How to Use WITH & BY โšก๏ธEnglish Prepositions | Common Grammar Mistakes

1,117,953 views ใƒป 2019-02-15

mmmEnglish


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hey there, I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” mmmEnglish์˜ ์— ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:03
In this lesson, we'll go over these two prepositions.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์ด ๋‘ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:08
Now, if you're a little confused by prepositions
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์ž, ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์กฐ๊ธˆ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:12
that's totally normal!
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!
00:14
Wait a second, I could also say
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์ž ๊น๋งŒ์š”,
00:18
If you're feeling frustrated with prepositions
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์— ์ขŒ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:23
you're definitely not alone.
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ˜ผ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
It's a little tricky, right?
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์ฃ ?
00:27
Are both of those sentences right?
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๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:30
Does the meaning change?
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์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋‚˜์š”?
00:31
So both of these sentences are perfectly fine
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์ง€
00:34
but let's find out a little more about how to use
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๋งŒ ์ด ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜์–ด ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
00:39
these little
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00:41
but important English prepositions correctly.
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.
00:44
Hold tight!
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๊ฝ‰ ์žก์•„!
00:55
Prepositions are, well,
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ์Œ,
00:58
they're just annoying little buggers!
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์‹  ์ž‘์€ ๋†ˆ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
01:00
They're such tiny words,
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๋‹จ์–ด
01:03
yet they influence your sentence significantly.
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์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
When they're used correctly,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๋•Œ,
01:08
they can make your English sound more advanced.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
They can help you to sound more natural
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ๋” ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:15
and more fluent when you're speaking
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01:17
which of course, is exactly what you're aiming for.
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01:20
But, if they're used incorrectly, well
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ž˜๋ชป ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉด
01:25
these errors are quite obvious
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋Š”
01:27
to native English speakers.
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์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
And these mistakes, they actually reduce the quality
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์˜์–ด์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:32
of your English.
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.
01:34
And sometimes it can also mean that you're
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜คํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:37
misunderstood - the meaning's not clear.
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- ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
So you probably know that there's lots
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01:43
of prepositions in English.
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์˜์–ด์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
I could keep going but you get the point.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์š”์ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
Actually when you get the chance, you can review
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด
01:57
this playlist right here, it's full of my lessons
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ์ˆ˜์—…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:01
about prepositions.
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02:02
One problem that my students have with prepositions
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์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
02:06
from their own native language
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02:09
is that they don't translate perfectly into English
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ
02:12
so they end up using the wrong preposition
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
02:15
and it becomes a bit of a habit, right?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์Šต๊ด€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
02:19
Which is why it's really important
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:21
to study and practise prepositions
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02:24
in context, so using books,
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์ฑ…,
02:26
blog posts and other texts.
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๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ ๊ฒŒ์‹œ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
02:28
They're really great places to really try and understand
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ•ด
02:31
English prepositions and
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ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:33
see them, how they're used naturally.
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ์žฅ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
In this lesson, I'll go over the prepositions 'with' and 'by'.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ 'with'์™€ 'by'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
So we'll talk about the general rules
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ์šฉ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:44
and the uses for each of those prepositions.
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.
02:48
We'll also talk about how both of them
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€
02:50
could be used in the same sentence.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
And later on, later in the lesson,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋ ˆ์Šจ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์—
02:55
I'll test you on what you've learnt so make sure you
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๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆด ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
02:59
stick around until the end of the lesson
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๋ ˆ์Šจ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ผญ ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ 
03:00
so we can practise a little together, right?
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?
03:03
Cool! So let's start with
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์‹œ์›ํ•œ! ์ž
03:09
So, 'with' can actually mean
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ 'with'๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
03:12
all of these different things as a preposition.
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
But let's just start with the first one for now.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
You can use 'with' when you're talking about people,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ 'with'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:22
or things being together.
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03:25
So if you're with someone,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜๋ผ๋ฉด
03:27
then you're probably in the same place as them.
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
This means
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03:35
I was physically in the same place as Jane yesterday
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
์–ด์ œ Jane๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:39
while the accident was happening.
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.
