Is lack of access to water discriminatory? - BBC Learning English

24,384 views ใƒป 2021-10-27

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
This episode will show you how simply getting hold of water
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ื”ืคืจืง ื”ื–ื” ื™ืจืื” ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžื™ื
00:04
is often deeply unfair...
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ื–ื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื•ื’ืŸ...
00:06
...and how campaigners are using the law to fight this.
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...ื•ืื™ืš ืคืขื™ืœื™ ืชืขืžื•ืœื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื–ื”.
00:11
We look at the relationships between race, gender and water...
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ืื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื–ืข, ืžื’ื“ืจ ื•ืžื™ื...
00:16
and how the law can help overcome everyday discrimination.
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ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืืคืœื™ื” ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช.
00:20
Why fetching water usually falls to women,
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ืœืžื” ื”ื‘ืืช ืžื™ื ื ื•ืคืœืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืฉื™ื,
00:23
and how that furthers inequality...
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ื•ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืงื“ื ืืช ืื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ...
00:27
And the US state that had to pay $600 million
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ื•ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ืฉื ืืœืฆื” ืœืฉืœื 600 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ
00:31
after a town's water supply was poisoned...
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืจืขืœื” ืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื™ื™ืจื” ...
00:41
Everyone needs water, but is the way we get it causing problems unfairly?
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ื›ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ื ืช ?
00:47
In Sub-Saharan Africa, many houses don't have a water supply.
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ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืกื”ืจื”, ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืืกืคืงืช ืžื™ื.
00:53
The organisation UNICEF says in 71% of those houses,
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ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ืกืฃ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘-71% ืžื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
00:58
women or girls are mainly responsible for getting water.
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ื ืฉื™ื ืื• ื‘ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืžื™ื.
01:03
That means long walks, carrying heavy loads.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช, ื ืฉื™ืืช ืžืฉืื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื.
01:07
UNICEF estimates that women in Sub-Saharan Africa
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UNICEF ืžืขืจื™ืš ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืกื”ืจื”
01:11
spend 16 million hours collecting water each day.
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ืžื‘ืœื•ืช 16 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื.
01:16
And this has implications for women's safety and health,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชืŸ ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื,
01:21
a pattern repeated around the world.
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ื“ืคื•ืก ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
01:24
Often they're vulnerable to attack.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืœื”ืชืงืคื”.
01:27
And the weight they have to carry can be very damaging for their bodies.
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ื•ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืืช ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื–ื™ืง ืžืื•ื“ ืœื’ื•ืคื.
01:31
As well as having to fetch water for their families,
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ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
01:35
when children or relatives get sick from consuming poor-quality water,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืžื™ื ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ื“ื”,
01:41
it's the women who normally have to care for them.
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืŸ ืืœื• ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”ืŸ.
01:44
And all of this takes time away from opportunities
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจื—ืง ืžื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช
01:47
for education, leisure, or even sleep.
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ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืคื ืื™ ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื™ื ื”.
01:52
Amanda Loeffen from the campaign group Human Right to Water
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ืืžื ื“ื” ืœื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืžื™ื
01:57
explains which laws deal with this problem.
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ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืื™ืœื• ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
01:59
There is an international treaty that protects women specifically.
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ื™ืฉ ืืžื ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืžื’ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
02:04
It's from the Committee on the Elimination
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ื–ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ
02:08
of all forms of Discrimination against Women โ€“ CEDAW โ€“
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ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืืคืœื™ื” ื ื’ื“ ื ืฉื™ื - CEDAW -
02:13
and it determines that impairing the enjoyment, by women,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื”ื ืื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืžื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช
02:17
of human rights and fundamental freedoms is a form of discrimination.
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ืื“ื ื•ื—ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืืคืœื™ื”.
02:22
An international treaty and work by
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ืืžื ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ
02:24
the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women,
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ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืคืœื™ื” ื ื’ื“ ื ืฉื™ื,
02:29
known as CEDAW, protects the rights of women.
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” CEDAW, ืžื’ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื.
02:33
How can anti-discrimination laws be used?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืืคืœื™ื”?
02:36
There's the formal route, which is when international organisations
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืคื•ืจืžืœื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื
02:41
can exert pressure on states through official complaints systems,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืจืฉืžื™ื•ืช,
02:46
and in that you have that the different UN treaty committees
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ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื
02:50
and advocacy forums like the Human Rights Council.
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ื•ืคื•ืจื•ืžื™ื ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื›ืžื• ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื.
02:54
But then, on a more informal basis, they can work to empower people
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ืื‘ืœ ืื–, ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ืคื•ืจืžืœื™, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืฆืžืช ืื ืฉื™ื
02:58
with education, capacity building,
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ืขื ื”ืฉื›ืœื”, ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช
03:01
and helping people to be aware of their rights and how to claim them.
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ื•ืขื–ืจื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืื•ืชืŸ.
03:05
International organisations can either put pressure
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ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืœื—ืฅ
03:09
on states directly, by complaining to governments,
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ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืœื•ื ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช,
03:12
or help people through education, so they understand their rights.
