Taliban: No beard, no job!: BBC News Review

56,692 views ใƒป 2022-04-19

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
'No beard, no job' for government workers in Afghanistan.
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ใ‚ขใƒ•ใ‚ฌใƒ‹ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒณใฎๅ…ฌๅ‹™ๅ“กใฏใ€Œใฒใ’ใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐไป•ไบ‹ใŒใชใ„ใ€ ใ€‚
00:05
This is News Review from BBC Learning English.
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BBCใƒฉใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒชใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
00:09
I'm Rob and joining me to talk about the language
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็งใฏใƒญใƒ–ใงใ™
00:11
behind the headlines is Neil. Hello Neil.
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ใ€‚ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใฎ่ƒŒๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‚‹่จ€่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€‚
00:14
Hi there, Rob, and hello everyone.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒญใƒ–ใ€ใใ—ใฆ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
00:16
If you'd like to test yourself on the vocabulary we look at in this programme,
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ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ‚‹่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„
00:21
there is a quiz on our website at bbclearningenglish.com.
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ bbclearningenglish.com ใซใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:26
But now, let's have a look at some details of that story
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใฎ BBC ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฎใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใใฎ่ฉฑใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟ
00:29
from this BBC News report:
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00:49
So, as you just heard there, the Taliban government in Afghanistan,
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ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†: ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใใ“ใง่žใ„ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€8 ๆœˆใซๆ”ฏ้…ๆจฉใ‚’ๆกใฃ ใŸใ‚ขใƒ•ใ‚ฌใƒ‹ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒณใฎใ‚ฟใƒชใƒใƒณๆ”ฟๅบœใฏใ€
00:54
which took control back in August,
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00:57
have put out an order that men without beards will be sent home
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ใ‚ใ”ใฒใ’ใฎใชใ„็”ทๆ€งใซ ๅฎถใซๅธฐใ•ใ‚Œ
01:01
and lose their jobs.
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ใ€่ทใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ใ€‚ ๅฐŽๅ…ฅ
01:03
It's amongst a series of measures that have been brought in.
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ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸไธ€้€ฃใฎๆŽช็ฝฎใฎ
01:07
And we've got three words and expressions that you can use
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1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ 3 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใจ่กจ็พใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
01:10
to talk about this story from news headlines.
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ใ€‚
01:12
What are they please, Neil?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ?
01:14
We have: 'hardliners', 'bars' and 'show up'.
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ใ€Œๅผท็กฌๆดพใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใƒใƒผใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:19
That's 'hardliners', 'bars' and 'show up'.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅผท็กฌๆดพใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใƒใƒผใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:23
OK. Let's have a look at the first news headline please.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:27
The first headline is from The Times of India and it reads:
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ— ใฏ The Times of India ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„
01:38
That's 'hardliners' โ€” people with strong beliefs or views.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:44
That's right, yes. So, the first thing to say is
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ
01:47
that this word 'hardliner' is quite clearly made up of two parts:
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ใ€ใ“ใฎใ€Œใƒใƒผใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚คใƒŠใƒผใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใจใ€Œ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒŠใƒผใ€ใจใ„ใ† 2 ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
01:51
'hard' and 'liners'.
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ใ€‚
01:54
And in this headline, in this version of it,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใง ใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใงใฏ
01:57
the words are separated โ€” or connected even โ€” with a hyphen,
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ใ€ๅ˜่ชž ใŒใƒใ‚คใƒ•ใƒณใงๅŒบๅˆ‡ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚Œใฆ
02:02
but you will often see this word as just one word.
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ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ 1 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใจใ—ใฆ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:06
Yeah. So, if we break this...
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆ†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใจ...
02:07
this expression down, we've got 'hard', which is something very strong,
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ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พ ใฏใ€้žๅธธใซๅผทๅŠ›ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œใƒใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใ‚’
02:11
and then 'liners' or a 'line'
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ๆŒใกใ€ใ€Œใƒฉใ‚คใƒŠใƒผใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ€
02:14
is when you follow a particular belief or opinion.
