Is lack of access to water discriminatory? - BBC Learning English

24,525 views ใƒป 2021-10-27

BBC Learning English


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุชุชู… ุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ุง ุขู„ูŠู‹ุง.

00:00
This episode will show you how simply getting hold of water
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ุณุชูˆุถุญ ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ูƒูŠู ุฃู† ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุก
00:04
is often deeply unfair...
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ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑ ุนุงุฏู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ...
00:06
...and how campaigners are using the law to fight this.
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ูˆูƒูŠู ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู†ุดุทุงุก ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ู„ู…ุญุงุฑุจุฉ ุฐู„ูƒ.
00:11
We look at the relationships between race, gender and water...
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ู†ุญู† ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฌู†ุณ ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ...
00:16
and how the law can help overcome everyday discrimination.
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ูˆูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุฃู† ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุบู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠ.
00:20
Why fetching water usually falls to women,
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุน ุฌู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุนุงุชู‚ ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ุŒ
00:23
and how that furthers inequality...
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ูˆูƒูŠู ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ...
00:27
And the US state that had to pay $600 million
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ูˆุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงุถุทุฑุช ู„ุฏูุน 600 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ
00:31
after a town's water supply was poisoned...
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ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ุชู… ุชุณู…ูŠู… ุฅู…ุฏุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ููŠ ุจู„ุฏุฉ ู…ุง ...
00:41
Everyone needs water, but is the way we get it causing problems unfairly?
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ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชุณุจุจ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ุบูŠุฑ ุนุงุฏู„ ุŸ
00:47
In Sub-Saharan Africa, many houses don't have a water supply.
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ููŠ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุงู„ุตุญุฑุงุก ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ ุŒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฒู„ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฅู…ุฏุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡.
00:53
The organisation UNICEF says in 71% of those houses,
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ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ูŠุณู ุฅู† 71ูช ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฒู„ ุŒ
00:58
women or girls are mainly responsible for getting water.
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ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช ู‡ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุงุช ุจุดูƒู„ ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡.
01:03
That means long walks, carrying heavy loads.
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ู„ู…ุณุงูุงุช ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุŒ ูˆุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุซู‚ูŠู„ุฉ.
01:07
UNICEF estimates that women in Sub-Saharan Africa
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ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ูŠุณู ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ููŠ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุงู„ุตุญุฑุงุก
01:11
spend 16 million hours collecting water each day.
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ูŠู‚ุถูŠู† 16 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุณุงุนุฉ ููŠ ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู….
01:16
And this has implications for women's safety and health,
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ู‡ ุขุซุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุณู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ูˆุตุญุชู‡ุง ุŒ
01:21
a pattern repeated around the world.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู†ู…ุท ูŠุชูƒุฑุฑ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
01:24
Often they're vulnerable to attack.
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ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ู„ู‡ุฌูˆู….
01:27
And the weight they have to carry can be very damaging for their bodies.
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ูˆุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุญู…ู„ูˆู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุถุงุฑู‹ุง ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู„ุฃุฌุณุงุฏู‡ู….
01:31
As well as having to fetch water for their families,
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ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุถุทุฑุงุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุญุถุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ู„ุฃุณุฑู‡ู… ุŒ
01:35
when children or relatives get sick from consuming poor-quality water,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุงุฑุจ ุจุณุจุจ ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุฐุงุช ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ุฑุฏูŠุฆุฉ ุŒ ูุฅู†
01:41
it's the women who normally have to care for them.
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ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุง ูŠุถุทุฑุฑู† ู„ุฑุนุงูŠุชู‡ู†.
01:44
And all of this takes time away from opportunities
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ูˆูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุณุชุบุฑู‚ ูˆู‚ุชู‹ุง ุจุนูŠุฏู‹ุง ุนู† ูุฑุต
01:47
for education, leisure, or even sleep.
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ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุฑููŠู‡ ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู†ูˆู…. ุชุดุฑุญ
01:52
Amanda Loeffen from the campaign group Human Right to Water
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ุฃู…ุงู†ุฏุง ู„ูˆููŠู† ู…ู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุญู…ู„ุฉ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡
01:57
explains which laws deal with this problem.
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ุฃูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ.
01:59
There is an international treaty that protects women specifically.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุนุงู‡ุฏุฉ ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุชุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ.