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ืื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื.
03:17
What does this education actually look like?
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ืื™ืš ื‘ืขืฆื ื ืจืื” ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื–ื”?
03:21
At the community level, we can focus on empowering local people,
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ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื”ืขืฆืžืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื,
03:25
helping them to be aware of their rights,
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ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
03:28
how to promote human rights in their own communities
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืงื“ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
03:30
and how to claim them in a court of law if necessary.
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ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš.
03:34
And much of the real change is happening at the very local level,
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ื•ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืžืื•ื“,
03:38
as communities take water service provision into their own hands
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื•ืงื—ื•ืช ืืช ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ื”ืŸ
03:42
and find local solutions.
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ื•ืžื•ืฆืื•ืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื.
03:44
This education means making things happen at a small scale:
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ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืงื˜ืŸ:
03:50
making people understand they have a legal right to water,
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ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืœืžื™ื,
03:54
and how they can actually go to court to get the water they need.
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ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
03:59
So, does the law need to change to help vulnerable people get water?
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ืื–, ื”ืื ื”ื—ื•ืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื?
04:05
To reach these people, the majority of the 2.2 billion
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืจื•ื‘ื ืฉืœ 2.2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“
04:09
that are without safe water, there needs to be a constructive effort
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืืžืฅ ื‘ื•ื ื”
04:13
to target vulnerable groups as a priority
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ืœืžืงื“ ืืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช
04:16
and give them more attention.
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ื•ืœืชืช ืœื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘.
04:17
Otherwise they'll continue to be left out of the equation.
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ืื—ืจืช ื”ื ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืฉื•ื•ืื”.
04:21
Amanda says more work needs to be done to target the vulnerable people
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ืืžื ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืงื“ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื
04:26
who don't have access to water,
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื,
04:29
so they aren't forgotten by the law.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื™ืฉื›ื—ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง.
04:32
Laws are there to help stop women being discriminated against,
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ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืคืœื™ื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื
04:36
when it comes to water.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ื.
04:38
And water problems don't just happen in poorer countries.
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ื•ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ืœื ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:43
Let's look at the American town of Flint, in Michigan.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืคืœื™ื ื˜, ื‘ืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ.
04:47
Flint is a majority African-American city,
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ืคืœื™ื ื˜ ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื”,
04:51
where over 40% of the residents live in poverty.
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ืฉื‘ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-40% ืžื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื ื™.
04:55
And at least twelve people died there
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ื•ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื• ืฉื
04:59
after the water supply was poisoned with lead.
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื•ืจืขืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืคืจืช.
05:03
In 2014, to save money, the town switched its water supply
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื›ืกืฃ, ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืืช ืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœื”
05:08
and began taking it from the Flint River.
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ื•ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื” ืžื ื”ืจ ื”ืคืœื™ื ื˜.
05:12
Tap water sometimes came out blue or yellow,
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ืžื™ ื‘ืจื– ื™ืฆืื• ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื™ื,
05:16
and many residents lost hair or developed rashes.
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ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืฉื™ืขืจ ืื• ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืคืจื™ื—ื•ืช. ืžื™
05:21
The water from the river was not treated properly
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ื”ื ื”ืจ ืœื ื˜ื•ืคืœื• ื›ืจืื•ื™
05:24
and reacted with the city's pipes.
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื• ืขื ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ.
05:27
That reaction put lead, a powerful poison, into the water supply.
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ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืขื•ืคืจืช, ืจืขืœ ืจื‘ ืขื•ืฆืžื” , ืœืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื™ื.
05:33
Local officials and leaders denied anything was wrong
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ืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉื• ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ
05:37
for over a year.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื”.
05:39
Thousands of residents filed lawsuits against the state of Michigan.
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ืืœืคื™ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ.
05:44
The state agreed to pay a settlement of $600 million to the victims,
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ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื” ืœืฉืœื ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉืœ 600 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช,
05:50
mainly children, who were exposed to the toxic water.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืฉื ื—ืฉืคื• ืœืžื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ืœื™ื.
05:54
The city has since switched back to using Detroit's water system.
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ืžืื– ื”ืขื™ืจ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื˜ืจื•ื™ื˜.
06:00
Water campaigner Meera Karunananthan
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ืคืขื™ืœืช ื”ืžื™ื ืžื™ืจื” ืงืืจื•ื ื ืชืŸ
06:03
explained why some see what happened in Flint as discrimination.
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ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืคืœื™ื ื˜ ืืคืœื™ื”.
06:08
You see this level of criminal negligence and state abandon
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ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉืœื ื•ืช ืคื•ืฉืขืช ื•ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ืžื“ื™ื ื”
06:12
in the United States only in cities like Flint,
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืจืง ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืคืœื™ื ื˜,
06:16
which are predominantly poor and predominantly black โ€“
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ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช -
06:19
that you wouldn't see this in wealthier, white neighbourhoods.
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ืฉืœื ืชืจืื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:22
And the residents of Flint,
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ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืคืœื™ื ื˜,
06:25
who are now taking the state of Michigan
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ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื›ืขืช ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ
06:28
and the city of Flint to court,
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ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ืคืœื™ื ื˜ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜,
06:30
are fighting for the human right to water.
