุญุจุŸ
04:12
Not so fast, new study suggests. Yes, so this headline is
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ุชุดูŠุฑ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ. ู†ุนู… ุŒ ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู†
04:17
similar to the previous two.
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ู…ุดุงุจู‡ ู„ู„ุนู†ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ูŠู†.
04:20
It's talking about this love hormone, oxytocin, and perhaps it's not
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ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุญุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุŒ ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุณูŠุชูˆุณูŠู† ุŒ ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†
04:25
as important as scientists previously thought. We are looking at
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ู…ู‡ู…ู‹ุง ูƒู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง . ู†ุญู† ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰
04:30
'not so fast'. Now, those words separately,
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"ู„ูŠุณ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ". ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ูุตู„ ุŒ
04:34
I understand. But when you put them together,
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ูู‡ู…ุช. ู„ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฌู…ุนู‡ู… ู…ุนู‹ุง ุŒ
04:36
what's the sense?
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ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ุŸ
04:37
Yeah, this is a great expression!
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ู†ุนู… ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุฑุงุฆุน!
04:39
So, we often use it to say that people shouldn't make a decision too quickly
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู…ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู„ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุงุชุฎุงุฐ ู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุณุฑูŠุนู‹ุง
04:44
or that maybe things are a bit more complicated than you think.
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ุฃูˆ ุฑุจู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุชุนู‚ูŠุฏู‹ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ู…ู…ุง ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ.
04:48
Now, here, it's asking people to think again about oxytocin.
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุŒ ูŠุทู„ุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุณูŠุชูˆุณูŠู†.
04:51
Yes. And that's a metaphorical use, but we can use it literally.
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ู†ุนู…. ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ุฌุงุฒูŠ ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ุญุฑููŠู‹ุง.
04:57
Yeah, we can. So, a more literal example
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ู†ุนู… ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุญุฑููŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ
05:00
might be a teenager that says to their parents
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ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู‡
05:03
"I'm going out", but they say
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"ุฃู†ุง ุฐุงู‡ุจ ู„ู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ" ุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†
05:05
"not so fast,
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"ู„ูŠุณ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุŒ
05:07
you haven't finished your homework yet".
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ุฃู†ุช ู„ู… ุชู†ู‡ ูˆุงุฌุจูƒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏ".
05:09
Yes. And we have lots of other expressions with a similar meaning.
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ู†ุนู…. ูˆู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰.
05:12
Can you tell us?
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ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฅุฎุจุงุฑู†ุงุŸ
05:13
Yeah, we have, 'hold on a sec',
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ู†ุนู… ุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุŒ "ุงู†ุชุธุฑ ู„ุญุธุฉ" ุŒ
05:15
'wait a minute', 'hang on'.
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"ุงู†ุชุธุฑ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ" ุŒ "ุงู†ุชุธุฑ".
05:17
We use all of these in the same way.
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ.
05:19
Are we finished now, Neil? Not so fast!
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ู‡ู„ ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ูŠุง ู†ูŠู„ุŸ ู„ูŠุณ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ!
05:22
Let's have a look at that again.
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰. ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†
05:29
We've had 'upend' โ€“ completely change the way we think
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง "ุฑุฃุณูŠ" - ุบูŠู‘ุฑ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชููƒูŠุฑู†ุง
05:33
'overrated' โ€“ it's not as good as you think it is.
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"ุจุงู„ู…ุจุงู„ุบุฉ" - ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ.
05:36
ย 
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05:36
And 'not so fast' โ€“
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ูˆ "ู„ูŠุณ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ" -
05:38
slow down, wait.
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ุชู…ู‡ู„ ุŒ ุงู†ุชุธุฑ.
05:40
Remember, there's a quiz on our website at BBCLearningEnglish.com
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ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑู‹ุง ู‚ุตูŠุฑู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ BBCLearningEnglish.com
05:45
Thank you for joining us and goodbye. Bye!
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ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ุถู…ุงู…ูƒ ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง ูˆุฏุงุนู‹ุง. ุงู„ูˆุฏุงุน!
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7