Olympics: First transgender athlete: BBC News Review

40,682 views ใƒป 2021-06-22

BBC Learning English


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุชุชู… ุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ุง ุขู„ูŠู‹ุง.

00:00
Hello. Welcome to News Review from BBC Learning English.
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ู…ุฑุญุจู‹ุง. ู…ุฑุญุจู‹ุง ุจูƒ ููŠ News Review ู…ู† BBC Learning English.
00:04
I'm Tom and joining me this morning is Catherine. Good morning Catherine.
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ุฃู†ุง ุชูˆู… ูˆุงู†ุถู… ุฅู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตุจุงุญ ูƒุงุซุฑูŠู†. ุตุจุงุญ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ ูƒุงุซุฑูŠู†.
00:08
Hello Tom. Hello everybody.
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ู…ุฑุญุจุง ุชูˆู…. ู…ุฑุญุจุง ุฌู…ูŠุนุง.
00:09
Today's story is about athletics and it's from the Tokyo Olympics.
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ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุชุฏูˆุฑ ุญูˆู„ ุฃู„ุนุงุจ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‰ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ู…ุจูŠุงุฏ ุทูˆูƒูŠูˆ.
00:15
And don't forget โ€“ if you want to test yourself on the
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ูˆู„ุง ุชู†ุณ - ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑุบุจ ููŠ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู†ูุณูƒ ุนู„ู‰
00:17
vocabulary that we study today, there is a quiz
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ุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุฏุฑุณู‡ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุŒ ูู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู‚ุตูŠุฑ
00:20
at the website: bbclearningenglish.com.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ: bbclearningenglish.com.
00:24
Now, let's hear more about this
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุณู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡
00:26
story from a BBC radio news report:
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ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ู…ู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ุฅุฎุจุงุฑูŠ ู„ุฑุงุฏูŠูˆ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุณูŠ:
00:46
So, an athlete from New Zealand is to enter the Tokyo Olympics.
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ุฅุฐู† ุŒ ุณูŠุดุงุฑูƒ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠ ู…ู† ู†ูŠูˆุฒูŠู„ู†ุฏุง ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ู…ุจูŠุงุฏ ุทูˆูƒูŠูˆ.
00:51
Laurel Hubbard is a weightlifter. She is also transgender.
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ู„ูˆุฑูŠู„ ู‡ูˆุจุงุฑุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุฑุงูุน ุฃุซู‚ุงู„. ู‡ูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ุชุญูˆู„ุฉ ุฌู†ุณูŠุง.
00:56
She was born male and identifies now as female.
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ูˆู„ุฏุช ุฐูƒุฑุง ูˆุชุนุฑู ุงู„ุขู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฃู†ุซู‰. ุธู‡ุฑ
01:00
Hubbard is in the news because this is the first time
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ู‡ูˆุจุงุฑุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู†ุงูุณ ููŠู‡ุง
01:04
a transgender athlete has competed in the Olympics.
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ุฑูŠุงุถูŠ ู…ุชุญูˆู„ ุฌู†ุณูŠู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู„ุนุงุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู…ุจูŠุฉ.
01:08
Hubbard will be on the New Zealand women's team; in the past Hubbard
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ูˆุณุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆุจุงุฑุฏ ุถู…ู† ูุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏุงุช ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆุฒูŠู„ู†ุฏูŠ. ุชู†ุงูุณุช ู‡ูˆุจุงุฑุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ
01:13
has competed on men's teams, but this year it will be the women's team.
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ู…ุน ูุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู… ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ูุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏุงุช.
01:20
Now, we've got three words and expressions from the world's
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุซู„ุงุซ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูˆุชุนุงุจูŠุฑ ู…ู†
01:23
media that we can use to talk about this story, right?
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ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู… ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
01:26
Yes, we have: 'trans', 'brews' and 'polarising'.