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ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืžื™ื.
06:33
Campaigners say that this kind of thing
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ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”
06:35
only happens in cities where mostly black people live
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ืงื•ืจื” ืจืง ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื
06:40
and it wouldn't happen in mostly white cities in America.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
06:44
Meera explained the importance of an agreement,
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ืžื™ืจื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ื,
06:47
or resolution, signed in 2015 at the United Nations.
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ืื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”, ืฉื ื—ืชื ื‘ -2015 ื‘ืื•"ื.
06:52
First time we had global consensus
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ืคืขื ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช
06:55
that water and sanitation were indeed human rights โ€“
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ื›ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ืชื‘ืจื•ืื” ื”ืŸ ืื›ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื -
06:58
or access to water and sanitation were human rights.
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ืื• ืฉื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื ื•ืชื‘ืจื•ืื” ื”ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื.
07:02
Since then, there's also been the Sustainable Development Goals,
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ืžืื–, ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื,
07:06
launched in 2015, that affirmed
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ืฉื”ื•ืฉืงื• ื‘-2015, ืฉืืฉืจื•
07:10
that all governments must provide universal access
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ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืคืง ื’ื™ืฉื” ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช
07:13
ย  to water and sanitation by 2030.
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om ืœืžื™ื um um um um um ื•ืชื‘ืจื•ืื” ืขื“ 2030.
07:17
Although it was officially recognised as a right in 2010,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื• ื”ื•ื›ืจื” ืจืฉืžื™ืช ื›ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘-2010,
07:22
access to water was more widely agreed
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ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:25
as a human right at the UN in 2015.
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ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื“ื ื‘ืื•"ื ื‘-2015. ื™ืขื“ื™
07:29
The Sustainable Development Goals say that
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ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื ืื•ืžืจื™ื
07:32
all governments must provide access by 2030.
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ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืคืง ื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื“ 2030.
07:37
But do countries listen to international laws about this?
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”?
07:41
There's been a huge push to have national governments codify,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื“ื—ื™ืคื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื™ืงื‘ืขื•,
07:45
or recognise, the human right to water and sanitation in national law.
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ืื• ื™ื›ื™ืจื•, ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืžื™ื ื•ืชื‘ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ืœืื•ืžื™.
07:49
That's always very important because that's, you know,
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ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ื›ื™ ื–ื•, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
07:53
the most powerful outcome
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
07:56
in terms of ensuring that local courts,
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื,
07:58
that national courts recognise the human right to water and sanitation.
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ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื™ืจื• ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืžื™ื ื•ืชื‘ืจื•ืื”.
08:03
The international law does carry weight;
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ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืงืœ;
08:05
it depends on the country and depends on the court.
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ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜.
08:08
Getting national courts to follow international law
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ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™
08:12
is the most important step.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:14
And there's been a big effort to make this happen.
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืืžืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช.
08:17
How are people actually getting help with this issue?
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ืื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขื–ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”?
08:21
There are multiple strategies that are being pursued โ€“
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ -
08:25
many... often simultaneously,
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ืจื‘ื•ืช... ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื•-ื–ืžื ื™ืช,
08:29
so you can go to court and you can, at the same time,
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ื›ืš ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืชื•ื›ืœ, ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ,
08:31
file a complaint with the Special Rapporteur.
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ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชืœื•ื ื” ืœื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
08:34
You can also push for local policies: you can push for cities
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช: ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืขืจื™ื
08:37
to recognise the human right to water and sanitation.
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ื™ื›ื™ืจื• ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืžื™ื ื•ืชื‘ืจื•ืื”.
08:40
This is something we are pushing for in...
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื• ื“ื•ื—ืคื™ื ืืœื™ื•...
08:43
increasingly through a project that we call the Blue Communities Project:
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื "ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื•ืช":
08:47
we're calling for cities around the world to recognise
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ืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืขืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ
08:50
the human right to water and sanitation.
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ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืžื™ื ื•ืชื‘ืจื•ืื”.
08:52
People try many different things: they go to court,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื ื™ื: ื”ื ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜,
08:56
they complain to the United Nations Special Rapporteur
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ื”ื ืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื
09:00
and they campaign locally in their cities.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืกืข ืคืจืกื•ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
09:04
Meera argues that the fact cases like Flint
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ืžื™ืจื” ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžืงืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืคืœื™ื ื˜
09:08
only happen in largely black towns
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ืงื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื‘ืŸ
09:10
shows water access is linked to racism.
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ืžืจืื” ืฉื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช.
09:14
But she also talked about important bits of law that can help.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื™ืกื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.
09:19
This includes the UN resolution from 2015.
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ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืื•"ื ืžืฉื ืช 2015.
09:23
And we've also seen that the first step
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ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ื’ื ืฉื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
09:26
in overcoming discrimination is the law,
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ื‘ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืืคืœื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืง,
09:29
which makes it clear that everyone should have the water they need.
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ืฉืžื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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