03:41
Now this could be people or objects,
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
03:44
so two objects or things that are with each other
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์„œ๋กœ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๋„
03:48
are also together.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
When I eat a burger
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ ๋จน์„๋•Œ
03:56
I put mustard on it and I eat the burger
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๋จธ์Šคํ„ฐ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์–น์–ด์„œ ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ
03:59
and the mustard together, right?
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์™€ ๋จธ์Šคํƒ€๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋จน์ฃ ?
04:02
So 'with' means physically in the same place.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'with'๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
There's one exception though,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
this is an informal usage but a very, very common one.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
Two people that are together or with each other,
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
04:18
well this can actually mean that they're in a
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋กœ๋งจํ‹ฑํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:20
romantic relationship or they're dating.
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.
04:27
So Chris and Jane probably haven't been
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Chris์™€ Jane์€
04:30
physically in the same location since last year,
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์ž‘๋…„ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:33
but they have been together in a relationship.
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๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
Now this usage, it's quite contextual,
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š”
04:41
you kind of need the other information in the sentence
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:44
to help you recognise the meaning.
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.
04:47
So here's a couple more examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
So this is that informal use - talking about a relationship
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€๊ณ„
04:57
and 'boyfriend' there is the clue that we're talking about,
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์™€ '๋‚จ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋งจํ‹ฑํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹จ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:00
a romantic relationship.
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.
05:13
Now here, this probably isn't talking about
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ญ๋งŒ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
05:17
a romantic relationship because
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05:19
we're looking for Sammy,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Sammy๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:21
we want to know where she is,
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05:23
where she physically is right now. We're asking
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:26
is she with you?
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
Okay? It's not the romantic meaning.
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‚ญ๋งŒ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
'With' can also mean having something.
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'With'๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
So you can use 'with' to show that something
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'with'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€
05:38
or someone has something else.
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
So a person with tattoos is someone who has tattoos.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌธ์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ฌธ์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
A dog with a red collar
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๋ชฉ์ค„์ด ๋ถ‰์€ ๊ฐœ๋Š”
05:49
is a dog who has a red collar.
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๋ชฉ์ค„์ด ๋ถ‰์€ ๊ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
Okay so 'with' can also mean to use something,
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'with'๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค,
06:12
to make or to do something else.
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๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
So think about a time when you were doing an action
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:19
or you were making something
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06:21
with the help of
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06:23
a tool or an object or an ingredient.
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๋„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด ๋˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:28
It sounds a little confusing.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
But let me think of a couple of examples
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ข€ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:33
just to make it a bit easier to understand.
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.
06:40
So she used the candles to make the table look nice.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–‘์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
Okay? She's using them as a tool or as a material.
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
So he uses a pencil while he's doing his homework.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐํ•„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
So these three meanings that we've just been through,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š”
07:07
they're all quite similar
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌ
07:08
but small details in a sentence can help you
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€
07:11
figure out the meaning of 'with' in that sentence.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ 'with'์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
So I want to give you a few examples to help you
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š”
07:17
compare these three different uses of 'with', okay?
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'with'์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
So here I'm talking about using basil to cook.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌ์— ๋ฐ”์งˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
It's an important ingredient or tool, I guess,
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07:34
that I use to make this specific recipe.
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์ด ํŠน์ • ๋ ˆ์‹œํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
But I could also say in general
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:42
that I like pasta sauce with basil.
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๋ฐ”์งˆ ํŒŒ์Šคํƒ€ ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
Okay? So I'm not making the pasta sauce here,
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํŒŒ์Šคํƒ€ ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
07:50
I'm not using basil.
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๋ฐ”์งˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
I'm just speaking about how I like pasta
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์งˆ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ํŒŒ์Šคํƒ€๋‚˜ ํŒŒ์Šคํƒ€ ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:56
or pasta sauce that has basil in it,
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07:59
that contains basil.
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.
08:01
But if I went to a restaurant, the waitress might ask
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹๋‹น์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์›จ์ดํŠธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ
08:10
So she's asking if
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08:11
if I want the pasta and the basil sauce together.