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ู†ุนู… ุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง: "ุชุฑุงู†ุณ" ูˆ " ู…ุดุฑูˆุจุงุช" ูˆ "ุงุณุชู‚ุทุงุจ".
01:33
'Trans', 'brews' and 'polarising'. OK. Let's get going.
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"ุชุฑุงู†ุณ" ูˆ "ู…ุดุฑูˆุจุงุช" ูˆ "ุงุณุชู‚ุทุงุจ". ู†ุนู…. ู‡ูŠุง ุจู†ุง ู†ุฐู‡ุจ.
01:39
Catherine, can we have a look at your first headline please?
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ูƒุงุซุฑูŠู† ุŒ ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‚ุงุก ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆู„ ุนู†ูˆุงู† ู„ูƒ ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒุŸ
01:42
Yes, we're starting here in the UK with the Guardian โ€“ the headline:
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ู†ุนู… ุŒ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ู…ุน ุตุญูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุบุงุฑุฏูŠุงู† - ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ:
01:52
'Trans' โ€“ transgender. Very important word for today's story.
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"ุงู„ู…ุชุญูˆู„ูŠู† ุฌู†ุณูŠู‹ุง". ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
01:57
Catherine, what can you tell us?
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ูƒุงุซุฑูŠู† ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฎุจุฑู†ุงุŸ
01:58
OK. 'Trans' โ€“ T-R-A-N-S.
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ู†ุนู…. "ุชุฑุงู†ุณ" - T-R-A-N-S.
02:01
Yeah, it means transgender;
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ู†ุนู… ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุญูˆู„ูŠู† ุฌู†ุณูŠุง.
02:04
it's a short way of saying transgender. Let's look at 'trans':
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุชุญูˆู„ูŠู† ุฌู†ุณูŠุง. ู„ู†ู„ู‚ู ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุชุฑุงู†ุณ":
02:07
its wider meaning is over, across or through. We use it as a prefix.
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ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุน ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุฃูˆ ุนุจุฑ ุฃูˆ ุนุจุฑ. ู†ุญู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ูƒุจุงุฏุฆุฉ.
02:14
So, you can talk about something like a 'transatlantic flight'.
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุดูŠุก ู…ุซู„ "ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุงู„ุฃุทู„ุณูŠ".
02:18
If you take a plane from Europe to America, or America to Europe,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฃุฎุฐ ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุŒ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ุŒ
02:23
that's a 'transatlantic flight'; it crosses the Atlantic Ocean.
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ูู‡ุฐู‡ "ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุงู„ุฃุทู„ุณูŠ". ูŠุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุงู„ุฃุทู„ุณูŠ.
02:27
If you travel across Russia by train,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุณุงูุฑ ุนุจุฑ ุฑูˆุณูŠุง ุจุงู„ู‚ุทุงุฑ ุŒ ูู…ู†
02:29
you're probably on the 'Trans-Siberian Express',
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ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุฃู†ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุชู† ู‚ุทุงุฑ "Trans-Siberian Express" ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ
02:33
the train that travels all the way across Russia.
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ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณุงูุฑ ุนุจุฑ ุฑูˆุณูŠุง.
02:36
And we use it in words like 'transfer' or 'transmit'
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ูˆู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุซู„ "ู†ู‚ู„" ุฃูˆ "ุฅุฑุณุงู„"
02:40
to talk about going from one place to another.
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ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ.
02:44
So, back to 'transgender': if you change your gender or you have
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ุนุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ `` ุงู„ู…ุชุญูˆู„ูŠู† ุฌู†ุณูŠุงู‹ '': ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู…ุช ุจุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุฌู†ุณูƒ ุฃูˆ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ
02:50
a gender, a sex, that you feel is not the one you were born with โ€“ so,
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ุฌู†ุณ ุŒ ุฌู†ุณ ุŒ ุชุดุนุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูˆู„ุฏุช ู…ุนู‡ - ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ
02:54
you're a man who then lives as a woman or you were born
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ูุฃู†ุช ุฑุฌู„ ุชุนูŠุด ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒุงู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุฃูˆ ูƒู†ุช ูƒุฐู„ูƒ. ูˆู„ุฏุช
02:58
a woman and you live as a man โ€“ you are transgender.
