How to Use WITH & BY ⚡️English Prepositions | Common Grammar Mistakes

Hey there, I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!

嘿那里，我是mmmEnglish的Emma！

In this lesson, we'll go over these two prepositions.

在本课中，我们将介绍这两个介词。

Now, if you're a little confused by prepositions

现在，如果你对介词有点困惑

that's totally normal!

这完全正常！

Wait a second, I could also say

等一下，我也可以说

If you're feeling frustrated with prepositions

如果你对介词感到沮丧

you're definitely not alone.

你绝对不是一个人。

It's a little tricky, right?

这有点棘手，对吗？

Are both of those sentences right?

这两个句子都对吗？

Does the meaning change?

意思改变了吗？

So both of these sentences are perfectly fine

所以这两个句子都很好

but let's find out a little more about how to use

但是让我们了解一下如何使用它

these little

这些小

but important English prepositions correctly.

但重要的英语介词正确。

Hold tight!

抓紧！

Prepositions are, well,

介词是，好吧，

they're just annoying little buggers!

他们只是讨厌小虫子！

They're such tiny words,

他们是这么小的话，

yet they influence your sentence significantly.

但它们会显着影响你的判决。

When they're used correctly,

当它们被正确使用时，

they can make your English sound more advanced.

它们可以让你的英语听起来更先进。

They can help you to sound more natural

它们可以帮助您听起来更自然

and more fluent when you're speaking

当你说话时更流利

which of course, is exactly what you're aiming for.

当然，这正是你的目标。

But, if they're used incorrectly, well

但是，如果他们的使用不正确，那么

these errors are quite obvious

这些错误非常明显

to native English speakers.

以英语为母语的人。

And these mistakes, they actually reduce the quality

而这些错误，实际上降低了质量

of your English.

你的英语

And sometimes it can also mean that you're

有时它也意味着你

misunderstood - the meaning's not clear.

误解了 - 意思不明确。

So you probably know that there's lots

所以你可能知道有很多

of prepositions in English.

介词用英语。

I could keep going but you get the point.

我可以坚持下去，但你明白了。

Actually when you get the chance, you can review

实际上，当你有机会时，你可以复习

this playlist right here, it's full of my lessons

这个播放列表就在这里，它充满了我的课程

about prepositions.

关于介词。

One problem that my students have with prepositions

我的学生有介词的一个问题

from their own native language

来自他们自己的母语

is that they don't translate perfectly into English

是他们没有完美地翻译成英语

so they end up using the wrong preposition

所以他们最终使用了错误的介词

and it becomes a bit of a habit, right?

它变成了一种习惯，对吧？

Which is why it's really important

这就是为什么它非常重要

to study and practise prepositions

学习和练习介词

in context, so using books,

在上下文中，所以使用书籍，

blog posts and other texts.

博客文章和其他文本。

They're really great places to really try and understand

他们真的是真正尝试和理解的好地方

English prepositions and

英语介词和

see them, how they're used naturally.

看到他们，他们如何自然地使用。

In this lesson, I'll go over the prepositions 'with' and 'by'.

在本课中，我将使用'和'by'来介绍介词。

So we'll talk about the general rules

所以我们将讨论一般规则

and the uses for each of those prepositions.

以及每个介词的用法。

We'll also talk about how both of them

我们还将讨论他们两者如何

could be used in the same sentence.

可以用在同一个句子里。

And later on, later in the lesson,

后来，在课程的后面，

I'll test you on what you've learnt so make sure you

我会测试你所学到的知识，所以请确保你

stick around until the end of the lesson

坚持到课程结束

so we can practise a little together, right?

所以我们可以一起练习，对吧？

Cool! So let's start with

凉！让我们开始吧

So, 'with' can actually mean

所以，'with'实际上意味着

all of these different things as a preposition.

所有这些不同的东西作为介词。

But let's just start with the first one for now.

但是，让我们从现在的第一个开始吧。

You can use 'with' when you're talking about people,

当你谈论人时，你可以使用'with'，

or things being together.

或者在一起的事情。

So if you're with someone,

所以，如果你和某人在一起，

then you're probably in the same place as them.

