Olympics: First transgender athlete: BBC News Review

40,582 views ใƒป 2021-06-22

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
Hello. Welcome to News Review from BBC Learning English.
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ืฉืœื•ื. ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœ-News Review ืžื‘ื™ืช BBC Learning English.
00:04
I'm Tom and joining me this morning is Catherine. Good morning Catherine.
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ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืืœื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ื™ื ืงืชืจื™ืŸ. ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืงืชืจื™ืŸ.
00:08
Hello Tom. Hello everybody.
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ืฉืœื•ื ื˜ื•ื. ืฉืœื•ื ืœื›ื•ืœื.
00:09
Today's story is about athletics and it's from the Tokyo Olympics.
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืืชืœื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ืช ื˜ื•ืงื™ื•.
00:15
And don't forget โ€“ if you want to test yourself on the
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ื•ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื• โ€“ ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ
00:17
vocabulary that we study today, there is a quiz
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ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื, ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ
00:20
at the website: bbclearningenglish.com.
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ื‘ืืชืจ: bbclearningenglish.com.
00:24
Now, let's hear more about this
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉืžืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ
00:26
story from a BBC radio news report:
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื—ื“ืฉื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”-BBC:
00:46
So, an athlete from New Zealand is to enter the Tokyo Olympics.
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ืื–, ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ ืžื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ืช ื˜ื•ืงื™ื•.
00:51
Laurel Hubbard is a weightlifter. She is also transgender.
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ืœื•ืจืœ ื”ืื‘ืจื“ ื”ื™ื ืžืจื™ื ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื˜ืจื ืกื’'ื ื“ืจื™ืช.
00:56
She was born male and identifies now as female.
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ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื–ื›ืจ ื•ืžื–ื“ื”ื” ื›ืขืช ื›ื ืงื‘ื”.
01:00
Hubbard is in the news because this is the first time
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ื”ืื‘ืจื“ ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
01:04
a transgender athlete has competed in the Olympics.
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ืฉืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ ื˜ืจื ืกื’'ื ื“ืจ ืžืชื—ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ื”.
01:08
Hubbard will be on the New Zealand women's team; in the past Hubbard
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ื”ืื‘ืจื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ; ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืื‘ืจื“
01:13
has competed on men's teams, but this year it will be the women's team.
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ื”ืชื—ืจื” ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื.
01:20
Now, we've got three words and expressions from the world's
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื
01:23
media that we can use to talk about this story, right?
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ืžื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
01:26
Yes, we have: 'trans', 'brews' and 'polarising'.
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ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•: 'ื˜ืจื ืก', 'ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื' ื•'ืงื•ื˜ื‘'.
01:33
'Trans', 'brews' and 'polarising'. OK. Let's get going.
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'ื˜ืจื ืก', 'ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื' ื•'ืงื•ื˜ื‘'. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฆื ืœื“ืจืš.
01:39
Catherine, can we have a look at your first headline please?
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ืงืชืจื™ืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”?
01:42
Yes, we're starting here in the UK with the Guardian โ€“ the headline:
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืขื ื”ื’ืจื“ื™ืืŸ - ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช:
01:52
'Trans' โ€“ transgender. Very important word for today's story.
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'ื˜ืจื ืก' - ื˜ืจื ืกื’'ื ื“ืจ. ืžื™ืœื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:57
Catherine, what can you tell us?
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ืงืชืจื™ืŸ, ืžื” ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื ื•?
01:58
OK. 'Trans' โ€“ T-R-A-N-S.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. 'ื˜ืจื ืก' โ€“ ืช-ืจ-ื-ื -ืฉ.
02:01
Yeah, it means transgender;
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื˜ืจื ืกื’'ื ื“ืจ;
02:04
it's a short way of saying transgender. Let's look at 'trans':
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ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ืงืฆืจื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื˜ืจื ืกื’'ื ื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ 'ื˜ืจื ืก':
02:07
its wider meaning is over, across or through. We use it as a prefix.