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ุงู…ุฑุฃุฉ ูˆุชุนูŠุด ูƒุฑุฌู„ - ุฃู†ุช ู…ุชุญูˆู„ ุฌู†ุณูŠู‹ุง.
03:02
Now, that's a very simplified way of explaining transgender.
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุจุณุทุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู„ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ู…ุชุญูˆู„ูŠู† ุฌู†ุณูŠู‹ุง.
03:05
There are a lot of details and issues around transgenderism,
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุถุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠ ุŒ
03:10
which we don't have time to go into today, but 'trans' is short
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ูˆู‚ุช ู„ู„ุฏุฎูˆู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุงู„ุนุงุจุฑุฉ" ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ
03:13
for transgender and that's a brief summary of what it is.
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ู„ู…ุชุญูˆู„ูŠู† ุฌู†ุณูŠู‹ุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู„ุฎุต ู…ูˆุฌุฒ ู„ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡.
03:17
OK. So, transgender people โ€“ they kind of feel that their true nature
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ู†ุนู…. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู…ุชุญูˆู„ูŠู† ุฌู†ุณูŠุงู‹ - ูŠุดุนุฑูˆู† ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุง ุจุฃู† ุทุจูŠุนุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ
03:21
or gender identity doesn't match the sex
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ุฃูˆ ู‡ูˆูŠุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠุฉ ู„ุง ุชุชุทุงุจู‚ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌู†ุณ
03:24
that they were given at birth. Yes.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูˆูู„ุฏูˆุง ุจู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ. ู†ุนู….
03:26
Can you give us some examples of when we can use
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ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
03:28
'trans' or 'transgender' though, in a sentence, Catherine?
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"ุงู„ู…ุชุญูˆู„ูŠู† ุฌู†ุณูŠุงู‹" ุฃูˆ "ุงู„ู…ุชุญูˆู„ูŠู† ุฌู†ุณูŠุงู‹" ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ููŠ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ูŠุง ูƒุงุซุฑูŠู†ุŸ
03:31
Sure. So, in the case of Laurel Hubbard, we can say,
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ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูˆุฑูŠู„ ู‡ูˆุจุงุฑุฏ ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุŒ
03:34
'Laurel Hubbard is a transgender athlete,' or we can shorten it
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"ู„ูˆุฑูŠู„ ู‡ูˆุจุงุฑุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ู…ุชุญูˆู„ุฉ ุฌู†ุณูŠู‹ุง ุŒ" ุฃูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑู‡ุง
03:38
and say, 'Laurel Hubbard is a trans athlete.'
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ูˆุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุŒ "ู„ูˆุฑูŠู„ ู‡ูˆุจุงุฑุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ู…ุชุญูˆู„ุฉ ุฌู†ุณูŠู‹ุง".
03:42
Or we can say, 'Laurel Hubbard is transgender,'
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ุฃูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุŒ "ู„ูˆุฑูŠู„ ู‡ูˆุจุงุฑุฏ ู…ุชุญูˆู„ ุฌู†ุณูŠู‹ุง ุŒ"
03:45
or just: 'Laurel Hubbard is trans.'
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ุฃูˆ ูู‚ุท: "ู„ูˆุฑูŠู„ ู‡ูˆุจุงุฑุฏ ุนุงุจุฑุฉ".
03:48
So, 'trans' is an adjective. We could have a noun, like 'athlete' โ€“ so,
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ูุฅู† "trans" ู‡ูŠ ุตูุฉ. ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงุณู… ุŒ ู…ุซู„ "ุฑูŠุงุถูŠ" - ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ
03:52
'Laurel Hubbard โ€“ transgender athlete.'