然后你可能和他们在同一个地方。

This means

I was physically in the same place as Jane yesterday

这意味着

昨天我和简在同一个地方

while the accident was happening.

事故发生的时候。

Now this could be people or objects,

现在这可能是人或物，

so two objects or things that are with each other

所以两个对象或事物彼此相连

are also together.

也在一起。

When I eat a burger

当我吃汉堡

I put mustard on it and I eat the burger

我把芥末放在上面，我吃汉堡

and the mustard together, right?

和芥末在一起吧？

So 'with' means physically in the same place.

所以'with'意味着身体在同一个地方。

There's one exception though,

但有一个例外，

this is an informal usage but a very, very common one.

这是一种非正式用法，但非常非常常见。

Two people that are together or with each other,

两个人在一起或彼此在一起，

well this can actually mean that they're in a

这实际上可能意味着他们在一个

romantic relationship or they're dating.

浪漫关系或他们约会。

So Chris and Jane probably haven't been

所以克里斯和简可能没有

physically in the same location since last year,

自去年以来在同一地点，

but they have been together in a relationship.

但他们一直在一起。

Now this usage, it's quite contextual,

现在这个用法，它非常具有上下文性，

you kind of need the other information in the sentence

你需要句子中的其他信息

to help you recognise the meaning.

帮助你认识到意义。

So here's a couple more examples.

所以这里有几个例子。

So this is that informal use - talking about a relationship

所以这就是非正式用途 - 谈论关系

and 'boyfriend' there is the clue that we're talking about,

和'男朋友'有我们谈论的线索，

a romantic relationship.

浪漫的关系。

Now here, this probably isn't talking about

现在，这可能不是在讨论

a romantic relationship because

浪漫的关系，因为

we're looking for Sammy,

我们正在寻找Sammy，

we want to know where she is,

我们想知道她在哪里

where she physically is right now. We're asking

她身体现在的地方。我们问

is she with you?

她和你在一起吗？

Okay? It's not the romantic meaning.

好的？这不是浪漫的意义。

'With' can also mean having something.

'With'也意味着拥有一些东西。

So you can use 'with' to show that something

所以你可以使用'with'来表示某些东西

or someone has something else.

或某人有别的东西。

So a person with tattoos is someone who has tattoos.

所以纹身的人是纹身的人。

A dog with a red collar

一条带红领的狗

is a dog who has a red collar.

是一只有红领的狗。

Okay so 'with' can also mean to use something,

好的，'with'也可以意味着使用一些东西，

to make or to do something else.

做或做别的事。

So think about a time when you were doing an action

所以想想你正在采取行动的时候

or you were making something

或者你在做点什么

with the help of

在...的帮助下

a tool or an object or an ingredient.

工具或物体或成分。

It sounds a little confusing.

这听起来有点令人困惑。

But let me think of a couple of examples

但让我想一想几个例子

just to make it a bit easier to understand.

只是为了让它更容易理解。

So she used the candles to make the table look nice.

所以她用蜡烛让桌子看起来很漂亮。

Okay? She's using them as a tool or as a material.

好的？她将它们用作工具或材料。

So he uses a pencil while he's doing his homework.

所以他在做作业的时候用铅笔。

So these three meanings that we've just been through,

所以我们刚刚经历过的这三个含义，

they're all quite similar

他们都非常相似

but small details in a sentence can help you

但句子中的小细节可以帮到你

figure out the meaning of 'with' in that sentence.

弄清楚那句话中'with'的含义。

So I want to give you a few examples to help you

所以我想举几个例子来帮助你

compare these three different uses of 'with', okay?

比较'with'的这三种不同用法，好吗？

So here I'm talking about using basil to cook.

所以我在这里谈论使用罗勒做饭。

It's an important ingredient or tool, I guess,

我想，这是一个重要的成分或工具，

that I use to make this specific recipe.

我用来制作这个特定的食谱。

But I could also say in general

但我也可以说一般

that I like pasta sauce with basil.

我喜欢罗勒意大利面酱。

Okay? So I'm not making the pasta sauce here,

好的？所以我不是在这里制作意大利面酱，

I'm not using basil.

