Taliban: No beard, no job!: BBC News Review

57,333 views ใƒป 2022-04-19

BBC Learning English


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุชุชู… ุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ุง ุขู„ูŠู‹ุง.

00:00
'No beard, no job' for government workers in Afghanistan.
0
480
5400
"ู„ุง ู„ุญูŠุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุนู…ู„" ู„ู…ูˆุธููŠ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ููŠ ุฃูุบุงู†ุณุชุงู†.
00:05
This is News Review from BBC Learning English.
1
5880
3200
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ู…ู† BBC Learning English.
00:09
I'm Rob and joining me to talk about the language
2
9080
2640
ุฃู†ุง ุฑูˆุจ ูˆุงู†ุถู…ุงู…ูŠ ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ
00:11
behind the headlines is Neil. Hello Neil.
3
11720
2640
ูˆุฑุงุก ุงู„ุนู†ุงูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูŠู„. ู…ุฑุญุจุง ู†ูŠู„.
00:14
Hi there, Rob, and hello everyone.
4
14360
2560
ู…ุฑุญุจู‹ุง ูŠุง ุฑูˆุจ ูˆู…ุฑุญุจู‹ุง ุจุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน.
00:16
If you'd like to test yourself on the vocabulary we look at in this programme,
5
16920
4240
ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑุบุจ ููŠ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู†ูุณูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุŒ
00:21
there is a quiz on our website at bbclearningenglish.com.
6
21160
4920
ูู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู‚ุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ bbclearningenglish.com.
00:26
But now, let's have a look at some details of that story
7
26080
3280
ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ
00:29
from this BBC News report:
8
29360
3160
ู…ู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ู†ูŠูˆุฒ ู‡ุฐุง:
00:49
So, as you just heard there, the Taliban government in Afghanistan,
9
49520
4640
ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุณู…ุนุชู… ู„ู„ุชูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุŒ ุฃุตุฏุฑุช ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุทุงู„ุจุงู† ููŠ ุฃูุบุงู†ุณุชุงู† ุŒ
00:54
which took control back in August,
10
54160
2880
ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงุณุชุนุงุฏุช ุงู„ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ ููŠ ุฃุบุณุทุณ ุŒ
00:57
have put out an order that men without beards will be sent home
11
57040
4320
ุฃู…ุฑู‹ุง ูŠููŠุฏ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู„ุญู‰ ุณูˆู ูŠูุนู„ูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุฅุฑุณุงู„ู‡ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„
01:01
and lose their jobs.
12
61360
1680
ูˆูŠูู‚ุฏูˆู† ูˆุธุงุฆูู‡ู….
01:03
It's amongst a series of measures that have been brought in.
13
63040
4440
ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุจูŠู† ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุกุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ู‡ุง.
01:07
And we've got three words and expressions that you can use
14
67480
2920
ูˆู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุซู„ุงุซ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูˆุชุนุงุจูŠุฑ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง
01:10
to talk about this story from news headlines.
15
70400
1960
ู„ู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ู…ู† ุนู†ุงูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ.
01:12
What are they please, Neil?
16
72360
2240
ู…ุง ู‡ู… ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒ ุŒ ู†ูŠู„ุŸ
01:14
We have: 'hardliners', 'bars' and 'show up'.
17
74600
5280
ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง: "ุงู„ู…ุชุดุฏุฏูˆู†" ูˆ " ุงู„ุญุงู†ุงุช" ูˆ "ุงู„ุธู‡ูˆุฑ".
01:19
That's 'hardliners', 'bars' and 'show up'.
18
79880
3920
ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ู‡ู… "ุงู„ู…ุชุดุฏุฏูˆู†" ูˆ " ุงู„ุญุงู†ุงุช" ูˆ "ุงู„ุธู‡ูˆุฑ".
01:23
OK. Let's have a look at the first news headline please.
19
83800
3440
ู†ุนู…. ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆู„ ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุฅุฎุจุงุฑูŠ ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒ.