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"ู„ูˆุฑูŠู„ ู‡ูˆุจุงุฑุฏ - ุฑูŠุงุถูŠ ู…ุชุญูˆู„ ุฌู†ุณูŠู‹ุง."
03:55
Or we could just say: 'Laurel Hubbard is transgender.'
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ุฃูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูู‚ุท: "ู„ูˆุฑูŠู„ ู‡ูˆุจุงุฑุฏ ู…ุชุญูˆู„ ุฌู†ุณูŠู‹ุง".
03:58
OK. Let's move on to our summary slide:
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ู†ุนู…. ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุฎุต:
04:09
OK. We're talking about the Tokyo Olympics.
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุง. ู†ุญู† ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุฃูˆู„ู…ุจูŠุงุฏ ุทูˆูƒูŠูˆ.
04:12
They're everywhere at the moment.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูˆู† ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ.
04:13
We did another broadcast on the Tokyo Olympics recently, right, Catherine?
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ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุจุซ ุขุฎุฑ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ู…ุจูŠุงุฏ ุทูˆูƒูŠูˆ ู…ุคุฎุฑู‹ุง ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุง ูƒุงุซุฑูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู‚ุฏ
04:17
We did โ€“ talking about the effects of climate change on the
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ูุนู„ู†ุง - ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู† ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุงุช ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ ุนู„ู‰
04:20
temperature in Tokyo and the result on athletes, potentially.
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ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ููŠ ุทูˆูƒูŠูˆ ูˆุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠูŠู†.
04:24
So, just click the link to watch.
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ูู‚ุท ุงุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ู„ู„ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉ.
04:26
Just click the link to watch. Great!
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ูู‚ุท ุงุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ู„ู„ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉ. ุนุธูŠู…!
04:30
OK. Catherine, let's have a look at your second headline today please.
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ู†ุนู…. ูƒุงุซุฑูŠู† ุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒ.
04:33
And we're in Canada now, with CBC โ€“ the headline:
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ูˆู†ุญู† ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ูƒู†ุฏุง ุŒ ู…ุน ู‚ู†ุงุฉ CBC - ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ:
04:45
'Polarising' โ€“ very divisive.
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"ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุทุงุจ" - ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
04:48
Catherine, tell us about 'polarising' please.
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ูƒุงุซุฑูŠู† ุŒ ุฃุฎุจุฑู†ุง ุนู† "ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุทุงุจ" ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒ.
04:51
Yes. It's spelt: P-O-L-A-R-I-S-I-N-G, if you're in the UK.
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ู†ุนู…. ูŠุชู… ุชู‡ุฌุฆุชู‡ุง: P-O-L-A-R-I-S-I-N-G ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ.
04:59
If you speak American English, it's spelt with a 'z' as it is
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุŒ ูุณูŠุชู… ุชู‡ุฌุฆุชู‡ุง ุจุญุฑู "z" ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงู„
05:03
in this headline, but the 'z' is an 's' in British English.
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ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุญุฑู "z" ู‡ูˆ "s" ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุฉ.
05:07
So, if something's 'polarising', it's very, very divisive.
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูŠุก ู…ุง "ู…ุณุชู‚ุทุจ" ุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
05:11
Let's talk about the word 'polar' to start with. Now Tom, if you go
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ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ู‚ุทุจูŠุฉ" ู„ุชุจุฏุฃ ุจู‡ุง. ุงู„ุขู† ุชูˆู… ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฐู‡ุจุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ุตู‰
05:17
as far north as you possibly can on this planet, where will you be?
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ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฅู…ูƒุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุŒ ูุฃูŠู† ุณุชูƒูˆู†ุŸ
05:22
I suppose I would be at the North Pole.
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ุฃูุชุฑุถ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุณุฃูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ูŠ.
05:25
You would. And if I go as far south as I possibly can,
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ุงู†ุช ุชุฑุบุจ. ูˆุฅุฐุง ุฐู‡ุจุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ุง ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ุŒ
05:30
I will be at the South Pole and can we go further apart?