我不是在使用罗勒。

I'm just speaking about how I like pasta

我只是在谈论我喜欢面食的方式

or pasta sauce that has basil in it,

或者里面有罗勒的意大利面酱，

that contains basil.

含有罗勒。

But if I went to a restaurant, the waitress might ask

但如果我去餐馆，女服务员可能会问

So she's asking if

所以她问是否

if I want the pasta and the basil sauce together.

如果我想要意大利面和罗勒酱在一起。

So if I say yes,

所以，如果我说是，

I'm going to get both of those things together

我要把这两件事放在一起

on my plate, right?

在我的盘子上，对吗？

Does that make sense?

那有意义吗？

Okay so there are two more ways that you can use

好的，还有两种方法可以使用

the preposition 'with'

介词'with'

though these ones are a little

虽然这些是一点点

less common than the last three.

比最后三个少见。

But you can use 'with'

但你可以用'带'

to show the feeling behind an action.

表明行动背后的感觉。

So to say that you're doing an action

所以说你正在做一个动作

with a certain feeling.

有一定的感觉。

So the person who's writing that message

那个写这个信息的人

they want to show or explain that they're feeling sad

他们想表明或解释他们感到难过

as they are doing the action of writing the message.

因为他们正在做写信息的动作。

Okay?

So we can use 'with' to explain

好的？

所以我们可以用'with'来解释

how an action - the emotion behind an action.

行动如何 - 行动背后的情感。

Now lastly,

最后，

if someone is with you,

如果有人和你在一起

they agree with you, they're on your side.

他们同意你的意见，他们就在你身边。

So imagine that everyone at work

所以想象一下每个人都在工作

is in the middle of a big discussion.

正在进行大讨论。

Everyone has different opinions, right?

每个人都有不同的意见，对吗？

But you agree with Matt, so you can say:

但你同意马特的意见，所以你可以说：

When you say that you are

当你说你是

letting everyone know that you

让每个人都知道你

agree with Matt.

同意马特。

You have the same opinions as Matt, right?

你跟Matt的意见相同，对吧？

Now we also talked about this same use

现在我们也谈到了同样的用法

in this video.

在这个视频中。

This is the video about the prepositions, 'for' and 'by'.

这是关于介词的视频，'for'和'by'。

So you can use 'for' to express

所以你可以用'for'来表达

a similar idea, to agree or support someone.

一个类似的想法，同意或支持某人。

But 'with' is usually used to say that you

但'with'通常用来表示你

support a person and their opinion.

支持一个人和他们的意见。

And 'for' is usually used to say that you support an idea.

并且'for'通常用来表示你支持一个想法。

So I would say:

所以我会说：

We both agree in free healthcare for everyone.

我们都同意为每个人提供免费医疗服务。

Now compare that to

现在比较一下

Okay? There's a difference.

好的？有区别。

Now interestingly, this expression

现在有趣的是，这个表达方式

'to stand by someone'

'站在别人面前'

has a very similar meaning, it's a similar idea.

有一个非常相似的含义，这是一个类似的想法。

It's really nice when someone stands by you, right?

有人站在你身边真的很好，对吗？

But this is an important expression to keep in mind

但这是一个要记住的重要表达方式

because the meaning is very similar

因为意思非常相似

to what we've just been talking about

我们刚才谈到的

but the preposition is different.

但介词是不同的。

Right? So you just need to take a note of it.

对？所以你只需要记下它。

Right, so we've been over

是的，所以我们已经结束了

all of the uses of 'with' as a preposition.

'with'作为介词的所有用法。

But before we move on, I want you to

但在我们继续前进之前，我想要你

pause for a moment and write a few sentences

暂停片刻，写几句话

in the comments below

在下面的评论中

to practise using what you've learned just now, okay?

用你刚刚学到的东西练习，好吗？

And I'll try and check them and

我会尝试检查它们

make sure I give you some feedback,

确保我给你一些反馈，

make sure that you're using them correctly.

确保你正确使用它们。

Down there!

在下面！

All right, let's check out the preposition 'by' now.

好的，让我们现在查看介词'by'。

Now it can be used to talk about general proximity.