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ใฏ ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎไฟกๅฟตใพใŸใฏๆ„่ฆ‹ใซๅพ“ใ†ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚
02:17
You follow a particular line, don't you?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็ทšใซๅพ“ใฃ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:20
Yeah, that's a really useful way of thinking about it.
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ใˆใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซ้žๅธธใซไพฟๅˆฉใชๆ–นๆณ• ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:23
The word 'hard' in this case means strong
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎใ€Œใƒใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ ใฏๅผทใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใง
02:28
and 'line', as you said, is opinion.
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ใ€ใ€Œใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ€ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„่ฆ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:31
So, we can use the word 'line' to refer to your point of view or opinion:
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใ‚„ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่กจใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:36
'What is your line on something?' It means what do you think about it.
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ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
02:40
And so, a 'hardliner' is someone who has a very strong interpretation
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๅผท็กฌๆดพใ€ใจ ใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ในใๅงฟใซใคใ„ใฆ้žๅธธใซๅผทใ„่งฃ้‡ˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฎ
02:46
of how something should be.
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ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:48
So, it's very difficult to get them to change their mind, I guess.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้žๅธธใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:52
Yes, these are inflexible people:
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆŸ”่ปŸๆ€งใฎใชใ„
02:56
people whose minds don't change
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ไบบใ€…ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅŒใ˜ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใคไบบใ€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎไธญใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅฟƒใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‰ใš
02:59
and who often have the strongest interpretation
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03:03
of a particular point of view or opinion,
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ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎ่ฆ–็‚น ใ‚„ๆ„่ฆ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅผทใ„่งฃ้‡ˆใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„
03:07
even amongst a group of people with the same opinion.
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ไบบใ€… ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:10
So, within, for example, a political party,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐๆ”ฟๅ…šๅ†…ใง
03:14
the people in the party will have a similar opinion to each other,
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ใฏใ€ๅ…šๅ†…ใฎไบบใ€…ใฏ ไบ’ใ„ใซๅŒๆง˜ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
03:17
but the 'hardliners' are the ones with the most extreme,
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ใŒใ€ใ€Œๅผท็กฌๆดพใ€ใฏ ๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆฅต็ซฏใชใ€
03:21
or strongest, or strictest interpretation.
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ใพใŸใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅผทใ„ใ€ ใพใŸใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅŽณๆ ผใช่งฃ้‡ˆใ‚’ๆŒใคไบบใ€…ใงใ™.
03:26
And in the headline, we were using 'hardliners' as a noun,
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่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ— ใงใฏใ€'hardliners' ใ‚’ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ
03:29
but you can also use this as an adjective, can't you?
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใญใ€‚
03:34
Yes, you can use it as an adjective,
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ใฏใ„ใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:36
for example, ahead of the word 'approach':
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ 'approach' ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฎๅ‰ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
03:39
a 'hardline approach' to something.
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ใ€‚ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ 'hardline approach' ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:42
And again, it means that you have a very strict approach to whatever situation.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ใฉใ‚“ใช็Šถๆณใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚‚้žๅธธใซๅŽณๆ ผใชใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒญใƒผใƒใ‚’ใจใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™.
03:49
So, if I was in the office and, you know, I like to drink tea;
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซใ„ใฆใ€ ใŠ่Œถใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚€ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใ ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:52
I won't consider drinking coffee.
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็งใฏใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚€ใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:55
Does that mean I'm taking a...
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™...
03:57
I'm taking a 'hardline approach' towards drinking tea?
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็งใฏใŠ่Œถใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚€ใ“ใจใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€Œๅผท็กฌใชใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒญใƒผใƒใ€ใ‚’ๅ–ใฃ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
04:01
Well, you could say that... it would be a little bit strange to be honest,
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“...ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใงใ™.
04:05
because we use 'hardliner' or 'hardline approach'
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆทฑๅˆปใชใ“ใจใจใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ด…่Œถใจใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใฎ้–“ใฎๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œๅผท็กฌๆดพใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅผท็กฌใชใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒญใƒผใƒใ€
04:09
usually to refer to something which is pretty serious
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
04:13
and your decision between tea and coffee I'm afraid,
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ใงใ™. ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€
04:17
Rob, is not that serious.