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ํŒŒ์Šคํƒ€์™€ ๋ฐ”์งˆ ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋จน์„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
So if I say yes,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ฉด
08:16
I'm going to get both of those things together
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘
08:19
on my plate, right?
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์ œ ์ ‘์‹œ์— ๋‹ด์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
08:20
Does that make sense?
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๋ง์ด ๋ผ?
08:22
Okay so there are two more ways that you can use
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ 'with'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
the preposition 'with'
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08:27
though these ones are a little
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
08:29
less common than the last three.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
But you can use 'with'
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 'with'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
08:34
to show the feeling behind an action.
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๋™์ž‘ ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
So to say that you're doing an action
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
08:40
with a certain feeling.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:46
So the person who's writing that message
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
08:49
they want to show or explain that they're feeling sad
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:52
as they are doing the action of writing the message.
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๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์Šฌํ”„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
Okay?
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09:05
So we can use 'with' to explain
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'with'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
09:08
how an action - the emotion behind an action.
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ํ–‰๋™(ํ–‰๋™ ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •)์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
Now lastly,
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์ด์ œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
09:13
if someone is with you,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:15
they agree with you, they're on your side.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹  ํŽธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
So imagine that everyone at work
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์ง์žฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
09:21
is in the middle of a big discussion.
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ํฐ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:23
Everyone has different opinions, right?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ ?
09:25
But you agree with Matt, so you can say:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ Matt์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
When you say that you are
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด
09:32
letting everyone know that you
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09:34
agree with Matt.
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Matt์— ๋™์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ.
09:36
You have the same opinions as Matt, right?
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Matt์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ์ฃ ?
09:38
Now we also talked about this same use
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ์ด์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์šฉ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:42
in this video.
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.
09:43
This is the video about the prepositions, 'for' and 'by'.
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ 'for'์™€ 'by'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
So you can use 'for' to express
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'for'๋Š”
09:50
a similar idea, to agree or support someone.
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋™์˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง€์ง€ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
But 'with' is usually used to say that you
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 'with'๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
09:56
support a person and their opinion.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
And 'for' is usually used to say that you support an idea.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'for'๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
So I would say:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
We both agree in free healthcare for everyone.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
Now compare that to
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„์š”์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”
10:16
Okay? There's a difference.
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. ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
Now interestingly, this expression
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„
10:20
'to stand by someone'
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'to stand by someone'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์€
10:23
has a very similar meaning, it's a similar idea.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
It's really nice when someone stands by you, right?
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜†์— ์žˆ์–ด์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ์ข‹๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
10:30
But this is an important expression to keep in mind
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
10:33
because the meaning is very similar
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์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€
10:35
to what we've just been talking about
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌ
10:38
but the preposition is different.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
Right? So you just need to take a note of it.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋งŒ ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
Right, so we've been over
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
10:45
all of the uses of 'with' as a preposition.
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'with'๋ฅผ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
But before we move on, I want you to
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
10:51
pause for a moment and write a few sentences
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์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ 
10:55
in the comments below
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10:56
to practise using what you've learned just now, okay?
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋ช‡ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
And I'll try and check them and
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ 
11:02
make sure I give you some feedback,
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๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ 
11:03
make sure that you're using them correctly.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด
11:06
Down there!
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์•„๋ž˜๋กœ!
11:08
All right, let's check out the preposition 'by' now.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ 'by'๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
11:12
Now it can be used to talk about general proximity.
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์ด์ œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ทผ์ ‘์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
So to show that someone is near
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
11:18
or close to something else.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด.
11:20
And it usually means that
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณดํ†ต
11:23
that thing is right beside it
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์— ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:25
or to the side of something else.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์˜†์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
Where did you park the car?
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์ฐจ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์— ์ฃผ์ฐจํ–ˆ์–ด?
11:33
Okay?
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11:33
So that means I parked near the supermarket.
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์ฃผ์ฐจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
My car is really close to the supermarket.
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๋‚ด ์ฐจ๋Š” ์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“๊ณผ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
It's probably right next to it.
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์•„๋งˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์— ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
So this is easy enough, right?
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์ด ์ •๋„๋ฉด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์‰ฝ์ฃ ?