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื• ื ื’ืžืจื”, ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ ืื• ื“ืจืš. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืงื™ื“ื•ืžืช.
02:14
So, you can talk about something like a 'transatlantic flight'.
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ืื–, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• 'ื˜ื™ืกื” ื˜ืจื ืก-ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ืช'.
02:18
If you take a plane from Europe to America, or America to Europe,
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ืื ืืชื” ืœื•ืงื— ืžื˜ื•ืก ืžืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืœืืžืจื™ืงื”, ืื• ืžืืžืจื™ืงื” ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื”,
02:23
that's a 'transatlantic flight'; it crosses the Atlantic Ocean.
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ื–ื• 'ื˜ื™ืกื” ื˜ืจื ืก-ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ืช'; ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™.
02:27
If you travel across Russia by train,
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ืื ืืชื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช,
02:29
you're probably on the 'Trans-Siberian Express',
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืืชื ื‘'ื˜ืจื ืก-ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจื™ ืืงืกืคืจืก',
02:33
the train that travels all the way across Russia.
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ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ืกืขืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืจื•ืกื™ื”.
02:36
And we use it in words like 'transfer' or 'transmit'
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• 'ื”ืขื‘ืจื”' ืื• 'ืฉื“ืจ'
02:40
to talk about going from one place to another.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื.
02:44
So, back to 'transgender': if you change your gender or you have
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ืื–, ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœ'ื˜ืจื ืกื’'ื ื“ืจ': ืื ืืชื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื’ื“ืจ ืฉืœืš ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš
02:50
a gender, a sex, that you feel is not the one you were born with โ€“ so,
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ืžื™ืŸ, ืžื™ืŸ, ืฉืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื–ื” ืฉื ื•ืœื“ืช ืื™ืชื• - ืื–
02:54
you're a man who then lives as a woman or you were born
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ืืชื” ื’ื‘ืจ ืฉื—ื™ ืื– ื›ืื™ืฉื” ืื• ื”ื™ื™ืช ื ื•ืœื“ื”
02:58
a woman and you live as a man โ€“ you are transgender.
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ืื™ืฉื” ื•ืืชื” ื—ื™ ื›ื’ื‘ืจ - ืืชื” ื˜ืจื ืกื’'ื ื“ืจ.
03:02
Now, that's a very simplified way of explaining transgender.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื˜ืจื ืกื’'ื ื“ืจ.
03:05
There are a lot of details and issues around transgenderism,
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื˜ืจื ืกื’'ื ื“ืจื™ื•ืช,
03:10
which we don't have time to go into today, but 'trans' is short
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื‘ืœ 'ื˜ืจื ืก' ื”ื•ื ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ
03:13
for transgender and that's a brief summary of what it is.
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ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื ืกื’'ื ื“ืจ ื•ื–ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืงืฆืจ ืฉืœ ืžื” ื–ื”.
03:17
OK. So, transgender people โ€“ they kind of feel that their true nature
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื˜ืจื ืกื’'ื ื“ืจื™ื - ื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื˜ื‘ืขื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™
03:21
or gender identity doesn't match the sex
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ืื• ื–ื”ื•ืชื ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ืื™ื ื ืชื•ืืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืŸ
03:24
that they were given at birth. Yes.
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ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ื ื‘ืœื™ื“ื”. ื›ืŸ. ื”ืื
03:26
Can you give us some examples of when we can use
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ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžืชื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ
03:28
'trans' or 'transgender' though, in a sentence, Catherine?
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ื‘'ื˜ืจื ืก' ืื• 'ื˜ืจื ืกื’'ื ื“ืจ', ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜, ืงืชืจื™ืŸ?
03:31
Sure. So, in the case of Laurel Hubbard, we can say,
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ื‘ื˜ื•ื—. ืื–, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืœื•ืจืœ ื”ืื‘ืจื“, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ,
03:34
'Laurel Hubbard is a transgender athlete,' or we can shorten it
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'ืœื•ืจืœ ื”ืื‘ืจื“ ื”ื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ืช ื˜ืจื ืกื’'ื ื“ืจื™ืช', ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืฆืจ ืืช ื–ื”
03:38
and say, 'Laurel Hubbard is a trans athlete.'