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ใƒญใƒ–ใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉๆทฑๅˆปใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:19
However, you could use it in a, sort of, humorous way
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎใ“ใจใฎ้‡่ฆๆ€งใ‚’่ช‡ๅผตใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ไธ€็จฎใฎใƒฆใƒผใƒขใƒฉใ‚นใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใ
04:22
because it exaggerates the importance of... of this thing.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:27
OK. Let's have a summary:
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ่ฆ็ด„ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
04:37
So, we're talking about the Taliban today
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ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‚ฟใƒชใƒใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใŒ
04:40
and of course last year we covered the story
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ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ๆ˜จๅนดใ€ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚น ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใ‚ฟใƒชใƒใƒณ
04:43
where they took over Kabul and the rest of Afghanistan
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ใŒใ‚ซใƒ–ใƒผใƒซ ใจๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎใ‚ขใƒ•ใ‚ฌใƒ‹ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒณ
04:46
in our News Review programme. How can we watch that video again?
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ใ‚’ไน—ใฃๅ–ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†่ฉฑใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
04:49
All you have to do is click on the link below.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚
04:53
OK. Now, let's have a look at your next news headline please.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:56
Yeah, the next headline comes from Reuters and it reads:
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ใˆใˆใ€ๆฌกใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใฏ Reuters ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ›ธใ‹
05:09
So, that's 'bars' โ€” officially prevents something from happening.
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ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:13
Yes, that's spelt B-A-R-S.
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ใฏใ„ใ€B-A-R-S ใจ็ถดใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:16
In this headline it's a verb: 'to bar' something.
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ใ“ใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™: ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ€Œ็ฆๆญขใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
05:20
But, it's useful to think of it as its noun form: 'a bar'.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œ ใ‚’ๅ่ฉžๅฝขใฎ 'a bar' ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™ใ€‚
05:26
Now, a 'bar' is usually a long piece of metal,
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็พๅœจใ€'bar' ใฏ้€šๅธธ ใ€้•ทใ„้‡‘ๅฑž็‰‡ใงใ‚ใ‚Š
05:31
often used, for example, on a prison window or door
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ใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐ ใ€ๅˆ‘ๅ‹™ๆ‰€ใฎ็ช“ใ‚„ใƒ‰ใ‚ข
05:35
to prevent people getting out,
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ใซไบบใŒๅ‡บใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’้˜ฒใใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จ
05:38
and that is how it's used as a verb.
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ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:41
It means to prevent something from getting through.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้€šใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:45
If you imagine, for example, a pathway or...
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ใŸใจใˆใฐ ใ€ๅฐ้“ใ‚„...
05:49
you're trying to get through a door and there is a 'bar',
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ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚’้€šใ‚ใ†ใจใ— ใฆใ„ใฆใ€Œใƒใƒผใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจ
05:53
the 'bar' is going to prevent you from getting through where you want to go.
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ใ€ใ€Œใƒใƒผใ€ใฏ ่กŒใใŸใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’้€šใ‚ŠๆŠœใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅฆจใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:58
And as a verb, if you 'bar' someone from doing something,
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ€Œ็ฆๆญขใ€
06:03
it means you stop them.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใฎไบบใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:06
Yeah, and a criminal โ€” if we put them in prison,
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ใˆใˆใ€ใใ—ใฆ็Šฏ็ฝช่€… ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅˆ‘ๅ‹™ๆ‰€ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๅˆ‘ๅ‹™ๆ‰€ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€
06:08
we sometimes say: 'We put them behind bars,' don't we?
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ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
06:10
That's the noun again โ€” the physical 'bars'.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ โ€” ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชใ€Œใƒใƒผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:13
That's right, yes. Yeah.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:15
And we can use other words, such as 'bans'
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ใ€Œbansใ€
06:18
and 'prevents' and 'stops' as well, yeah?