02:04
It's from the Committee on the Elimination
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ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู† ู„ุฌู†ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุถุงุก ุนู„ู‰
02:08
of all forms of Discrimination against Women โ€“ CEDAW โ€“
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ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ุถุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ - ุณูŠุฏุงูˆ -
02:13
and it determines that impairing the enjoyment, by women,
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ูˆูŠู‚ุฑุฑ ุฃู† ุฅุนุงู‚ุฉ ุชู…ุชุน ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ
02:17
of human rights and fundamental freedoms is a form of discrimination.
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ุจุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆุงู„ุญุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุดูƒู„ ู…ู† ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ. ุชุญู…ูŠ
02:22
An international treaty and work by
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ู…ุนุงู‡ุฏุฉ ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุนู…ู„
02:24
the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women,
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ู„ุฌู†ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุถุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ุถุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุŒ
02:29
known as CEDAW, protects the rights of women.
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ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ุจุงุณู… ุณูŠุฏุงูˆ ุŒ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ.
02:33
How can anti-discrimination laws be used?
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ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ู…ูƒุงูุญุฉ ุงู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒุŸ
02:36
There's the formal route, which is when international organisations
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠ ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู…ู†ุธู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุฃู†
02:41
can exert pressure on states through official complaints systems,
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ุชู…ุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุดูƒุงูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠุฉ ุŒ
02:46
and in that you have that the different UN treaty committees
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ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ู„ุฌุงู† ู…ุนุงู‡ุฏุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
02:50
and advocacy forums like the Human Rights Council.
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ูˆู…ู†ุชุฏูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุตุฑุฉ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุฌู„ุณ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†.
02:54
But then, on a more informal basis, they can work to empower people
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุบูŠุฑ ุฑุณู…ูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู…ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
02:58
with education, capacity building,
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ุจุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูˆุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุงุช
03:01
and helping people to be aware of their rights and how to claim them.
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ูˆู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุฏุฑุงูƒ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ู‡ู… ูˆูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทุงู„ุจุฉ ุจู‡ุง. ูŠู…ูƒู†
03:05
International organisations can either put pressure
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ู„ู„ู…ู†ุธู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ุถุบุท
03:09
on states directly, by complaining to governments,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุŒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ุดูƒูˆู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ุŒ
03:12
or help people through education, so they understand their rights.
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ุฃูˆ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ูŠูู‡ู…ูˆุง ุญู‚ูˆู‚ู‡ู….
03:17
What does this education actually look like?
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ูƒูŠู ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŸ
03:21
At the community level, we can focus on empowering local people,
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ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู…ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ุณูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠูŠู†
03:25
helping them to be aware of their rights,
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ูˆู…ุณุงุนุฏุชู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุฏุฑุงูƒ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ู‡ู… ูˆูƒูŠููŠุฉ
03:28
how to promote human rights in their own communities
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ุชุนุฒูŠุฒ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุชู‡ู…
03:30
and how to claim them in a court of law if necessary.
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ูˆูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทุงู„ุจุฉ ุจู‡ุง ุฃู…ุงู… ู…ุญูƒู…ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู„ุฒู… ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ.
03:34
And much of the real change is happening at the very local level,
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ูˆูŠุญุฏุซ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุŒ
03:38
as communities take water service provision into their own hands
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ุญูŠุซ ุชุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุชูˆููŠุฑ ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุจุฃูŠุฏูŠู‡ุง
03:42
and find local solutions.
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ูˆุชุจุญุซ ุนู† ุญู„ูˆู„ ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉ.
03:44
This education means making things happen at a small scale:
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุทุงู‚ ุถูŠู‚:
03:50
making people understand they have a legal right to water,
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ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠูู‡ู…ูˆู† ุฃู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุญู‚ู‹ุง ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุŒ
03:54
and how they can actually go to court to get the water they need.
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ูˆูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญูƒู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆู† ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง.
03:59
So, does the law need to change to help vulnerable people get water?