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ื•ืœื•ืžืจ, 'ืœื•ืจืœ ื”ืื‘ืจื“ ื”ื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ืช ื˜ืจื ืก'.
03:42
Or we can say, 'Laurel Hubbard is transgender,'
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ืื• ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ, 'ืœื•ืจืœ ื”ืื‘ืจื“ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืจื ืกื’'ื ื“ืจื™ืช',
03:45
or just: 'Laurel Hubbard is trans.'
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ืื• ืกืชื: 'ืœื•ืจืœ ื”ืื‘ืจื“ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืจื ืกื™ืช'.
03:48
So, 'trans' is an adjective. We could have a noun, like 'athlete' โ€“ so,
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ืื–, 'ื˜ืจื ืก' ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ. ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ืฉื ืขืฆื, ื›ืžื• 'ืืชืœื˜' - ืื–
03:52
'Laurel Hubbard โ€“ transgender athlete.'
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'ืœื•ืจืœ ื”ืื‘ืจื“ - ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ ื˜ืจื ืกื’'ื ื“ืจ'.
03:55
Or we could just say: 'Laurel Hubbard is transgender.'
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ืื• ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื•ืžืจ: 'ืœื•ืจืœ ื”ืื‘ืจื“ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืจื ืกื’'ื ื“ืจื™ืช'.
03:58
OK. Let's move on to our summary slide:
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•:
04:09
OK. We're talking about the Tokyo Olympics.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ืช ื˜ื•ืงื™ื•.
04:12
They're everywhere at the moment.
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ื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ืจื’ืข.
04:13
We did another broadcast on the Tokyo Olympics recently, right, Catherine?
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ืช ื˜ื•ืงื™ื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืงืชืจื™ืŸ?
04:17
We did โ€“ talking about the effects of climate change on the
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• - ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืขืœ
04:20
temperature in Tokyo and the result on athletes, potentially.
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ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื•ืงื™ื• ื•ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืขืœ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื, ืื•ืœื™.
04:24
So, just click the link to watch.
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ืื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืคื•ืช.
04:26
Just click the link to watch. Great!
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืคื•ืช. ื’ื“ื•ืœ!
04:30
OK. Catherine, let's have a look at your second headline today please.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืงืชืจื™ืŸ, ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
04:33
And we're in Canada now, with CBC โ€“ the headline:
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืงื ื“ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืขื CBC - ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช:
04:45
'Polarising' โ€“ very divisive.
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'ืงื•ื˜ื‘' - ืžืื•ื“ ืžืคืฆืœืช.
04:48
Catherine, tell us about 'polarising' please.
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ืงืชืจื™ืŸ, ืกืคืจื™ ืœื ื• ืขืœ 'ืงื™ื˜ื•ื‘' ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
04:51
Yes. It's spelt: P-O-L-A-R-I-S-I-N-G, if you're in the UK.
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ื›ืŸ. ื–ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘: P-O-L-A-R-I-S-I-N-G, ืื ืืชื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.
04:59
If you speak American English, it's spelt with a 'z' as it is
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ืื ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื™ืช ื‘-'z' ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืคื™ืข
05:03
in this headline, but the 'z' is an 's' in British English.
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ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื–ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”-'z' ื”ื•ื 's' ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช.
05:07
So, if something's 'polarising', it's very, very divisive.
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ืื– ืื ืžืฉื”ื• 'ืžืงื•ื˜ื‘', ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืคืฆืœ.
05:11
Let's talk about the word 'polar' to start with. Now Tom, if you go
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืงื•ื˜ื‘' ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื˜ื•ื, ืื ืชืจื—ื™ืง
05:17
as far north as you possibly can on this planet, where will you be?
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ืฆืคื•ื ื” ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื” ื”ื–ื•, ืื™ืคื” ืชื”ื™ื”?
