Is lack of access to water discriminatory? - BBC Learning English

24,082 views ใƒป 2021-10-27

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
This episode will show you how simply getting hold of water
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์ด ์—ํ”ผ์†Œ๋“œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฌผ์„ ์†์— ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
00:04
is often deeply unfair...
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ๊ณตํ‰ํ•œ ์ผ์ธ์ง€...
00:06
...and how campaigners are using the law to fight this.
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...์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์— ๋งž์„œ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
We look at the relationships between race, gender and water...
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์ธ์ข…, ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
00:16
and how the law can help overcome everyday discrimination.
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๋ฒ•์ด ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
Why fetching water usually falls to women,
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์™œ ๋ฌผ ๊ธท๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋ณดํ†ต ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ ,
00:23
and how that furthers inequality...
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์‹ฌํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€...
00:27
And the US state that had to pay $600 million
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์„์˜ ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ํ›„ 6์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€
00:31
after a town's water supply was poisoned...
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...
00:41
Everyone needs water, but is the way we get it causing problems unfairly?
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๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ?
00:47
In Sub-Saharan Africa, many houses don't have a water supply.
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ง‘์— ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
The organisation UNICEF says in 71% of those houses,
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์œ ๋‹ˆ์„ธํ”„๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง‘์˜ 71%์—์„œ
00:58
women or girls are mainly responsible for getting water.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์†Œ๋…€๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ์„ ์–ป๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
That means long walks, carrying heavy loads.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ์ง์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ธด ์‚ฐ์ฑ…์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:07
UNICEF estimates that women in Sub-Saharan Africa
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์œ ๋‹ˆ์„ธํ”„๋Š” ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด
01:11
spend 16 million hours collecting water each day.
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๋งค์ผ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ธท๋Š” ๋ฐ 1,600๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
And this has implications for women's safety and health,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ ์ „
01:21
a pattern repeated around the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
Often they're vulnerable to attack.
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๊ณต๊ฒฉ์— ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
And the weight they have to carry can be very damaging for their bodies.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์งŠ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชธ์— ๋งค์šฐ ํ•ด๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์„
01:31
As well as having to fetch water for their families,
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๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:35
when children or relatives get sick from consuming poor-quality water,
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์นœ์ฒ™์ด ์งˆ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งˆ์…”์„œ ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
01:41
it's the women who normally have to care for them.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ๋ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
And all of this takes time away from opportunities
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด
01:47
for education, leisure, or even sleep.
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๊ต์œก, ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋นผ์•—์•„ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
Amanda Loeffen from the campaign group Human Right to Water
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์บ ํŽ˜์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน Human Right to Water์˜ Amanda Loeffen์€
01:57
explains which laws deal with this problem.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
There is an international treaty that protects women specifically.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ์กฐ์•ฝ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
02:04
It's from the Committee on the Elimination
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02:08
of all forms of Discrimination against Women โ€“ CEDAW โ€“
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์ฒ ํ ์œ„์›ํšŒ (CEDAW)์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
02:13
and it determines that impairing the enjoyment, by women,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด
02:17
of human rights and fundamental freedoms is a form of discrimination.
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์ธ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฐจ๋ณ„์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CEDAW๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฒ ํ์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜
02:22
An international treaty and work by
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๊ตญ์ œ์กฐ์•ฝ ๊ณผ ์ž‘์—…์€
02:24
the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women,
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02:29
known as CEDAW, protects the rights of women.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
How can anti-discrimination laws be used?
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์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ธˆ์ง€๋ฒ•์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
02:36
There's the formal route, which is when international organisations
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๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ํ•ญ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
02:41
can exert pressure on states through official complaints systems,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜
02:46
and in that you have that the different UN treaty committees
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์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ์—” ์กฐ์•ฝ ์œ„์›ํšŒ
02:50
and advocacy forums like the Human Rights Council.
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์™€ ์ธ๊ถŒ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜นํ˜ธ ํฌ๋Ÿผ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
But then, on a more informal basis, they can work to empower people
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ข€ ๋” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
02:58
with education, capacity building,
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๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต
03:01
and helping people to be aware of their rights and how to claim them.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
International organisations can either put pressure
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๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์— ํ•ญ์˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
03:09
on states directly, by complaining to governments,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ์ง์ ‘ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:12
or help people through education, so they understand their rights.