01:27
The first headline is from The Times of India and it reads:
20
87240
4840
ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฐ ู…ู† ุฌุฑูŠุฏุฉ The Times of India ูˆู†ุตู‡:
01:38
That's 'hardliners' โ€” people with strong beliefs or views.
21
98480
6120
ู‡ุฐุง "ู…ุชุดุฏุฏูˆู†" - ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู…ุนุชู‚ุฏุงุช ุฃูˆ ูˆุฌู‡ุงุช ู†ุธุฑ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ.
01:44
That's right, yes. So, the first thing to say is
22
104600
2920
ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญ ุŒ ู†ุนู…. ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ูุฅู† ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ูŠุฌุจ ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ
01:47
that this word 'hardliner' is quite clearly made up of two parts:
23
107520
4360
ุฃู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ู…ุชุดุฏุฏ" ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุจุดูƒู„ ูˆุงุถุญ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุฃูŠู†:
01:51
'hard' and 'liners'.
24
111880
2560
"ุตู„ุจ" ูˆ "ุฎุทูŠ".
01:54
And in this headline, in this version of it,
25
114440
3400
ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุŒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅุตุฏุงุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ ุŒ
01:57
the words are separated โ€” or connected even โ€” with a hyphen,
26
117840
4240
ูŠุชู… ูุตู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช - ุฃูˆ ุฑุจุทู‡ุง - ุจูˆุงุตู„ุฉ ุŒ
02:02
but you will often see this word as just one word.
27
122080
3960
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู…ุง ุชุฑู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูู‚ุท.
02:06
Yeah. So, if we break this...
28
126040
1560
ู†ุนู…. ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุชู‚ุณูŠู… ู‡ุฐุง ...
02:07
this expression down, we've got 'hard', which is something very strong,
29
127600
4320
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุŒ ูู„ุฏูŠู†ุง "ุตุนุจ" ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุดูŠุก ู‚ูˆูŠ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุŒ
02:11
and then 'liners' or a 'line'
30
131920
2640
ูˆู…ู† ุซู… "ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ" ุฃูˆ "ุงู„ุฎุท"
02:14
is when you follow a particular belief or opinion.
31
134560
3280
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุชุจุน ู…ุนุชู‚ุฏู‹ุง ุฃูˆ ุฑุฃูŠู‹ุง ู…ุนูŠู†ู‹ุง.
02:17
You follow a particular line, don't you?
32
137840
2680
ุฃู†ุช ุชุชุจุน ุฎุทู‹ุง ู…ุนูŠู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
02:20
Yeah, that's a really useful way of thinking about it.
33
140520
3360
ู†ุนู… ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ุญู‚ู‹ุง ู„ู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ.
02:23
The word 'hard' in this case means strong
34
143880
4160
ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุตุนุจ" ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุชุนู†ูŠ ู‚ูˆูŠ
02:28
and 'line', as you said, is opinion.
35
148040
3440
ูˆ "ุฎุท" ูƒู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู… ู‡ูŠ ุฑุฃูŠ.
02:31
So, we can use the word 'line' to refer to your point of view or opinion:
36
151480
4880
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุณุทุฑ" ู„ู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ู†ุธุฑูƒ ุฃูˆ ุฑุฃูŠูƒ:
02:36
'What is your line on something?' It means what do you think about it.
37
156360
4000
"ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฎุทูƒ ููŠ ุดูŠุก ู…ุงุŸ" ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุฑุฃูŠูƒ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ.
02:40
And so, a 'hardliner' is someone who has a very strong interpretation
38
160360
6280
ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุŒ ูุฅู† "ุงู„ู…ุชุดุฏุฏ" ู‡ูˆ ุดุฎุต ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุชูุณูŠุฑ ู‚ูˆูŠ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ
02:46
of how something should be.
39
166640
2000
ู„ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุดูŠุก ู…ุง.
02:48
So, it's very difficult to get them to change their mind, I guess.
40
168640
4080
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุญู…ู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุฑุฃูŠู‡ู… ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ.