05:22
I suppose I would be at the North Pole.
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืงื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™.
05:25
You would. And if I go as far south as I possibly can,
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ืืชื” ื”ื™ื™ืช. ื•ืื ืืจื—ื™ืง ื“ืจื•ืžื” ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ,
05:30
I will be at the South Pole and can we go further apart?
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ืื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ?
05:34
We could not physically be any further apart.
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื™ื–ื™ืช.
05:38
OK. We'd be as far apart as it's possible to be,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื ื”ื™ื” ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ,
05:40
and I guess this is where we get the figurative use, right?
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื›ืืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
05:44
Exactly that. So, if you are at 'polar opposites',
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื–ื”. ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ืืชื” ื‘"ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื™ื",
05:48
which is a common expression, you have completely different opinions:
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื ืคื•ืฅ, ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ:
05:52
there's nothing you can agree on about this particular topic.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื”ื–ื”.
05:56
So, if something is a 'polarising' topic,
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ืื–, ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื 'ืงื•ื˜ื‘',
05:59
it makes people really have very, very, very different opinions.
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ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
06:03
And this is an example of Laurel Hubbard and competing on a female
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ื•ื–ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ืœื•ืจืœ ื”ืื‘ืจื“ ื•ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื ืฉื™ืช
06:07
team when her sex at birth was male: people have very,
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ื›ืฉื”ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื‘ืœื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื” ื’ื‘ืจ: ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ
06:12
very strong opinions โ€“ very different opinions.
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ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื–ืงื•ืช - ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“.
06:14
So, this is a very 'polarising' topic.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื ื•ืฉื ืžืื•ื“ 'ืงื•ื˜ื‘'.
06:18
And we can use the verb as well, can't we?
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื’ื ื”ืคื•ืขืœ, ืœื?
06:20
'To polarise' โ€“ like a topic has the power to 'polarise' people...
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'ืœืงื˜ื‘' โ€“ ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื ื•ืฉื ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— 'ืœืงื˜ื‘' ืื ืฉื™ื...
06:23
Yes. ...put them at
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ื›ืŸ. ...ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื
06:25
different positions. Can you give us any
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ื‘ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื ื•
06:27
more examples of when we could use 'polarising' or 'polarise'?
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ืขื•ื“ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžืชื™ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘'ืงื™ื˜ื•ื‘' ืื• 'ืงื•ื˜ื‘'?
06:32
Well, I mean there's many... we often see it in politics.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื”... ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”.
06:35
So, you could say that Donald Trump was a 'polarising character';
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ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค ื”ื™ื” 'ื“ืžื•ืช ืžืงื˜ื‘ืช';
06:39
he polarised lots of people with his opinions.
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ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
06:43
We have lots of 'polarising policies.' We can talk about current
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ' ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื˜ื‘ืช'. ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ
06:47
situations and arguments over, you know, Covid and the vaccine
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ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืขืœ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ
06:51
and the lockdown: all those are very 'polarising' topics.
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ื•ื”ืกื’ืจ: ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื 'ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื' ืžืื•ื“.
06:55
Recently, we had Brexit and there was very strong and very different
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืจืงื–ื™ื˜ ื•ื”ื™ื• ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
06:59
opinions about Brexit. So, in politics and in your personal life,
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ืจืงื–ื™ื˜. ืื–, ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš,
07:03
we can talk about things that 'polarise' people.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉ'ืžืงื˜ื‘ื™ื' ืื ืฉื™ื.
07:06
It means it makes them have really, really different opinions.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืœื“ืขื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
07:10
Brilliant. OK. Let's not 'polarise'; let's bring everything together
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ืžึทื‘ืจึดื™ืง. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื 'ื ืงื•ื˜ื‘'; ื‘ื•ื ื ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื“
07:14
and let's have our summary slide for this piece of lexis please:
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ื•ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”:
07:25
So, arguments in sports can be 'polarising': they can create strong
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ืื–, ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช 'ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื': ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
07:29
opinions. We have another News Review about an argument in sport, right?