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ูุณูˆู ุฃูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจูŠ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ุจุชุนุฏ ุฃูƒุซุฑุŸ
05:34
We could not physically be any further apart.
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ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ุฌุณุฏูŠู‹ุง ุจุนูŠุฏู‹ุง ุนู† ุจุนุถู†ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ.
05:38
OK. We'd be as far apart as it's possible to be,
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ู†ุนู…. ุณู†ูƒูˆู† ุจุนูŠุฏูŠู† ู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฅู…ูƒุงู† ุŒ
05:40
and I guess this is where we get the figurative use, right?
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ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฒูŠ ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
05:44
Exactly that. So, if you are at 'polar opposites',
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ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ุถุจุท. ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ "ุงู„ุฃุถุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุทุจูŠุฉ" ุŒ
05:48
which is a common expression, you have completely different opinions:
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุดุงุฆุน ุŒ ูู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุขุฑุงุก ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง: ู„ุง
05:52
there's nothing you can agree on about this particular topic.
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ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุดูŠุก ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุงุชูุงู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ.
05:56
So, if something is a 'polarising' topic,
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน "ุงุณุชู‚ุทุงุจูŠ" ุŒ
05:59
it makes people really have very, very, very different opinions.
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ูุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุนู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุขุฑุงุก ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุฌุฏู‹ุง.
06:03
And this is an example of Laurel Hubbard and competing on a female
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ูˆุฑูŠู„ ู‡ูˆุจุงุฑุฏ ูˆุชุชู†ุงูุณ ููŠ
06:07
team when her sex at birth was male: people have very,
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ูุฑูŠู‚ ู†ุณุงุฆูŠ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุฌู†ุณู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุฐูƒุฑู‹ุง: ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู…
06:12
very strong opinions โ€“ very different opinions.
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ุขุฑุงุก ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง - ุขุฑุงุก ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง.
06:14
So, this is a very 'polarising' topic.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุถูˆุน "ุงุณุชู‚ุทุงุจูŠ" ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
06:18
And we can use the verb as well, can't we?
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ูุนู„ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
06:20
'To polarise' โ€“ like a topic has the power to 'polarise' people...
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"ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุทุงุจ" - ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ "ุงุณุชู‚ุทุงุจ" ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ...
06:23
Yes. ...put them at
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ู†ุนู…. ... ุถุนู‡ู… ููŠ
06:25
different positions. Can you give us any
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ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ. ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง
06:27
more examples of when we could use 'polarising' or 'polarise'?
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ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุญูˆู„ ู…ุชู‰ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… "ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุทุงุจ" ุฃูˆ "ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุทุงุจ"ุŸ
06:32
Well, I mean there's many... we often see it in politics.
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ... ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู…ุง ู†ุฑุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ.
06:35
So, you could say that Donald Trump was a 'polarising character';
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุฏูˆู†ุงู„ุฏ ุชุฑุงู…ุจ ูƒุงู† "ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ู…ุณุชู‚ุทุจุฉ" ุ›
06:39
he polarised lots of people with his opinions.
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ุงุณุชู‚ุทุจ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุขุฑุงุฆู‡.
06:43
We have lots of 'polarising policies.' We can talk about current
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† " ุณูŠุงุณุงุช ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุทุงุจ". ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†
06:47
situations and arguments over, you know, Covid and the vaccine
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ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ู ูˆุงู„ุฌุฏุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠุฉ ุญูˆู„ ูƒูˆููŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญ
06:51
and the lockdown: all those are very 'polarising' topics.