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๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
What does this education actually look like?
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์ด ๊ต์œก์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ง€์—ญ
03:21
At the community level, we can focus on empowering local people,
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์‚ฌํšŒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:25
helping them to be aware of their rights,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋•๊ณ  , ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ
03:28
how to promote human rights in their own communities
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์ธ๊ถŒ์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
03:30
and how to claim them in a court of law if necessary.
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๊ณผ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฒ•์›์—์„œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
And much of the real change is happening at the very local level,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์—ญ์  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:38
as communities take water service provision into their own hands
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03:42
and find local solutions.
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.
03:44
This education means making things happen at a small scale:
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์ด ๊ต์œก์€ ์ž‘์€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—์„œ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
03:50
making people understand they have a legal right to water,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ดํ•ด
03:54
and how they can actually go to court to get the water they need.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฒ•์ •์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ดํ•ด์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
So, does the law need to change to help vulnerable people get water?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์ด ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:05
To reach these people, the majority of the 2.2 billion
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04:09
that are without safe water, there needs to be a constructive effort
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ด ์—†๋Š” 22์–ต ๋ช… ์ค‘ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๋ ค๋ฉด ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ
04:13
to target vulnerable groups as a priority
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์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
04:16
and give them more attention.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๋Š” ๊ฑด์„ค์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
Otherwise they'll continue to be left out of the equation.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
Amanda says more work needs to be done to target the vulnerable people
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Amanda๋Š” ๋ฌผ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ
04:26
who don't have access to water,
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04:29
so they aren't forgotten by the law.
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๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์žŠํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ
04:32
Laws are there to help stop women being discriminated against,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ฐจ๋ณ„๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:36
when it comes to water.
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.
04:38
And water problems don't just happen in poorer countries.
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๋ฌผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
Let's look at the American town of Flint, in Michigan.
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๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋„์‹œ ํ”Œ๋ฆฐํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:47
Flint is a majority African-American city,
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ํ”Œ๋ฆฐํŠธ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜
04:51
where over 40% of the residents live in poverty.
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40% ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋นˆ๊ณคํ•œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ๋„์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
And at least twelve people died there
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ํ›„ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ตœ์†Œ 12 ๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:59
after the water supply was poisoned with lead.
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.
05:03
In 2014, to save money, the town switched its water supply
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2014๋…„์— ๋ˆ์„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งˆ์„์€ ๋ฌผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ”Œ๋ฆฐํŠธ ๊ฐ•์—์„œ
05:08
and began taking it from the Flint River.
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๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:12
Tap water sometimes came out blue or yellow,
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์ˆ˜๋—๋ฌผ์ด ํŒŒ๋ž—๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋…ธ๋ž—๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
05:16
and many residents lost hair or developed rashes.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ์ด ๋น ์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์ง„์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‹ค.
05:21
The water from the river was not treated properly
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๊ฐ•์˜ ๋ฌผ์€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
05:24
and reacted with the city's pipes.
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„์™€ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
That reaction put lead, a powerful poison, into the water supply.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋…๊ทน๋ฌผ์ธ ๋‚ฉ์ด ๋ฌผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
Local officials and leaders denied anything was wrong
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์ง€์—ญ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์€
05:37
for over a year.
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1๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
Thousands of residents filed lawsuits against the state of Michigan.
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:44
The state agreed to pay a settlement of $600 million to the victims,
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์ฃผ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์œ ๋…์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ํ”ผํ•ด์ž๋“ค, ์ฃผ๋กœ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ 6์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:50
mainly children, who were exposed to the toxic water.
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.
05:54
The city has since switched back to using Detroit's water system.
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์ดํ›„ ์‹œ๋Š” ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ „ํ™˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
Water campaigner Meera Karunananthan
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๋ฌผ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€์ธ Meera Karunananthan์€
06:03
explained why some see what happened in Flint as discrimination.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ”Œ๋ฆฐํŠธ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์„ ์ฐจ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ‘์ธ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” Flint์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋งŒ
06:08
You see this level of criminal negligence and state abandon
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ˜•์‚ฌ ๊ณผ์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
in the United States only in cities like Flint,
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06:16
which are predominantly poor and predominantly black โ€“
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06:19
that you wouldn't see this in wealthier, white neighbourhoods.