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ุฅุฐู† ุŒ ู‡ู„ ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุถุนูุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ุŸ
04:05
To reach these people, the majority of the 2.2 billion
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ู„ู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุŒ ูˆู‡ู… ุฃุบู„ุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ 2.2 ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุดุฎุต
04:09
that are without safe water, there needs to be a constructive effort
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠูุชู‚ุฑูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญุฉ ู„ู„ุดุฑุจ ุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฌู‡ุฏ ุจู†ู‘ุงุก
04:13
to target vulnerable groups as a priority
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ู„ุงุณุชู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ูุฆุงุช ุงู„ุถุนูŠูุฉ ูƒุฃูˆู„ูˆูŠุฉ
04:16
and give them more attention.
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ูˆุฅุนุทุงุฆู‡ุง ู…ุฒูŠุฏู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู….
04:17
Otherwise they'll continue to be left out of the equation.
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ูˆุฅู„ุง ูุณูŠุณุชู…ุฑ ุงุณุชุจุนุงุฏู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ.
04:21
Amanda says more work needs to be done to target the vulnerable people
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ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู…ุงู†ุฏุง ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู„ุงุณุชู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู…ุณุชุถุนููŠู†
04:26
who don't have access to water,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆู† ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุŒ
04:29
so they aren't forgotten by the law.
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ุญุชู‰ ู„ุง ูŠู†ุณุงู‡ู… ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†.
04:32
Laws are there to help stop women being discriminated against,
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ุชูˆุฌุฏ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ุถุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ
04:36
when it comes to water.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡.
04:38
And water problems don't just happen in poorer countries.
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ูˆู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ู„ุง ุชุญุฏุซ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุงู„ูู‚ูŠุฑุฉ.
04:43
Let's look at the American town of Flint, in Michigan.
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏุฉ ูู„ูŠู†ุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุŒ ููŠ ู…ูŠุดูŠุบุงู†.
04:47
Flint is a majority African-American city,
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ูู„ูŠู†ุช ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฐุงุช ุฃุบู„ุจูŠุฉ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุŒ
04:51
where over 40% of the residents live in poverty.
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠุนูŠุด ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 40ูช ู…ู† ุณูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ูู‚ุฑ. ูˆุชูˆููŠ ู…ุง
04:55
And at least twelve people died there
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ู„ุง ูŠู‚ู„ ุนู† ุงุซู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑ ุดุฎุตู‹ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
04:59
after the water supply was poisoned with lead.
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ุจุนุฏ ุชุณู…ู… ุฅู…ุฏุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุจุงู„ุฑุตุงุต.
05:03
In 2014, to save money, the town switched its water supply
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ููŠ ุนุงู… 2014 ุŒ ู„ุชูˆููŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุŒ ุบูŠุฑุช ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฅู…ุฏุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡
05:08
and began taking it from the Flint River.
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ูˆุจุฏุฃุช ููŠ ุฃุฎุฐู‡ุง ู…ู† ู†ู‡ุฑ ูู„ูŠู†ุช. ูŠุฎุฑุฌ
05:12
Tap water sometimes came out blue or yellow,
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ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุตู†ุจูˆุฑ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุตูุฑ ุŒ
05:16
and many residents lost hair or developed rashes.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูƒุงู† ุดุนุฑู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ุฃุตูŠุจูˆุง ุจุทูุญ ุฌู„ุฏูŠ.
05:21
The water from the river was not treated properly
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ู„ู… ุชุชู… ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญ
05:24
and reacted with the city's pipes.
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ูˆุชูุงุนู„ุช ู…ุน ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ.
05:27
That reaction put lead, a powerful poison, into the water supply.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุฑุตุงุต ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุณู… ู‚ูˆูŠ ุŒ ููŠ ุฅู…ุฏุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡. ู†ูู‰
05:33
Local officials and leaders denied anything was wrong
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ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูˆู† ูˆุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูŠ ุฎุทุฃ
05:37
for over a year.
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ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู† ุนุงู…. ุฑูุน
05:39
Thousands of residents filed lawsuits against the state of Michigan.
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ุงู„ุขู„ุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูƒุงู† ุฏุนุงูˆู‰ ู‚ุถุงุฆูŠุฉ ุถุฏ ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ู…ูŠุดูŠุบุงู†.
05:44
The state agreed to pay a settlement of $600 million to the victims,
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ูˆูˆุงูู‚ุช ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฏูุน ุชุณูˆูŠุฉ ู‚ุฏุฑู‡ุง 600 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ู„ู„ุถุญุงูŠุง
05:50
mainly children, who were exposed to the toxic water.