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ใ‚„ใ€Œpreventsใ€ ใ€ใ€Œstopsใ€ใชใฉใ€ไป–ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:21
Yes, 'bans', 'prevents', 'stops':
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ€Œ็ฆๆญขใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้˜ฒๆญขใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅœๆญขใ€:
06:23
they all have the same meaning as this word 'bars'.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€Œ็ฆๆญขใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:28
Great. Thanks for that. Let's have a summary:
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ๅ‰ๅคงใชใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆ็ด„ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:38
So, we were looking at words like 'bars', 'bans' and 'prevents'.
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ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ใ€Œ็ฆๆญขใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็ฆๆญขใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้˜ฒๆญขใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ชฟในใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:44
We did a programme about the difference between 'prevents' and 'avoid':
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ใ€Œ้˜ฒใใ€ใจใ€Œๅ›ž้ฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใฎ้•ใ„
06:48
it's English in a Minute. How can we watch that again please, Neil?
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ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ?
06:52
If you've got just one minute to spare,
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1 ๅˆ†ใ ใ‘ใฎไฝ™่ฃ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
06:53
you could learn something really useful:
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใ
06:56
click the link below.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:58
Now, let's have a look at your next headline please.
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ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:01
Yes. My next headline comes from The Daily Sabah and it reads:
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฎๆฌกใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ— ใฏ The Daily Sabah ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ›ธใ‹
07:15
That's 'show up' โ€” appear at a place.
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ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:19
So, 'show up' is a phrasal verb made up of two parts:
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€'show up' ใฏใ€'show' ใจ ' up' ใฎ 2 ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉž
07:23
'show' and 'up'.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:27
Now, let's break that down. I know about a 'show'.
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ใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆ†่งฃใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ€Œใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:30
A 'show' is something I might go and see in the West End,
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ใ€Œใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใ€ใจใฏใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒ่ธŠใฃใŸใ‚ŠๆญŒใฃใŸใ‚Š ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ฆใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆ ใ‚จใƒณใƒ‰ใง่ฆ‹ใซ่กŒใ
07:33
where people are dancing and singing and things like that.
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ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
07:36
Is it that kind of show we're talking about here?
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ใ“ใ“ใง่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็•ช็ต„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:38
No, it's not, Rob.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใƒญใƒ–ใ€‚
07:40
'Show' in this sense is connected to arrival, appearance.
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ใ“ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฎใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€ ใฏใ€ๅˆฐ็€ใ€ๅค–่ฆณใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:47
So, to 'show up' somewhere is to arrive or to appear in that place,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใฉใ“ใ‹ใซใ€Œ็พใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏ ใ€
07:55
often in a slightly unplanned way.
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ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐๅฐ‘ใ—่จˆ็”ปๅค–ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ€ใใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซๅˆฐ็€ใพใŸใฏ็พใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:58
So, for example, you might want to make a reservation in a restaurant,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐ ใ€ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚’ไบˆ็ด„
08:03
for example, and you phone up and you say:
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ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€้›ป่ฉฑใง
08:07
'Do I need a reservation or can I just show up?'
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ใ€Œไบˆ็ด„ใŒๅฟ…่ฆ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚็›ดๆŽฅๆฅใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:11
and that means arrive โ€” appear,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅˆฐ็€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™โ€”
08:15
as I said, without necessarily a, kind of, firm plan.
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็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ไธ€็จฎใฎ็ขบๅ›บใŸใ‚‹่จˆ็”ปใชใ—ใซ็พใ‚Œใ‚‹.
08:21
But, if you do have a plan and you're late,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไบˆๅฎšใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้…ๅˆปใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
08:22
then we can say you 'show up' late.
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้…ใ‚Œใฆใ€Œๅˆฐ็€ใ€ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
08:25
Yes, it can also be used, kind of, generally to mean arrive
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ใฏใ„ใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏใ€ๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใŸใ€้žๅ…ฌๅผใซๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใŸใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใ
08:28
and informally, as you just said then, if somebody arrived late,
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ้…ใ‚Œใฆๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
08:32
you could ask them why they have 'shown up' late
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ใชใœๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ้…ใ‚Œใฆใ€Œ็พใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใฎใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใƒใ‚นใŒใ€Œ็พใ‚ŒใŸใ€
08:35
or you could complain about a bus 'showing up' late.