02:52
Yes, these are inflexible people:
41
172720
3320
ู†ุนู… ุŒ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑู†ูŠู†:
02:56
people whose minds don't change
42
176040
3320
ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู„ุง ุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุนู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู…
02:59
and who often have the strongest interpretation
43
179360
4120
ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุชูุณูŠุฑ
03:03
of a particular point of view or opinion,
44
183480
4240
ู„ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ู†ุธุฑ ุฃูˆ ุฑุฃูŠ ู…ุนูŠู† ุŒ
03:07
even amongst a group of people with the same opinion.
45
187720
3120
ุญุชู‰ ุจูŠู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฑุฃูŠ.
03:10
So, within, for example, a political party,
46
190840
3560
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุญุฒุจ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ
03:14
the people in the party will have a similar opinion to each other,
47
194400
3360
ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฒุจ ุฑุฃูŠ ู…ู…ุงุซู„ ู„ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุŒ
03:17
but the 'hardliners' are the ones with the most extreme,
48
197760
3720
ู„ูƒู† "ุงู„ู…ุชุดุฏุฏูŠู†" ู‡ู… ุฃุตุญุงุจ ุงู„ุชูุณูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุชุทุฑูุงู‹
03:21
or strongest, or strictest interpretation.
49
201480
4520
ุฃูˆ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฃูˆ ุตุฑุงู…ุฉ.
03:26
And in the headline, we were using 'hardliners' as a noun,
50
206000
3720
ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุŒ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… "ุงู„ู…ุชุดุฏุฏูŠู†" ูƒุงุณู… ุŒ
03:29
but you can also use this as an adjective, can't you?
51
209720
4720
ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
03:34
Yes, you can use it as an adjective,
52
214440
2440
ู†ุนู… ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ูƒุตูุฉ ุŒ
03:36
for example, ahead of the word 'approach':
53
216880
2920
ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ู‚ุจู„ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ู†ู‡ุฌ":
03:39
a 'hardline approach' to something.
54
219800
3120
"ู†ู‡ุฌ ู…ุชุดุฏุฏ" ู„ุดูŠุก ู…ุง.
03:42
And again, it means that you have a very strict approach to whatever situation.
55
222920
6480
ูˆู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ู†ู‡ุฌู‹ุง ุตุงุฑู…ู‹ุง ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูˆู‚ู.
03:49
So, if I was in the office and, you know, I like to drink tea;
56
229400
3440
ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุจ ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู… ุŒ ุฃุญุจ ุดุฑุจ ุงู„ุดุงูŠ ุ›
03:52
I won't consider drinking coffee.
57
232840
2840
ู„ู† ุฃููƒุฑ ููŠ ุดุฑุจ ุงู„ู‚ู‡ูˆุฉ.
03:55
Does that mean I'm taking a...
58
235680
1440
ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุชุฎุฐ ...
03:57
I'm taking a 'hardline approach' towards drinking tea?
59
237120
4400
ุฃุชุฎุฐ "ู†ู‡ุฌู‹ุง ู…ุชุดุฏุฏู‹ุง" ุชุฌุงู‡ ุดุฑุจ ุงู„ุดุงูŠุŸ
04:01
Well, you could say that... it would be a little bit strange to be honest,
60
241520
4160
ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ... ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ุตุงุฏู‚ูŠู† ุŒ
04:05
because we use 'hardliner' or 'hardline approach'
61
245680
4240
ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… "ู†ู‡ุฌู‹ุง ู…ุชุดุฏุฏู‹ุง" ุฃูˆ "ู†ู‡ุฌู‹ุง ู…ุชุดุฏุฏู‹ุง"
04:09
usually to refer to something which is pretty serious
62
249920
3760
ู„ู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุฅู„ู‰ ุดูŠุก ุฎุทูŠุฑ ุฌุฏู‹ุง
04:13
and your decision between tea and coffee I'm afraid,
63
253680
3480
ูˆู‚ุฑุงุฑูƒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุดุงูŠ ูˆุงู„ู‚ู‡ูˆุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุฎุงุฆู ุŒ
04:17
Rob, is not that serious.