现在它可以用来谈论一般的接近度。

So to show that someone is near

所以要表明有人在附近

or close to something else.

或接近别的东西。

And it usually means that

它通常意味着

that thing is right beside it

那东西就在旁边

or to the side of something else.

或者在其他方面。

Where did you park the car?

你把车停在哪里？

Okay?

So that means I parked near the supermarket.

好的？

这意味着我停在超市附近。

My car is really close to the supermarket.

我的车离超市很近。

It's probably right next to it.

它可能就在它旁边。

So this is easy enough, right?

所以这很容易，对吧？

Now

现在

there's a teeny weeny thing that you need

你需要一件小小的东西

to remember here.

要记住这里。

When 'by' is used with a verb that shows movement,

当'by'与显示运动的动词一起使用时，

it describes the movement past

它描述了过去的运动

a person or a place or a thing.

一个人或某个地方或某物。

So 'by' with a movement verb shows us

所以'by'用动词动词告诉我们

that something is moving past another thing.

有些东西正在经历另一件事。

So here, 'walk' is a verb that shows movement, right?

所以在这里，'walk'是一个显示运动的动词，对吗？

So I walked past your office,

所以我走过你的办公室，

I walked by your office.

我走过你的办公室。

Now we also use 'by' to set a time limit.

现在我们还使用'by'来设置时间限制。

So when 'by' is used with time, it means

因此，当'by'与时间一起使用时，就意味着

not later than a certain time.

不迟于某个时间。

I can leave before seven thirty,

我可以在七点半之前离开，

or exactly at seven thirty

或者恰好在七点半

but I can't leave later than seven thirty.

但我不能迟于七点半离开。

If I leave later,

如果我以后离开，

well, I'll be late for work.

好吧，我上班迟到了。

Have your parents ever said that to you?

你的父母曾经告诉过你吗？

So in this lesson here, I actually go into more detail

所以在这一课中，我实际上会详细介绍

about how we use 'by'

关于我们如何使用'by'

to talk about time.

谈论时间。

So if you want to go a little more deeper on that,

所以，如果你想更深入一点，

click this link here.

点击此链接。

We can also use 'by' to show

我们也可以用'by'来表示

who or what is doing something

谁或者在做什么

when we're using the passive voice.

当我们使用被动语态时。

So this is the passive voice.

所以这就是被动的声音。

In English, we use the passive voice or the active voice

在英语中，我们使用被动语态或主动语态

for different reasons.

出于不同的原因。

Actually I made a lesson on it a few months ago so it's

实际上我几个月前就上过课了，所以就是这样

right here if you are curious about the passive voice.

如果你对被动语态感到好奇，就在这里。

So this is the passive voice.

所以这就是被动的声音。

The active voice is

主动的声音是

So in the first example I'm using the passive voice

所以在第一个例子中，我使用的是被动语态

to show that the emphasis is on the action,

表明重点是行动，

not the person.

不是那个人

The action is the most important thing in the sentence.

行动是句子中最重要的事情。

And we use 'by' to know who or what

我们使用'by'来了解谁或者是什么

is doing the action, if it's important.

正在采取行动，如果它很重要。

Now when you want to

现在当你想要

explain how an action will be done,

解释如何完成一项行动，

you can also use 'by'.

你也可以使用'by'。

So you're saying what is your

所以你说的是你的

method for arriving somewhere.

到达某处的方法。

Or getting something done

或者完成某件事

or doing something.

或做某事。

What is the way that you're going to do it?

你打算怎么做？

In all of those different situations, you can use

在所有这些不同的情况下，你可以使用

'by' to explain how.

'by'解释如何。

Okay? So bike was the method

好的？所以自行车是方法

that I used to get to work.

我以前去上班。

Another one.

另一个。

Okay these are the methods to achieve the outcome.

好的，这些是实现结果的方法。

All right, last one

好的，最后一个

and then we'll practise together, I promise.

我保证，我们会一起练习。

We can use 'by' with a reflexive pronoun

我们可以使用'by'和反身代词

to say that you'll do something alone.

说你会独自做点什么。

Okay or a person is doing something alone.