11:54
Now
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ
11:56
there's a teeny weeny thing that you need
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ํ•  ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:58
to remember here.
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.
11:59
When 'by' is used with a verb that shows movement,
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by๋Š” ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์“ฐ์ผ ๋•Œ
12:03
it describes the movement past
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12:06
a person or a place or a thing.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์žฅ์†Œ, ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๋Š” ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
So 'by' with a movement verb shows us
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋™ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” 'by'๋Š”
12:12
that something is moving past another thing.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€๋‚˜์„œ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
So here, 'walk' is a verb that shows movement, right?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 'walk'๋Š” ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ฃ ?
12:25
So I walked past your office,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ 
12:26
I walked by your office.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
Now we also use 'by' to set a time limit.
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์ด์ œ 'by'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ œํ•œ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
So when 'by' is used with time, it means
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'by'๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉด
12:36
not later than a certain time.
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ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Šฆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
I can leave before seven thirty,
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7์‹œ 30๋ถ„ ์ „์—
12:46
or exactly at seven thirty
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๋˜๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ 7์‹œ 30๋ถ„์— ๋– ๋‚  ์ˆ˜
12:49
but I can't leave later than seven thirty.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ 7์‹œ 30๋ถ„ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ๋– ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
If I leave later,
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด
12:54
well, I'll be late for work.
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์ผ์— ๋Šฆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
Have your parents ever said that to you?
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:08
So in this lesson here, I actually go into more detail
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
13:12
about how we use 'by'
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'by'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:14
to talk about time.
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.
13:16
So if you want to go a little more deeper on that,
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์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด
13:19
click this link here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:21
We can also use 'by' to show
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'by'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:23
who or what is doing something
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13:25
when we're using the passive voice.
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.
13:34
So this is the passive voice.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
In English, we use the passive voice or the active voice
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:39
for different reasons.
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.
13:41
Actually I made a lesson on it a few months ago so it's
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ์ „์— ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
13:44
right here if you are curious about the passive voice.
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:52
So this is the passive voice.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
The active voice is
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๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ๋Š”
14:00
So in the first example I'm using the passive voice
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
14:04
to show that the emphasis is on the action,
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๊ฐ•์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ–‰๋™์— ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:07
not the person.
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.
14:08
The action is the most important thing in the sentence.
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ํ–‰๋™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
And we use 'by' to know who or what
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'by'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:15
is doing the action, if it's important.
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.
14:30
Now when you want to
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์ด์ œ
14:32
explain how an action will be done,
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์ž‘์—…์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ
14:34
you can also use 'by'.
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'by'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
So you're saying what is your
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€
14:40
method for arriving somewhere.
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์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
Or getting something done
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
14:45
or doing something.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
What is the way that you're going to do it?
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
14:49
In all of those different situations, you can use
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
14:52
'by' to explain how.
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'by'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
Okay? So bike was the method
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋Š”
15:03
that I used to get to work.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถœ๊ทผํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
Another one.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ.
15:19
Okay these are the methods to achieve the outcome.
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์ข‹์•„ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
All right, last one
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์ข‹์•„, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
15:25
and then we'll practise together, I promise.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ์Šตํ• ๊ฒŒ, ์•ฝ์†ํ• ๊ฒŒ.
15:29
We can use 'by' with a reflexive pronoun
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์žฌ๊ท€ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ 'by'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
15:33
to say that you'll do something alone.
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ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:36
Okay or a person is doing something alone.
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์ข‹์•„, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ˜ผ์ž ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
Now all personal pronouns have a reflexive
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์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ์นญ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š”
15:42
form in English, right?
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์žฌ๊ท€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ ?
15:44
So we have
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
15:51
Right? There's quite a few of them.
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
But you can use 'by' with a reflexive pronoun
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์žฌ๊ท€ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ 'by'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
15:57
to talk about doing something alone
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ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ
15:59
or without any help from anyone else.
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๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋„์›€ ์—†์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
So you would say 'by myself'
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ 'ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:08
That kind of thing.
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.