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ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุชุนุฑุถูˆุง ู„ู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุณุงู…ุฉ.
05:54
The city has since switched back to using Detroit's water system.
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ุนุงุฏุช ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู†ุฐ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ููŠ ุฏูŠุชุฑูˆูŠุช. ุฃูˆุถุญุช
06:00
Water campaigner Meera Karunananthan
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ุงู„ู†ุงุดุทุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ู…ูŠุฑุง ูƒุงุฑูˆู†ุงู†ุงู†ุซุงู†
06:03
explained why some see what happened in Flint as discrimination.
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุฑู‰ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ุง ุญุฏุซ ููŠ ูู„ูŠู†ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ.
06:08
You see this level of criminal negligence and state abandon
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ุชุฑู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู‡ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฅุฌุฑุงู…ูŠ ูˆุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
06:12
in the United States only in cities like Flint,
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ู…ุฏู† ู…ุซู„ ูู„ูŠู†ุช ุŒ
06:16
which are predominantly poor and predominantly black โ€“
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃุบู„ุจูŠุฉ ูู‚ูŠุฑุฉ ูˆูŠุบู„ุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุณูˆุฏ - ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
06:19
that you wouldn't see this in wealthier, white neighbourhoods.
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ุฃู†ูƒ ู„ู† ุชุฑู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงุก ุงู„ุจูŠุถุงุก ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุซุฑุงุกู‹.
06:22
And the residents of Flint,
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ูˆุณูƒุงู† ูู„ูŠู†ุช ุŒ
06:25
who are now taking the state of Michigan
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุญุงูƒู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุขู† ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ู…ูŠุดูŠุบุงู†
06:28
and the city of Flint to court,
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ูˆู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูู„ูŠู†ุช ุŒ
06:30
are fighting for the human right to water.
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ูŠู‚ุงุชู„ูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุญู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡.
06:33
Campaigners say that this kind of thing
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ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู†ุดุทุงุก ุงู„ุญู…ู„ุฉ ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก
06:35
only happens in cities where mostly black people live
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ูŠุญุฏุซ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุนูŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูˆุฏ
06:40
and it wouldn't happen in mostly white cities in America.
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ูˆู„ู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู…ุฏู† ุงู„ุจูŠุถุงุก ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง.
06:44
Meera explained the importance of an agreement,
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ุฃูˆุถุญุช ู…ูŠุฑุง ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุงุชูุงู‚ูŠุฉ
06:47
or resolution, signed in 2015 at the United Nations.
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ุฃูˆ ู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุชู… ุงู„ุชูˆู‚ูŠุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2015 ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ. ููŠ
06:52
First time we had global consensus
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ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุญุตู„ู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุฌู…ุงุน ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ ุนู„ู‰
06:55
that water and sanitation were indeed human rights โ€“
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ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ูˆุงู„ุตุฑู ุงู„ุตุญูŠ ู‡ู…ุง ุญู‚ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† -
06:58
or access to water and sanitation were human rights.
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ุฃูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ูˆุงู„ุตุฑู ุงู„ุตุญูŠ ู…ู† ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†.
07:02
Since then, there's also been the Sustainable Development Goals,
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ู…ู†ุฐ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฏุงู…ุฉ ุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ
07:06
launched in 2015, that affirmed
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ุชู… ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ู‡ุง ููŠ ุนุงู… 2015 ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃูƒุฏุช
07:10
that all governments must provide universal access
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ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ุชูˆููŠุฑ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุงู„ุดุงู…ู„
07:13
ย  to water and sanitation by 2030.
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ูˆุงู„ุตุฑู ุงู„ุตุญูŠ ุจุญู„ูˆู„ ุนุงู… 2030.
07:17
Although it was officially recognised as a right in 2010,
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ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุนุชุฑุงู ุจู‡ุง ุฑุณู…ูŠู‹ุง ูƒุญู‚ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2010 ุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุงู„ุงุชูุงู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุทุงู‚ ูˆุงุณุน ุนู„ู‰
07:22
access to water was more widely agreed
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ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡
07:25
as a human right at the UN in 2015.
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ุญู‚ ู…ู† ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2015.