64
257160
1960
ุฑูˆุจ ุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฉ.
04:19
However, you could use it in a, sort of, humorous way
65
259120
3640
ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ููƒุงู‡ูŠุฉ ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุง
04:22
because it exaggerates the importance of... of this thing.
66
262760
5200
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุจุงู„ุบ ููŠ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ... ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก.
04:27
OK. Let's have a summary:
67
267960
2520
ู†ุนู…. ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู„ุฎุต:
04:37
So, we're talking about the Taliban today
68
277400
2920
ุฅุฐู† ุŒ ู†ุญู† ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุทุงู„ุจุงู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
04:40
and of course last year we covered the story
69
280320
2720
ูˆุจุงู„ุทุจุน ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ุบุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ
04:43
where they took over Kabul and the rest of Afghanistan
70
283040
3120
ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณูŠุทุฑูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุงุจูˆู„ ูˆุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุฃูุบุงู†ุณุชุงู†
04:46
in our News Review programme. How can we watch that video again?
71
286160
3520
ููŠ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌู†ุง News Review. ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŸ
04:49
All you have to do is click on the link below.
72
289680
3760
ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡.
04:53
OK. Now, let's have a look at your next news headline please.
73
293440
3400
ู†ุนู…. ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุฃุฎุจุงุฑูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู… ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒ.
04:56
Yeah, the next headline comes from Reuters and it reads:
74
296840
5000
ู†ุนู… ุŒ ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุฑูˆูŠุชุฑุฒ ูˆูŠู‚ุฑุฃ:
05:09
So, that's 'bars' โ€” officially prevents something from happening.
75
309000
4560
ุฅุฐู† ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ "ุงู„ุญุงู†ุงุช" - ุฑุณู…ูŠู‹ุง ูŠู…ู†ุน ุญุฏูˆุซ ุดูŠุก ู…ุง.
05:13
Yes, that's spelt B-A-R-S.
76
313560
3040
ู†ุนู… ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุชู‡ุฌุฆุฉ B-A-R-S.
05:16
In this headline it's a verb: 'to bar' something.
77
316600
4320
ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ู‡ูˆ ูุนู„: "ุญุธุฑ" ุดูŠุก ู…ุง.
05:20
But, it's useful to think of it as its noun form: 'a bar'.
78
320920
5200
ู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง: "ุดุฑูŠุท".
05:26
Now, a 'bar' is usually a long piece of metal,
79
326120
5560
ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† "ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุท" ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู† ุŒ
05:31
often used, for example, on a prison window or door
80
331680
4200
ูˆุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู…ุง ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุงูุฐุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุงุจ ุงู„ุณุฌู†
05:35
to prevent people getting out,
81
335880
3000
ู„ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุŒ
05:38
and that is how it's used as a verb.
82
338880
2680
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ูƒูุนู„.
05:41
It means to prevent something from getting through.
83
341560
3640
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู†ุน ุดูŠุก ู…ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฑ.
05:45
If you imagine, for example, a pathway or...
84
345200
3800
ุฅุฐุง ุชุฎูŠู„ุช ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ู…ุณุงุฑู‹ุง ุฃูˆ ...
05:49
you're trying to get through a door and there is a 'bar',
85
349000
4200
ุชุญุงูˆู„ ุนุจูˆุฑ ุจุงุจ ูˆูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ "ุดุฑูŠุท" ุŒ
05:53
the 'bar' is going to prevent you from getting through where you want to go.
86
353200
5120
ูุฅู† "ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุท" ุณูŠู…ู†ุนูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ูŠู‡.
05:58
And as a verb, if you 'bar' someone from doing something,
87
358320
4800
ูˆูƒูุนู„ ุŒ ุฅุฐุง "ู…ู†ุนุช" ุดุฎุตู‹ุง ู…ุง ู…ู† ูุนู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ุง ุŒ
06:03
it means you stop them.
88
363120
2880
ูู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ูƒ ุชู…ู†ุนู‡.