16:13
So that just means
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
16:14
that I don't need you, I can clean up on my own.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
Speaking of reflexive pronouns,
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์žฌ๊ท€ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™€์„œ ๋ง์ธ๋ฐ, '
16:29
let's go back to the preposition 'with' for a moment
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16:32
because 'with' can also be used with a reflexive pronoun
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with'๋„ ์žฌ๊ท€ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž ์‹œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ 'with'๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€
16:36
So remember that 'with'
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๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”
16:38
and a person
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16:40
means together, right?
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?
16:42
So 'with' and a reflexive pronoun, it's kind of like
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'with'์™€ ์žฌ๊ท€๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š”
16:45
saying together with oneself, right?
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์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ฃ ?
16:56
So he was talking to himself, probably just
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ˜ผ์žฃ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ . ์•„๋งˆ
16:59
inside his head, right?
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๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”
17:01
You don't have to speak out loud to have
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ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ 
17:03
a conversation with yourself, right?
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?
17:05
Cool, so let's look at a few situations
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๋ฉ‹์ง€๋„ค์š”.
17:09
where both 'with' and 'by' can be used correctly
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'with'์™€ 'by'๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
17:14
but of course,
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๋ฌผ๋ก 
17:15
it means the meaning changes
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์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:17
and this is where it can get a little confusing, all right?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:20
I want you to take your time here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:32
So I want you to think about
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
17:34
what's the difference in the meaning here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:37
Why have we used each of these prepositions
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
17:41
and what do they mean in each of these sentences?
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๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:44
I want you to pause the video for a moment
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์˜์ƒ์„ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ 
17:46
and write your answer in the comments.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ๋‹ต์„ ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:49
Okay so the first sentence.
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ฒซ ๋ฌธ์žฅ.
17:51
It uses 'by' to show who was doing the action,
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์•ก์…˜์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ดฌ์˜ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'by'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:55
who filmed the movie. It was Jerry.
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. ์ œ๋ฆฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:58
But in the second sentence, 'with' tells us
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ 'with'๋Š”
18:01
what was used to do the filming
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์ดฌ์˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€,
18:04
so what kind of equipment was used.
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์–ด๋–ค ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:07
Well it was an underwater camera, right?
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์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์˜€์ฃ ?
18:10
Let's try another one.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
18:20
So pause the video, think about the difference.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
18:23
Try and explain it in the answers.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
18:25
And I'll be down there to check soon.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณง ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:27
So I hope that you paused and you wrote your answer
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ๋‹ต์„ ์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:31
because I'm about to tell you it anyway.
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.
18:34
So in the first sentence, 'with' shows togetherness.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ 'with'๋Š” ๊ณต์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:37
The lady and the dog are together, it's probably her dog.
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๋ถ€์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ฐœ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:41
But in the second sentence,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ
18:43
'by' tells us the location of the lady. She's near the dog.
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'by'๋Š” ์ˆ™๋…€์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐœ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:48
It could be her dog but
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ฐœ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
18:50
maybe not, we don't really know.
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์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:52
Now that you know the rules about these prepositions,
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์•Œ์•˜์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
18:55
you'll be able to read through a few
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18:57
pages of your favourite English book
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์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ฑ…์˜ ๋ช‡ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ 
19:00
and start to recognise these different uses.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:03
Actually, that's a really great way to help you
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
19:06
remember what you learned in this lesson, to actually
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์ด ๋ ˆ์Šจ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
19:09
start practising,
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์—ฐ์Šต์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
19:11
looking for these prepositions
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ 
19:13
and trying to understand them.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:15
Now before you go, I've got a few last sentences
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ์–ด์š”
19:18
to practise with you, okay?
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, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
19:20
I'm going to give you some sentences
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋นˆ์นธ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ
19:22
and see if you can choose the correct preposition
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”
19:25
to go in the blank space, right?
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, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
19:28
So I want you to write your answers in the comments
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:30
below. I'm going to be down there checking them
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.
19:33
straight away after this lesson's live.
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์ด ๋ ˆ์Šจ์ด ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:36
And I don't want you to write
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋‹ต๋งŒ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
19:38
just the answer, I want you to tell me why
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์™œ
19:41
you've chosen that preposition.
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๊ทธ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:43
What's the meaning behind it, right?
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๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
19:46
Here we go!
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
19:52
Is it 'by' or 'with'?