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
And the residents of Flint,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
06:25
who are now taking the state of Michigan
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ
06:28
and the city of Flint to court,
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์™€ ํ”Œ๋ฆฐํŠธ ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ•์ •์— ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ฆฐํŠธ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€
06:30
are fighting for the human right to water.
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๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
Campaigners say that this kind of thing
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์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ผ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ‘์ธ์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š”
06:35
only happens in cities where mostly black people live
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๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ
06:40
and it wouldn't happen in mostly white cities in America.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
Meera explained the importance of an agreement,
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Meera๋Š”
06:47
or resolution, signed in 2015 at the United Nations.
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2015๋…„ UN์—์„œ ์„œ๋ช…ํ•œ ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์˜์•ˆ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
First time we had global consensus
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
06:55
that water and sanitation were indeed human rights โ€“
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๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์œ„์ƒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ธ๊ถŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
or access to water and sanitation were human rights.
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์œ„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ์ธ๊ถŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ
07:02
Since then, there's also been the Sustainable Development Goals,
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์ดํ›„๋กœ 2015๋…„์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š”
07:06
launched in 2015, that affirmed
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07:10
that all governments must provide universal access
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€
07:13
ย  to water and sanitation by 2030.
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2030๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์œ„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹จ์–ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
Although it was officially recognised as a right in 2010,
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2010๋…„์— ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:22
access to water was more widely agreed
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๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋” ๋„๋ฆฌ ๋™์˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
as a human right at the UN in 2015.
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2015๋…„ UN์—์„œ ์ธ๊ถŒ.
07:29
The Sustainable Development Goals say that
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์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š”
07:32
all governments must provide access by 2030.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ 2030๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
But do countries listen to international laws about this?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ตญ์ œ๋ฒ•์— ๊ท€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
07:41
There's been a huge push to have national governments codify,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€
07:45
or recognise, the human right to water and sanitation in national law.
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๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์œ„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๋ฌธํ™”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
That's always very important because that's, you know,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
the most powerful outcome
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07:56
in terms of ensuring that local courts,
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์ง€๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›๊ณผ
07:58
that national courts recognise the human right to water and sanitation.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ•์›์ด ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์œ„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
The international law does carry weight;
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๊ตญ์ œ๋ฒ•์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
it depends on the country and depends on the court.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์™€ ๋ฒ•์›์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
Getting national courts to follow international law
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๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ฒ•์›์ด ๊ตญ์ œ๋ฒ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
08:12
is the most important step.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
And there's been a big effort to make this happen.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
How are people actually getting help with this issue?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:21
There are multiple strategies that are being pursued โ€“
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
many... often simultaneously,
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๋‹ค์ˆ˜... ์ข…์ข… ๋™์‹œ์—,
08:29
so you can go to court and you can, at the same time,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฒ•์›์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋™์‹œ์— ํŠน๋ณ„ ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ด€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:31
file a complaint with the Special Rapporteur.
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.
08:34
You can also push for local policies: you can push for cities
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์ง€์—ญ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€
08:37
to recognise the human right to water and sanitation.
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๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์œ„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ถ”์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
This is something we are pushing for in...
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
08:43
increasingly through a project that we call the Blue Communities Project:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ธ”๋ฃจ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ(Blue Communities Project)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ:
08:47
we're calling for cities around the world to recognise
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:50
the human right to water and sanitation.
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๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์œ„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
People try many different things: they go to court,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ•์›์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ ,
08:56
they complain to the United Nations Special Rapporteur
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UN ํŠน๋ณ„ ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ด€์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ญ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:00
and they campaign locally in their cities.
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, ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์ง€์—ญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
Meera argues that the fact cases like Flint
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Meera๋Š” Flint์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด
09:08
only happen in largely black towns
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์ฃผ๋กœ ํ‘์ธ ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
09:10
shows water access is linked to racism.
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๋ฌผ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
But she also talked about important bits of law that can help.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
This includes the UN resolution from 2015.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” 2015๋…„ ์œ ์—” ๊ฒฐ์˜์•ˆ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
And we've also seen that the first step
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š”
09:26
in overcoming discrimination is the law,
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09:29
which makes it clear that everyone should have the water they need.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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