06:06
Yeah, and a criminal โ€” if we put them in prison,
89
366000
2440
ู†ุนู… ุŒ ูˆู…ุฌุฑู… - ุฅุฐุง ูˆุถุนู†ุงู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฌู† ุŒ
06:08
we sometimes say: 'We put them behind bars,' don't we?
90
368440
2520
ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง: "ูˆุถุนู†ุงู‡ู… ุฎู„ู ุงู„ู‚ุถุจุงู†" ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
06:10
That's the noun again โ€” the physical 'bars'.
91
370960
2640
ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุณู… ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ - " ุงู„ู‚ุถุจุงู†" ุงู„ู…ุงุฏูŠุฉ.
06:13
That's right, yes. Yeah.
92
373600
2080
ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญ ุŒ ู†ุนู…. ู†ุนู….
06:15
And we can use other words, such as 'bans'
93
375680
2720
ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุŒ ู…ุซู„ "ุงู„ุญุธุฑ"
06:18
and 'prevents' and 'stops' as well, yeah?
94
378400
3200
ูˆ "ุงู„ู…ู†ุน" ูˆ "ุงู„ุชูˆู‚ู" ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
06:21
Yes, 'bans', 'prevents', 'stops':
95
381600
2160
ู†ุนู… ุŒ "ูŠู…ู†ุน" ุŒ "ูŠู…ู†ุน" ุŒ "ุชูˆู‚ู":
06:23
they all have the same meaning as this word 'bars'.
96
383760
4600
ุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ุง ู„ู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุฃุดุฑุทุฉ".
06:28
Great. Thanks for that. Let's have a summary:
97
388360
3000
ุนุธูŠู…. ุดูƒุฑุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ. ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู„ุฎุต:
06:38
So, we were looking at words like 'bars', 'bans' and 'prevents'.
98
398960
5320
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุจุญุซ ููŠ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุซู„ "ุงู„ุญุงู†ุงุช" ูˆ "ุงู„ุญุธุฑ" ูˆ "ุงู„ู…ู†ุน".
06:44
We did a programme about the difference between 'prevents' and 'avoid':
99
404280
3880
ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† "ูŠู…ู†ุน" ูˆ "ุชุฌู†ุจ":
06:48
it's English in a Minute. How can we watch that again please, Neil?
100
408160
3960
ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ. ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุฌุฏุฏู‹ุง ูŠุง ู†ูŠู„ุŸ
06:52
If you've got just one minute to spare,
101
412120
1720
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูู‚ุท ู„ุชุฌู†ูŠุจู‡ุง ุŒ
06:53
you could learn something really useful:
102
413840
2200
ููŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุชุนู„ู… ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ู…ููŠุฏู‹ุง ุญู‚ู‹ุง:
06:56
click the link below.
103
416040
2680
ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡.
06:58
Now, let's have a look at your next headline please.
104
418720
2440
ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒ.
07:01
Yes. My next headline comes from The Daily Sabah and it reads:
105
421160
5560
ู†ุนู…. ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† The Daily Sabah ูˆูŠู‚ุฑุฃ:
07:15
That's 'show up' โ€” appear at a place.
106
435280
4280
ู‡ุฐุง "ุฅุธู‡ุงุฑ" - ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ุง.
07:19
So, 'show up' is a phrasal verb made up of two parts:
107
439560
4080
ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ูุฅู† "show up" ู‡ูˆ ูุนู„ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฌุฒุฃูŠู†:
07:23
'show' and 'up'.
108
443640
3760
"show" ูˆ "up".
07:27
Now, let's break that down. I know about a 'show'.
109
447400
3080
ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู‚ุณู… ุฐู„ูƒ. ุฃุนุฑู ุนู† "ุนุฑุถ".
07:30
A 'show' is something I might go and see in the West End,
110
450480
2800
"ุงู„ุนุฑุถ" ุดูŠุก ู‚ุฏ ุฃุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุฃุฑุงู‡ ููŠ ูˆูŠุณุช ุฅู†ุฏ ุŒ
07:33
where people are dancing and singing and things like that.