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ูˆุงู„ุฅุบู„ุงู‚: ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุงุช "ุงุณุชู‚ุทุงุจูŠุฉ" ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
06:55
Recently, we had Brexit and there was very strong and very different
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ููŠ ุงู„ุขูˆู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุŒ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุขุฑุงุก ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ
06:59
opinions about Brexit. So, in politics and in your personal life,
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ุญูˆู„ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠ. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ูˆููŠ ุญูŠุงุชูƒ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ุŒ
07:03
we can talk about things that 'polarise' people.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ "ุชุณุชู‚ุทุจ" ุงู„ู†ุงุณ.
07:06
It means it makes them have really, really different opinions.
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุนู„ู‡ู… ูŠู…ุชู„ูƒูˆู† ุขุฑุงุก ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุญู‚ู‹ุง.
07:10
Brilliant. OK. Let's not 'polarise'; let's bring everything together
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ุจุงู‡ูุฑ. ู†ุนู…. ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู„ุง "ู†ุณุชู‚ุทุจ". ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุฌู…ุน ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ุนู‹ุง ูˆุฏุนู†ุง
07:14
and let's have our summary slide for this piece of lexis please:
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ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ุชู„ุฎูŠุตูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฌู… ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒ:
07:25
So, arguments in sports can be 'polarising': they can create strong
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุญุฌุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถุฉ "ุงุณุชู‚ุทุงุจูŠุฉ": ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฎู„ู‚
07:29
opinions. We have another News Review about an argument in sport, right?
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ุขุฑุงุก ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ. ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ุฅุฎุจุงุฑูŠ ุขุฎุฑ ุญูˆู„ ุฌุฏุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถุฉ ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
07:33
We do. This one's all about Nike and advertising.
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ู†ุญู† ู†ูุนู„. ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุนู† Nike ูˆุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู†.
07:37
To find out what happened, just click the link.
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ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู…ุง ุญุฏุซ ุŒ ูู‚ุท ุงุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท.
07:40
Just click that link. Alright โ€“ excellent! Catherine,
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ูู‚ุท ุงุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท. ุญุณู†ู‹ุง - ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ! ูƒุงุซุฑูŠู† ุŒ
07:43
let's have a look at your third piece of language for today please.
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ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู…ู† ู„ุบุชูƒ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒ.
07:47
Yes, we are now going to India.
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ู†ุนู… ุŒ ู†ุญู† ู†ุฐู‡ุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ.
07:49
We're in The Indian Express and the headline is:
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ู†ุญู† ููŠ The Indian Express ูˆุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ู‡ูˆ:
08:00
OK. 'Brews' โ€“ becomes stronger.
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุง. "ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุจุงุช" - ูŠุตุจุญ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰.
08:03
Catherine, what can you tell us about the word 'brews'?
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ูƒุงุซุฑูŠู† ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฎุจุฑู†ุง ุนู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ู…ุดุฑูˆุจุงุช"ุŸ
08:07
It's a verb: B-R-E-W-S.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ูุนู„: B-R-E-W-S.
08:10
And if something 'brews', it becomes stronger.
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ุญุฏุซ "ุชุฎู…ูŠุฑ" ุดูŠุก ู…ุง ุŒ ูุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุตุจุญ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰.
08:13
Now Tom, you are fond of a cup of tea, aren't you?
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ุงู„ุขู† ุชูˆู… ุŒ ุฃู†ุช ู…ุบุฑู… ุจูู†ุฌุงู† ุดุงูŠ ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
08:17
I have a cup of tea right now, yes. ย 
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ู„ุฏูŠ ูƒูˆุจ ุดุงูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ู†ุนู….
08:19
And how do you like your tea... Don't tell the boss!
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ูˆูƒูŠู ุชุญุจ ุงู„ุดุงูŠ ... ู„ุง ุชุฎุจุฑ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ!
08:22
... weak or strong?
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... ุถุนูŠู ุฃู… ู‚ูˆูŠุŸ
08:24
I mean, it depends. Sometimes, I leave the teabag in 'to brew'.
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ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ. ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุŒ ุฃุชุฑูƒ ูƒูŠุณ ุงู„ุดุงูŠ ููŠ "ู„ุชุญุถูŠุฑู‡".