好吧，或者一个人独自做某事。

Now all personal pronouns have a reflexive

现在所有的人称代词都有反身

form in English, right?

用英文表格，对吧？

So we have

所以我们有

Right? There's quite a few of them.

对？其中有不少。

But you can use 'by' with a reflexive pronoun

但是你可以用反身代词来使用'by'

to talk about doing something alone

谈论独自做某事

or without any help from anyone else.

或者没有任何人的帮助。

So you would say 'by myself'

所以你会说'我自己'

That kind of thing.

那种事。

So that just means

所以这只是意味着

that I don't need you, I can clean up on my own.

我不需要你，我可以自己清理。

Speaking of reflexive pronouns,

说到反身代词，

let's go back to the preposition 'with' for a moment

让我们回到介词'with'一会儿

because 'with' can also be used with a reflexive pronoun

因为'with'也可以与反身代词一起使用

So remember that 'with'

所以请记住'带'

and a person

和一个人

means together, right?

一起意味着吧？

So 'with' and a reflexive pronoun, it's kind of like

所以'有'和反身代词，有点像

saying together with oneself, right?

和自己一起说，对吧？

So he was talking to himself, probably just

所以他正在和自己说话，可能只是

inside his head, right?

在他的脑海里，对吗？

You don't have to speak out loud to have

你不必大声说出来

a conversation with yourself, right?

与自己交谈，对吧？

Cool, so let's look at a few situations

很酷，让我们来看几个情况

where both 'with' and 'by' can be used correctly

其中'with'和'by'都可以正确使用

but of course,

但是当然，

it means the meaning changes

它意味着意义的变化

and this is where it can get a little confusing, all right?

这可能会让人感到有些困惑，好吗？

I want you to take your time here.

我希望你能抽出时间在这里。

So I want you to think about

所以我想让你考虑一下

what's the difference in the meaning here.

这里的含义有什么不同。

Why have we used each of these prepositions

为什么我们使用这些介词中的每一个

and what do they mean in each of these sentences?

他们在这些句子中的含义是什么？

I want you to pause the video for a moment

我希望你暂停一下视频

and write your answer in the comments.

并在评论中写下你的答案。

Okay so the first sentence.

好吧，第一句话。

It uses 'by' to show who was doing the action,

它使用'by'来显示谁正在执行操作，

who filmed the movie. It was Jerry.

谁拍摄了这部电影。是杰瑞。

But in the second sentence, 'with' tells us

但在第二句中，'with'告诉我们

what was used to do the filming

用来做拍摄的是什么

so what kind of equipment was used.

所以使用了什么样的设备。

Well it was an underwater camera, right?

那是一个水下相机，对吗？

Let's try another one.

我们试试另一个。

So pause the video, think about the difference.

所以暂停视频，想想差异。

Try and explain it in the answers.

尝试并在答案中解释它。

And I'll be down there to check soon.

我会很快去那里检查。

So I hope that you paused and you wrote your answer

所以我希望你停下来并写下你的答案

because I'm about to tell you it anyway.

因为无论如何我都要告诉你。

So in the first sentence, 'with' shows togetherness.

所以在第一句话中，'with'表示团结。

The lady and the dog are together, it's probably her dog.

女士和狗在一起，这可能是她的狗。

But in the second sentence,

但在第二句话中，

'by' tells us the location of the lady. She's near the dog.

'by'告诉我们这位女士的位置。她在狗附近。

It could be her dog but

它可能是她的狗但是

maybe not, we don't really know.

也许不是，我们真的不知道。

Now that you know the rules about these prepositions,

既然你知道关于这些介词的规则，

you'll be able to read through a few

你将能够阅读一些

pages of your favourite English book

你最喜欢的英文书的页面

and start to recognise these different uses.

并开始认识到这些不同的用途。

Actually, that's a really great way to help you

实际上，这是一个非常好的方式来帮助你

remember what you learned in this lesson, to actually

记住你在本课中学到的东西，实际上

start practising,

开始练习，

looking for these prepositions

寻找这些介词

and trying to understand them.

并试图了解他们。

Now before you go, I've got a few last sentences

在你走之前，我已经有了一些最后的句子

to practise with you, okay?