111
453280
2880
ุญูŠุซ ูŠุฑู‚ุต ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูˆูŠุบู†ูˆู† ูˆุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุจูŠู„.
07:36
Is it that kind of show we're talking about here?
112
456160
2080
ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ
07:38
No, it's not, Rob.
113
458240
2600
ู„ุง ุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุฑูˆุจ. ูŠุฑุชุจุท
07:40
'Show' in this sense is connected to arrival, appearance.
114
460840
6440
"ุงู„ุนุฑุถ" ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุจุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุธู‡ุฑ.
07:47
So, to 'show up' somewhere is to arrive or to appear in that place,
115
467280
7840
ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ูุฅู† "ุงู„ุธู‡ูˆุฑ" ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุŒ
07:55
often in a slightly unplanned way.
116
475120
3200
ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฎุทุท ู„ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ู…ุง.
07:58
So, for example, you might want to make a reservation in a restaurant,
117
478320
5600
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ู‚ุฏ ุชุฑุบุจ ููŠ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุญุฌุฒ ููŠ ู…ุทุนู… ุŒ
08:03
for example, and you phone up and you say:
118
483920
3400
ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ุซู… ุชุชุตู„ ู‡ุงุชููŠู‹ุง ูˆุชู‚ูˆู„:
08:07
'Do I need a reservation or can I just show up?'
119
487320
3720
"ู‡ู„ ุฃุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฌุฒ ุฃู… ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญุถูˆุฑ ูู‚ุทุŸ"
08:11
and that means arrive โ€” appear,
120
491040
4120
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ - ุงุธู‡ุฑ ุŒ
08:15
as I said, without necessarily a, kind of, firm plan.
121
495160
5880
ูƒู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ุŒ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฎุทุฉ ุซุงุจุชุฉ ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ.
08:21
But, if you do have a plan and you're late,
122
501040
1840
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฎุทุฉ ูˆุชุฃุฎุฑุช ุŒ
08:22
then we can say you 'show up' late.
123
502880
2240
ููŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ูƒ "ุญุถุฑุช" ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑู‹ุง.
08:25
Yes, it can also be used, kind of, generally to mean arrive
124
505120
3400
ู†ุนู… ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ุŒ ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุง ุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู„ุชุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ูˆุบูŠุฑ
08:28
and informally, as you just said then, if somebody arrived late,
125
508520
4320
ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠ ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู„ุชูˆ ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูˆุตู„ ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑู‹ุง ุŒ
08:32
you could ask them why they have 'shown up' late
126
512840
2880
ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุณุฃู„ู‡ ุนู† ุณุจุจ "ุธู‡ูˆุฑู‡" ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑู‹ุง
08:35
or you could complain about a bus 'showing up' late.
127
515720
4680
ุฃูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุดูƒูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ุญุงูู„ุฉ " ุญุชู‰ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑ.
08:40
Yeah. And I 'showed up' late for this recording, didn't I,
128
520400
3240
ู†ุนู…. ูˆู‚ุฏ "ุญุถุฑุช" ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑู‹ุง ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุณุฌูŠู„ ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ
08:43
because I was showing off my new shoes?
129
523640
2960
ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ูƒู†ุช ุฃุนุฑุถ ุญุฐุงุฆูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŸ
08:46
There's a few more meanings of 'show' there.
130
526600
2640
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ู…ุนุงู†ูŠ "ุงู„ุนุฑุถ" ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
08:49
A couple of meanings of 'show' there. So, we have the one
131
529240
2160
ุฒูˆุฌุงู† ู…ู† ู…ุนุงู†ูŠ "ุฅุธู‡ุงุฑ" ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุฐูŠ
08:51
we're talking about: to arrive, appear.
132
531400
3360
ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡: ู„ู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุŒ ุงุธู‡ุฑ.
08:54
And then you've got 'show off', which means to...
133
534760
4040
ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ "ุงู„ุชุจุงู‡ูŠ" ุŒ ู…ู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ...
08:58
well, kind of, display proudly something and it...
134
538800
4360
ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุง ุŒ ุนุฑุถ ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ุจูุฎุฑ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ...