08:29
'To brew' โ€“ that's right. So, if you make a cup of tea and
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"ู„ู„ุชุฎู…ูŠุฑ" - ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญ. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุตู†ุนุช ูƒูˆุจู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุงูŠ
08:33
you leave your teabag or your tea leaves in the water for a long time,
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ูˆุชุฑูƒุช ูƒูŠุณ ุงู„ุดุงูŠ ุฃูˆ ุฃูˆุฑุงู‚ ุงู„ุดุงูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุŒ ูุฅู†
08:38
the tea 'brews' for longer and longer โ€“ gets stronger and stronger.
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ุงู„ุดุงูŠ "ูŠุฎุชู…ุฑ" ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุฃุทูˆู„ - ูŠุตุจุญ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ูˆุฃู‚ูˆู‰.
08:43
So 'brewing' is the process of creating tea,
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† "ุงู„ุชุฎู…ูŠุฑ" ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุดุงูŠ ุŒ
08:47
or we also use it with beer: you can 'brew' beer, the alcoholic drink.
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ุฃูˆ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุจูŠุฑุฉ: ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ "ุชุญุถูŠุฑ" ุงู„ุจูŠุฑุฉ ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ูŠ.
08:52
And the longer you leave it, the stronger it gets.
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ูˆูƒู„ู…ุง ุชุฑูƒุชู‡ ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุฃุทูˆู„ ุŒ ุฃุตุจุญ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰.
08:56
Now, bring that back to the idea of arguments, controversial topics:
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุฃุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญุฌุฌ ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุฏู„:
09:01
if controversy is 'brewing', it's getting stronger.
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฌุฏู„ `` ูŠุชุฎู…ุฑ '' ุŒ ูุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุตุจุญ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰.
09:06
And I guess we... when we make beer
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ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู†ุง ... ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุจูŠุฑุฉ
09:08
or when we make tea, we add heat as well, don't we?
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ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุดุงูŠ ุŒ ู†ุถูŠู ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
09:10
So, we could say it's getting more heated as well.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูŠุฒุฏุงุฏ ุณุฎูˆู†ุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
09:13
It can be, yes. I think you're... you definitely need heat when
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุŒ ู†ุนู…. ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ูƒ ... ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏ
09:17
you make tea, and a little bit of warmth for beer, but yes โ€“ it's
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ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุดุงูŠ ุŒ ูˆู‚ู„ูŠู„ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูุก ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุฑุฉ ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู†ุนู… - ุฅู†ู‡ุง
09:19
that idea of getting hotter and stronger and developing over time.
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ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃู† ุชุตุจุญ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุณุฎูˆู†ุฉ ูˆุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ูˆุชุชุทูˆุฑ ุจู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช.
09:25
So, we use in everyday English for negative things: controversy,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุณู„ุจูŠุฉ: ุงู„ุฌุฏู„
09:30
arguments, disagreements. When you know that they're coming and
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ูˆุงู„ุญุฌุฌ ูˆุงู„ุฎู„ุงูุงุช. ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุนู„ู… ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู‚ุงุฏู…ูˆู† ูˆุฃู†ู‡ู…
09:34
they're getting stronger and people are talking about it and they're...
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ูŠุฒุฏุงุฏูˆู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ูˆูŠุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆู‡ู… ... ูƒู…ุง
09:37
you know, an argument's about to develop and explode,
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ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุฌุฏุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุดูƒ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ูˆุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุŒ
09:41
you get that feeling that it's coming: it's 'brewing'.
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ูŠู†ุชุงุจูƒ ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุงุฏู…: ุฅู†ู‡ "ุชุฎุชู…ุฑ" .
09:45
OK. Fantastic! That's the verb 'to brew' and we also have a noun form,
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ู†ุนู…. ุฑุงุฆุน! ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุนู„ "to brew" ูˆู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงุณู…ูŠุฉ ุŒ
09:49
don't we, which is a bit more basic and slightly different?