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'์— ์˜ํ•ด'์ธ๊ฐ€์š”, 'ํ•จ๊ป˜'์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
19:54
It's 'by' right? Because we've got
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'์—' ๋งž์ฃ ?
19:56
a reflexive pronoun here
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19:59
to talk about doing something alone.
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ํ˜ผ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žฌ๊ท€ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:02
Right? Okay now it's your turn.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ์ข‹์•„, ์ด์ œ ๋„ค ์ฐจ๋ก€์•ผ.
20:05
What's the preposition?
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
20:13
Right?
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
20:15
Here's another one.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:24
So that's together, right?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•จ๊ป˜์ฃ ?
20:26
Fries and your burger together.
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๊ฐ์žํŠ€๊น€๊ณผ ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜.
20:29
Now it is possible to say
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์ด์ œ
20:31
'Would you like to order any fries by your burger?'
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'๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ ์˜†์— โ€‹โ€‹๊ฐ์žํŠ€๊น€์„ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:35
Sounds a bit weird though. That just means
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
20:38
on the plate, so next to the burger on your plate.
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์ ‘์‹œ ์œ„๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ ‘์‹œ ์œ„์˜ ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ ์˜†์— โ€‹โ€‹์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:42
So it's a way less common way of saying that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:45
It's not completely incorrect but it
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ง์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
20:46
certainly doesn't sound right.
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์˜ณ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:48
So 'with' is the correct option there.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'with'๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์˜ต์…˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:50
How about this one?
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์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ?
20:59
Right?
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
21:01
So here, 'by' is telling us that
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 'by'๋Š”
21:04
it's the method that something is done, right?
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ ?
21:12
This one?
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์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜?
21:21
We're using 'with' here to say that she has something.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 'with'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:26
Something. She has thirteen children.
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๋ฌด์—‡. ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์—ด์„ธ ๋ช…์˜ ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:29
Can you imagine that?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
21:30
It would be chaos!
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜ผ๋ˆ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
21:32
Absolute chaos!
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ˜ผ๋ˆ!
21:34
Okay, how about this one? We've got two.
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์ข‹์•„, ์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ? ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:41
Is it 'with' or 'by'? Where does it go?
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'ํ•จ๊ป˜'์ธ๊ฐ€์š”, '~์— ์˜ํ•ด'์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์š”?
21:48
Correct.
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์˜ณ์€.
21:49
Together with their parents.
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜.
21:51
And
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21:54
So next to the river.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ• ์˜†์—.
21:56
Last one.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰.
22:04
So it's
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
22:06
so we're together and
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
22:10
so that's the method of getting to work.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:14
So how did you go?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์…จ์–ด์š”?
22:16
I hope that you enjoyed that lesson
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22:18
especially the practice section at the end
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22:21
because you need to make sure that you're
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22:24
using the lessons that you learn here at mmmEnglish.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ mmmEnglish์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŠนํžˆ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์—ฐ์Šต ์„น์…˜์ด ๊ทธ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ์ฆ๊ฒผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:28
Like I said,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด,
22:29
practise while you read, just grab your favourite book,
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์ฝ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ , ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฑ…,
22:33
English book, or find an article online even,
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์˜์–ด ์ฑ…์„ ์ง‘๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
22:37
but then underline every 'with' and 'by' on the page.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  'with'์™€ 'by'์— ๋ฐ‘์ค„์„ ๊ธ‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:42
These words are so common, I'm sure you'll find
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
22:44
plenty of them.
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๋งŽ์ด ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:46
But what I want you to do is to then
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
22:49
be curious and try to understand or try to work out
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ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
22:54
why these different prepositions were used.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:57
It will really help your brain to remember this lesson.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:00
Now I would love to keep teaching you
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์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š”
23:03
more about prepositions right here.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:05
Or we can switch things up a little bit and maybe
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ
23:08
try this lesson instead.
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๋Œ€์‹  ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:10
But don't forget to subscribe and show your support
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ mmmEnglish ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
23:14
for the mmmEnglish channel
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23:15
and I will see you
403
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23:17
in one of these lessons.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—… ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:19
See you there!
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด์ž!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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