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ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆไธๅนณใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅคœๆ›ดใ‹ใ—ใ€‚
08:40
Yeah. And I 'showed up' late for this recording, didn't I,
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„้ดใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ›ใณใ‚‰ใ‹ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใซ้…ใ‚Œใฆใ€Œ็พใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
08:43
because I was showing off my new shoes?
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ใ‹?
08:46
There's a few more meanings of 'show' there.
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ใ€Œshowใ€ใซใฏไป–ใซใ‚‚ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:49
A couple of meanings of 'show' there. So, we have the one
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'show' ใซใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€
08:51
we're talking about: to arrive, appear.
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ๅˆฐ็€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ๅ‡บ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:54
And then you've got 'show off', which means to...
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ใใ—ใฆใ€'show off' ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€...
08:58
well, kind of, display proudly something and it...
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ใพใ‚ใ€ ่ช‡ใ‚‰ใ—ใ’ใซ
09:03
What we see here is how we can have phrasal verbs
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่กจ็คบใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™.
09:07
that only alter in the second part โ€”
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09:10
the particle, the preposition part:
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ๅŠฉ่ฉž ใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†
09:12
the 'up', 'off', 'on', those parts โ€”
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: 'up'ใ€'off'ใ€'on'ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ† โ€”
09:14
and it radically changes the meaning.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏๆ นๆœฌ็š„ใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใพใ™.
09:17
It's just something you have to learn, I'm afraid.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅญฆใฐใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€็งใฏๆใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:20
And also a similar meaning for 'show up' is 'turn up', yeah?
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ใพใŸใ€ 'show up' ใฎๅŒๆง˜ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ 'turn up' ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
09:24
Yes, 'turn up' is the same as 'show up'.
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ใฏใ„ใ€'turn up' ใฏ 'show up' ใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:27
OK. Let's now have a summary:
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ่ฆ็ด„ใ‚’
09:37
Now, it's time to recap the words
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ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใงใฏใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใฃใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใจ่กจ็พใ‚’่ฆ็ด„ใ—ใพใ™
09:40
and expressions that we've talked about today please, Neil.
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ใ€‚ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:43
Yes, we looked at 'hardliners' โ€” people with strict views or beliefs.
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ใฏใ„ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œๅผท็กฌๆดพใ€ใ€ ใคใพใ‚ŠๅŽณๆ ผใช่ฆ‹่งฃใ‚„ไฟกๅฟตใ‚’ๆŒใคไบบใ€…ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:49
'Bars' โ€” officially prevents something from happening.
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ใ€Œใƒใƒผใ€ โ€” ๆญฃๅผใซ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’้˜ฒใŽใพใ™ใ€‚
09:53
And 'show up' โ€” appear at a place.
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ใใ—ใฆ 'show up' โ€” ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ็พใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
09:57
Now, if you want to test your understanding
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09:59
of these words and expressions,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚„่กจ็พใฎ
10:01
we have a quiz on our website
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็†่งฃๅบฆใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–
10:03
at bbclearningenglish.com.
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ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ bbclearningenglish.com ใงใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’็”จๆ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:05
And that's a good place to go to to check out
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
10:07
all our other Learning English resources.
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็งใŸใกใฎไป–ใฎ ๅญฆ็ฟ’่‹ฑ่ชžใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ่‰ฏใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™.
10:10
And don't forget โ€” we're on social media as well, so you can't miss us.
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ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œ ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซ ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใซใ‚‚ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€่ฆ‹้€ƒใ™ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:14
Right, that's all for today's News Review.
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ไปฅไธŠ ใ€ๆœฌๆ—ฅใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:16
Thank you so much for watching and we'll see you next time.
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใพใŸๆฌกๅ›žใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:19
Bye bye.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒใ‚คใ€‚
10:20
Goodbye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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