跟你练习，好吗？

I'm going to give you some sentences

我要给你一些句子

and see if you can choose the correct preposition

并看看你是否可以选择正确的介词

to go in the blank space, right?

走进空白吧？

So I want you to write your answers in the comments

所以我希望你在评论中写下你的答案

below. I'm going to be down there checking them

下面。我会在那里检查它们

straight away after this lesson's live.

这节课直播后就马上开始了。

And I don't want you to write

而且我不想让你写

just the answer, I want you to tell me why

只是答案，我要你告诉我为什么

you've chosen that preposition.

你选择了介词。

What's the meaning behind it, right?

它背后的含义是什么，对吧？

Here we go!

开始了！

Is it 'by' or 'with'?

它是'by'还是'with'？

It's 'by' right? Because we've got

这是'靠'对吗？因为我们有

a reflexive pronoun here

这里有一个反身代词

to talk about doing something alone.

谈论独自做某事。

Right? Okay now it's your turn.

对？好的，现在轮到你了。

What's the preposition?

介词是什么？

Right?

对？

Here's another one.

这是另一个。

So that's together, right?

那就是在一起吧？

Fries and your burger together.

炸薯条和你的汉堡在一起。

Now it is possible to say

现在可以说

'Would you like to order any fries by your burger?'

“你想要点汉堡的薯条吗？”

Sounds a bit weird though. That just means

听起来有点奇怪。这只是意味着

on the plate, so next to the burger on your plate.

在盘子上，所以在盘子旁边的汉堡。

So it's a way less common way of saying that.

所以这是一种不太常见的说法。

It's not completely incorrect but it

它并非完全不正确

certainly doesn't sound right.

当然听起来不对。

So 'with' is the correct option there.

所以'with'是正确的选择。

How about this one?

这个怎么样？

Right?

对？

So here, 'by' is telling us that

所以在这里，'by'告诉我们

it's the method that something is done, right?

这是做某事的方法，对吗？

This one?

这个？

We're using 'with' here to say that she has something.

我们在这里用'和'说她有东西。

Something. She has thirteen children.

一些东西。她有十三个孩子。

Can you imagine that?

你能想象吗？

It would be chaos!

这会很混乱！

Absolute chaos!

绝对的混乱！

Okay, how about this one? We've got two.

好的，这个怎么样？我们有两个。

Is it 'with' or 'by'? Where does it go?

是'有'还是'有'？它去哪儿了？

Correct.

正确。

Together with their parents.

和他们的父母一起。

And

和

So next to the river.

所以在河边。

Last one.

最后一个。

So it's

所以这是

so we're together and

所以我们在一起

so that's the method of getting to work.

这就是上班的方法。

So how did you go?

那你是怎么去的？

I hope that you enjoyed that lesson

我希望你喜欢这一课

especially the practice section at the end

特别是最后的练习部分

because you need to make sure that you're

因为你需要确保你是

using the lessons that you learn here at mmmEnglish.

使用您在mmmEnglish学到的课程。

Like I said,

就像我说的，

practise while you read, just grab your favourite book,

读书时练习，只需抓住你最喜欢的书，

English book, or find an article online even,

英文书，或在网上找文章，

but then underline every 'with' and 'by' on the page.

但是然后在页面上的每个'with'和'by'下划线。

These words are so common, I'm sure you'll find

这些话很常见，我相信你会找到的

plenty of them.

他们很多。

But what I want you to do is to then

但是我想要你做的就是那时候

be curious and try to understand or try to work out

好奇，试着理解或尝试解决

why these different prepositions were used.

为什么使用这些不同的介词。

It will really help your brain to remember this lesson.

这将真正帮助你的大脑记住这一课。

Now I would love to keep teaching you

现在我想继续教你

more about prepositions right here.

更多关于介词的信息。

Or we can switch things up a little bit and maybe

或者我们可以稍微改变一下

try this lesson instead.

试试这堂课。

But don't forget to subscribe and show your support

但不要忘记订阅并显示您的支持

for the mmmEnglish channel

对于mmmEnglish频道

and I will see you

我会见到你的

in one of these lessons.

在其中一个课程中。

See you there!

到时候那里见！