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ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ ุฃูŠู‡ู…ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ู ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ุŸ
09:52
A cup of tea โ€“ let's have a 'brew'.
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ูƒูˆุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุงูŠ - ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุชู†ุงูˆู„ "ุงู„ุดุฑุงุจ".
09:55
Let's have a 'brew'. Yeah, a 'brew' just means a hot drink in the UK,
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุชู†ุงูˆู„ "ุงู„ุดุฑุงุจ". ู†ุนู… ุŒ "ุงู„ุดุฑุงุจ" ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู‚ุท ู…ุดุฑูˆุจู‹ุง ุณุงุฎู†ู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุŒ
10:00
so you could say, 'Make me a brew.' Or โ€“ it's not grammatically correct,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุŒ "ุงุฌุนู„ู†ูŠ ู…ุดุฑูˆุจู‹ุง." ุฃูˆ - ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุตุญูŠุญู‹ุง ู†ุญูˆูŠู‹ุง ุŒ
10:04
but we always say, 'Make us a brew,' which just means...
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ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุŒ "ุงุฌุนู„ู†ุง ู…ุดุฑูˆุจู‹ุง ุŒ" ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู‚ุท ...
10:07
'Make us a brew'... ...go make me a cup of tea.
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"ุงุฌุนู„ู†ุง ู…ุดุฑูˆุจู‹ุง" ... ุงุฐู‡ุจ ูˆุฃุนุฏ ู„ูŠ ูƒูˆุจู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุงูŠ.
10:09
...particularly in the north of England. I think, in the south, less so.
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... ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุดู…ุงู„ ุฅู†ุฌู„ุชุฑุง. ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุŒ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ.
10:12
Particularly in our homeland, eh Catherine?
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ุฎุตูˆุตุงู‹ ููŠ ูˆุทู†ู†ุง ุฅูŠู‡ ูƒุงุชุฑูŠู†ุŸ
10:14
Yeah. Up in the North.
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ู†ุนู…. ููŠ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„.
10:16
'Up North' โ€“ go home for a nice 'brew'.
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"Up North" - ุงุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ู„ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ู…ุดุฑูˆุจ ู„ุทูŠู.
10:19
OK. Right, I'm going to go make a 'brew'.
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ู†ุนู…. ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ุณุฃุฐู‡ุจ ู„ุนู…ู„ "ุดุฑุงุจ".
10:21
While I do that, let's have that summary slide please:
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ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุฎุต ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒ:
10:33
OK. Catherine, can we have a recap of today's vocabulary please?
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุง. ูƒุงุซุฑูŠู† ุŒ ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ู„ุฎุต ู…ูุฑุฏุงุช ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒุŸ
10:37
Yes, we started with 'trans', which means transgender.
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ู†ุนู… ุŒ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุจู€ "ุงู„ู…ุชุญูˆู„ูŠู† ุฌู†ุณูŠุงู‹" ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุญูˆู„ูŠู† ุฌู†ุณูŠุงู‹.
10:41
Then we had 'polarising', meaning very divisive.
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ุซู… ุฃุตุจุญ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง "ุงุณุชู‚ุทุงุจ" ุŒ ุฃูŠ ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุจุดุฏุฉ.
10:45
And we finished on 'brews', which means becomes stronger.
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ูˆุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† "ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุจุงุช" ุŒ ู…ู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ูŠุตุจุญ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰.
10:50
Fantastic! Thank you Catherine. OK.
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ุฑุงุฆุน! ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒ ูƒุงุซุฑูŠู†. ู†ุนู….
10:52
That's all from us today. Thanks for being here.
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ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…. ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏูƒู… ู‡ู†ุง.
10:55
See you next time. And goodbye.
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ุฃุฑุงูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ. ูˆุฏุงุนุง.
10:57
Bye!
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ุงู„ูˆุฏุงุน!
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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