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ื“ืขื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืกืงื™ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
07:33
We do. This one's all about Nike and advertising.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื. ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืขืœ ื ื™ื™ืงื™ ื•ืคืจืกื•ื.
07:37
To find out what happened, just click the link.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืžื” ืงืจื”, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ.
07:40
Just click that link. Alright โ€“ excellent! Catherine,
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”. ื‘ืกื“ืจ - ืžืขื•ืœื”! ืงืชืจื™ืŸ, ื‘ื•ื
07:43
let's have a look at your third piece of language for today please.
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ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
07:47
Yes, we are now going to India.
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื•.
07:49
We're in The Indian Express and the headline is:
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืื™ื ื“ื™ืืŸ ืืงืกืคืจืก ื•ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื™ื:
08:00
OK. 'Brews' โ€“ becomes stronger.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. 'Brews' - ืžืชื—ื–ืง.
08:03
Catherine, what can you tell us about the word 'brews'?
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ืงืชืจื™ืŸ, ืžื” ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื'?
08:07
It's a verb: B-R-E-W-S.
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ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœ: B-R-E-W-S.
08:10
And if something 'brews', it becomes stronger.
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ื•ืื ืžืฉื”ื• 'ืžืชื‘ืฉืœ', ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื–ืง.
08:13
Now Tom, you are fond of a cup of tea, aren't you?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื˜ื•ื, ืืชื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ื›ื•ืก ืชื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
08:17
I have a cup of tea right now, yes. ย 
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ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืชื” ื›ื•ืก ืชื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืŸ.
08:19
And how do you like your tea... Don't tell the boss!
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ื•ืื™ืš ืืชื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื” ืฉืœืš... ืืœ ืชืกืคืจ ืœื‘ื•ืก!
08:22
... weak or strong?
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... ื—ืœืฉ ืื• ื—ื–ืง?
08:24
I mean, it depends. Sometimes, I leave the teabag in 'to brew'.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™. ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ืื ื™ ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืงื™ืช ื”ืชื” ื‘'ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜'.
08:29
'To brew' โ€“ that's right. So, if you make a cup of tea and
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'ืœื‘ืฉืœ' โ€“ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ืืชื ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื•ืก ืชื” ื•ืืชื
08:33
you leave your teabag or your tea leaves in the water for a long time,
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ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืฉืงื™ืช ื”ืชื” ืฉืœื›ื ืื• ืืช ืขืœื™ ื”ืชื” ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืžื™ื ืœืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘,
08:38
the tea 'brews' for longer and longer โ€“ gets stronger and stronger.
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ื”ืชื” 'ืžืชื‘ืฉืœ' ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ - ืžืชื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:43
So 'brewing' is the process of creating tea,
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ืื– 'ื—ืœื™ื˜ื”' ื”ื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืชื”,
08:47
or we also use it with beer: you can 'brew' beer, the alcoholic drink.
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ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื’ื ืขื ื‘ื™ืจื”: ืืคืฉืจ 'ืœื—ืœื•ื˜' ื‘ื™ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืงื” ื”ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™.
08:52
And the longer you leave it, the stronger it gets.
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ื–ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื–ืง.
08:56
Now, bring that back to the idea of arguments, controversial topics:
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื, ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช:
09:01
if controversy is 'brewing', it's getting stronger.
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ืื ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช 'ืžืชื‘ืฉืœืช', ื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ื–ืงืช.
09:06
And I guess we... when we make beer
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉืื ื—ื ื•... ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื”
09:08
or when we make tea, we add heat as well, don't we?
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ืื• ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืชื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื’ื ื—ื•ื, ืœื?
09:10
So, we could say it's getting more heated as well.
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ืื–, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ืžืชื—ืžื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
09:13
It can be, yes. I think you're... you definitely need heat when
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืŸ. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืชื”... ืืชื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืฆืจื™ืš ื—ื•ื ื›ืฉืืชื”
09:17
you make tea, and a little bit of warmth for beer, but yes โ€“ it's
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ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืชื”, ื•ืงืฆืช ื—ื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืŸ โ€“ ื–ื”
09:19
that idea of getting hotter and stronger and developing over time.