07:29
The Sustainable Development Goals say that
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ุชู†ุต ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฏุงู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡
07:32
all governments must provide access by 2030.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ุชูˆููŠุฑ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุจุญู„ูˆู„ ุนุงู… 2030.
07:37
But do countries listen to international laws about this?
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู„ ุชุณุชู…ุน ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุŸ
07:41
There's been a huge push to have national governments codify,
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ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฏูุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ ุชู‚ู†ู†
07:45
or recognise, the human right to water and sanitation in national law.
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ุฃูˆ ุชุนุชุฑู ุจุญู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ูˆุงู„ุตุฑู ุงู„ุตุญูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠ.
07:49
That's always very important because that's, you know,
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ู‡ุฐุง ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุŒ
07:53
the most powerful outcome
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ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
07:56
in terms of ensuring that local courts,
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ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุถู…ุงู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงูƒู… ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉ ุŒ
07:58
that national courts recognise the human right to water and sanitation.
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ุฃู† ุชุนุชุฑู ุงู„ู…ุญุงูƒู… ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ ุจุญู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ูˆุงู„ุตุฑู ุงู„ุตุญูŠ.
08:03
The international law does carry weight;
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ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ ูˆุฒู†ู‡.
08:05
it depends on the country and depends on the court.
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ูˆูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญูƒู…ุฉ. ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ
08:08
Getting national courts to follow international law
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ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูƒู… ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ ุชุชุจุน ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ
08:12
is the most important step.
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.
08:14
And there's been a big effort to make this happen.
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ูˆุจูุฐู„ุช ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุฐู„ูƒ.
08:17
How are people actually getting help with this issue?
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ูƒูŠู ูŠุญุตู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู„ุญู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŸ
08:21
There are multiple strategies that are being pursued โ€“
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุงุชุจุงุนู‡ุง -
08:25
many... often simultaneously,
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ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ... ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ุŒ
08:29
so you can go to court and you can, at the same time,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญูƒู…ุฉ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุŒ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุŒ
08:31
file a complaint with the Special Rapporteur.
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ุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ุดูƒูˆู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุฑ ุงู„ุฎุงุต.
08:34
You can also push for local policies: you can push for cities
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ุถุบุท ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉ: ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†
08:37
to recognise the human right to water and sanitation.
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ู„ู„ุงุนุชุฑุงู ุจุญู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ูˆุงู„ุตุฑู ุงู„ุตุญูŠ.
08:40
This is something we are pushing for in...
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ู‡ุฐุง ุดูŠุก ู†ุฏูุน ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ู‡ ... ุจุดูƒู„
08:43
increasingly through a project that we call the Blue Communities Project:
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ู…ุชุฒุงูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุงู„ุฒุฑู‚ุงุก:
08:47
we're calling for cities around the world to recognise
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุฏุนูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฏู† ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุนุชุฑุงู
08:50
the human right to water and sanitation.
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ุจุญู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ูˆุงู„ุตุฑู ุงู„ุตุญูŠ.
08:52
People try many different things: they go to court,
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ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ: ูŠุฐู‡ุจูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญูƒู…ุฉ ุŒ
08:56
they complain to the United Nations Special Rapporteur
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ูˆูŠุดูƒูˆู† ู„ู„ู…ู‚ุฑุฑ ุงู„ุฎุงุต ู„ู„ุฃู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ
09:00
and they campaign locally in their cities.
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ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุญู…ู„ุงุช ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฏู†ู‡ู….
09:04
Meera argues that the fact cases like Flint
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ุชุฌุงุฏู„ ู…ูŠุฑุง ุจุฃู† ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุซู„ ูู„ูŠู†ุช ุงู„ุชูŠ
09:08
only happen in largely black towns
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ุชุญุฏุซ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏู† ุฐุงุช ุงู„ุฃุบู„ุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงุก
09:10
shows water access is linked to racism.
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ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉ.
09:14
But she also talked about important bits of law that can help.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุชุญุฏุซุช ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนู† ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุณุงุนุฏ.
09:19
This includes the UN resolution from 2015.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุดู…ู„ ู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ู„ุนุงู… 2015.
09:23
And we've also seen that the first step
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
09:26
in overcoming discrimination is the law,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุชุบู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุŒ
09:29
which makes it clear that everyone should have the water they need.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูˆุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุญุตู„ ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡.
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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