09:03
What we see here is how we can have phrasal verbs
135
543160
4480
ู…ุง ู†ุฑุงู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุดุจุงู‡ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ ุงู„ูุนู„ูŠุฉ
09:07
that only alter in the second part โ€”
136
547640
2360
ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุฅู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ -
09:10
the particle, the preposition part:
137
550000
2040
ุงู„ุฌุณูŠู… ุŒ ุฌุฒุก ุญุฑู ุงู„ุฌุฑ:
09:12
the 'up', 'off', 'on', those parts โ€”
138
552040
2800
"ุฃุนู„ู‰" ุŒ "ุฅูŠู‚ุงู" ุŒ "ุชุดุบูŠู„" ุŒ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก -
09:14
and it radically changes the meaning.
139
554840
2680
ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌุฐุฑูŠ.
09:17
It's just something you have to learn, I'm afraid.
140
557520
3120
ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุดูŠุก ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชุชุนู„ู…ู‡ ุŒ ุฃุฎุดู‰.
09:20
And also a similar meaning for 'show up' is 'turn up', yeah?
141
560640
3720
ูˆุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู…ุงุซู„ ู„ู€ "ุงู„ุธู‡ูˆุฑ" ู‡ูˆ "ุงู„ุธู‡ูˆุฑ" ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
09:24
Yes, 'turn up' is the same as 'show up'.
142
564360
3040
ู†ุนู… ุŒ "ุนุฑุถ" ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณู‡ "ุฅุธู‡ุงุฑ".
09:27
OK. Let's now have a summary:
143
567400
2680
ู†ุนู…. ุฏุนู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู„ุฎุต:
09:37
Now, it's time to recap the words
144
577760
2920
ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุญุงู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุชู„ุฎูŠุต ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช
09:40
and expressions that we've talked about today please, Neil.
145
580680
3040
ูˆุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒ ุŒ ู†ูŠู„.
09:43
Yes, we looked at 'hardliners' โ€” people with strict views or beliefs.
146
583720
5800
ู†ุนู… ุŒ ู†ุธุฑู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ "ุงู„ู…ุชุดุฏุฏูŠู†" - ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ุขุฑุงุก ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนุชู‚ุฏุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุดุฏุฏุฉ.
09:49
'Bars' โ€” officially prevents something from happening.
147
589520
4320
"ุงู„ุญุงู†ุงุช" - ุฑุณู…ูŠู‹ุง ูŠู…ู†ุน ุญุฏูˆุซ ุดูŠุก ู…ุง.
09:53
And 'show up' โ€” appear at a place.
148
593840
3440
ูˆ "ุงุธู‡ุฑ" - ุชุธู‡ุฑ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ุง.
09:57
Now, if you want to test your understanding
149
597280
2160
ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑุบุจ ููŠ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ูู‡ู…ูƒ
09:59
of these words and expressions,
150
599440
1880
ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑุงุช ุŒ
10:01
we have a quiz on our website
151
601320
2000
ูู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู†ุง
10:03
at bbclearningenglish.com.
152
603320
2200
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆูŠุจ bbclearningenglish.com.
10:05
And that's a good place to go to to check out
153
605520
2400
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ูƒุงู† ุฌูŠุฏ ู„ู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ู„ู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ู…ู†
10:07
all our other Learning English resources.
154
607920
2360
ุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
10:10
And don't forget โ€” we're on social media as well, so you can't miss us.
155
610280
4160
ูˆู„ุง ุชู†ุณ - ู†ุญู† ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชููˆุชู†ุง.
10:14
Right, that's all for today's News Review.
156
614440
2040
ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู„ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
10:16
Thank you so much for watching and we'll see you next time.
157
616480
2840
ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ุฌุฒูŠู„ุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉ ูˆุณู†ุฑุงูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ.
10:19
Bye bye.
158
619320
960
ูˆุฏุงุนุง ูˆุฏุงุนุง. ู…ุน
10:20
Goodbye.
159
620280
1480
ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุฉ.
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7