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื”ืชื—ืžื ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื•ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
09:25
So, we use in everyday English for negative things: controversy,
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ืื–, ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื: ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช,
09:30
arguments, disagreements. When you know that they're coming and
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื, ืื™ ื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช. ื›ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ื•ื”ื
09:34
they're getting stronger and people are talking about it and they're...
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ืžืชื—ื–ืงื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ื”ื...
09:37
you know, an argument's about to develop and explode,
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื•ืœื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฅ,
09:41
you get that feeling that it's coming: it's 'brewing'.
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ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข: ื–ื” 'ืžืชื‘ืฉืœ' .
09:45
OK. Fantastic! That's the verb 'to brew' and we also have a noun form,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืคึทื ื˜ึทืกื˜ึดื™! ื–ื” ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ' ืœื‘ืฉืœ' ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื ืฆื•ืจืช ืขืฆื,
09:49
don't we, which is a bit more basic and slightly different?
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ืœื, ืฉื”ื™ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื•ืงืฆืช ืฉื•ื ื”?
09:52
A cup of tea โ€“ let's have a 'brew'.
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ื›ื•ืก ืชื” - ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉืชื”.
09:55
Let's have a 'brew'. Yeah, a 'brew' just means a hot drink in the UK,
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉืชื” 'ืชื‘ืฉืœ'. ื›ืŸ, 'ืชื‘ืฉืœ' ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืจืง ืžืฉืงื” ื—ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”,
10:00
so you could say, 'Make me a brew.' Or โ€“ it's not grammatically correct,
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ืื– ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ, 'ืชื›ื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื—ืœื™ื˜ื”'. ืื• โ€“ ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ืช,
10:04
but we always say, 'Make us a brew,' which just means...
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจื™ื, 'ืชื›ื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื—ืœื™ื˜ื”', ืฉื–ื” ืจืง ืื•ืžืจ...
10:07
'Make us a brew'... ...go make me a cup of tea.
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'ืชื›ื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื—ืœื™ื˜ื”'... ...ืœืš ืชื›ื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื›ื•ืก ืชื”.
10:09
...particularly in the north of England. I think, in the south, less so.
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...ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืื ื’ืœื™ื”. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืคื—ื•ืช.
10:12
Particularly in our homeland, eh Catherine?
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืื” ืงืชืจื™ืŸ?
10:14
Yeah. Up in the North.
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ.
10:16
'Up North' โ€“ go home for a nice 'brew'.
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'ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ' - ืœื›ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืœ"ื—ืœื™ื˜ื”" ื ื—ืžื“ื”.
10:19
OK. Right, I'm going to go make a 'brew'.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ 'ืžื‘ืฉืœื”'.
10:21
While I do that, let's have that summary slide please:
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื‘ื•ื ื ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืฉืงืฃ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”:
10:33
OK. Catherine, can we have a recap of today's vocabulary please?
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืงืชืจื™ืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื?
10:37
Yes, we started with 'trans', which means transgender.
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ื›ืŸ, ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื 'ื˜ืจื ืก', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื˜ืจื ืกื’'ื ื“ืจ.
10:41
Then we had 'polarising', meaning very divisive.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• 'ืงื™ื˜ื•ื‘', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืคืฆืœ.
10:45
And we finished on 'brews', which means becomes stronger.
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ื•ืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ืขืœ 'ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืชื—ื–ืง.
10:50
Fantastic! Thank you Catherine. OK.
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ืคึทื ื˜ึทืกื˜ึดื™! ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืงืชืจื™ืŸ. ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
10:52
That's all from us today. Thanks for being here.
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืžืืชื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื. ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉืืชื” ื›ืืŸ.
10:55
See you next time. And goodbye.
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ื ืชืจืื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื”. ื•ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช.
10:57
Bye!
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ื‘ื™ื™!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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