How to Stop the Metaverse from Becoming the Internet's Bad Sequel | Micaela Mantegna | TED

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Helen Chang

I hope you like memes,

希望各位喜歡迷因，

or the next few minutes will get very awkward.

不然接下來幾分鐘會很尷尬。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Memes are our internet's lingua franca.

迷因是網際網路的通用語言。

So as a video game scholar, but also a geek,

所以，身為電玩學者以及怪咖，

I will borrow them to talk about something you might probably have heard about.

我會借用迷因來談 一樣各位可能聽過的東西：

The metaverse.

元宇宙。

Dam-dam-dam-dam.

鏘—鏘—鏘—鏘。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I'm sorry, I don't have the license for that sound.

抱歉，我沒有這個音效的授權。

I know, I know.

我知道，我知道。

Sci-fi fans will be leaving comments on this video:

科幻迷會在這支影片下面留言：

“The metaverse is not a new idea.”

「元宇宙並非新的概念。」

In fact, as a TED premiere,

事實上，在我這場 TED 處女秀，

I want to showcase my research on 30 years of the metaverse,

我要帶來我這三十年來 對元宇宙的研究，

from its inception

從它的開端，

to its current trajectory.

談到它目前的發展方向。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

That's right, the metaverse is already on fire,

沒錯，元宇宙已經火紅了，

and we even have not built it yet.

我們甚至還沒把它建造出來呢。

That's efficiency.

那就是效率。

How can this happen?

怎麼會發生這種事？

Think of the metaverse as a Frankenstein

把元宇宙想成

用目前網際網路的 不同部分以及數位科技

made of different parts of current internet

and digital technologies.

組成的科學怪人。

Now with 3D visuals and touch.

現在，有了 3D 視覺和觸覺。

Between our physical reality and virtual reality,

我們的實體實境和虛擬實境之間

there are different layers of mixed and augmented reality,

有不同層次的混合和擴增實境，

where physical and digital objects blend.

在那裡，實體物體 與數位物體混在一起。

The metaverse will be somewhere across this spectrum

元宇宙會在這個光譜中的某處，

that I call "the reality gradient."

我稱之為「實境梯度」。

But we shouldn't let the 3D smoke and mirrors

但我們不該被這些 3D 的煙霧和鏡子

distract us from the fact that the metaverse is the internet,

分散注意力而忘了 元宇宙其實就是網際網路。

and as such,

也因此，

它也會承襲目前網際網路 商業模型的最糟特性。

it will inherit the worst traits of its current business models.

With premium access to our bodies,

對我們的身體有白金級的存取權，

VR headsets and sensors can extract

虛擬實境的頭戴顯示器 和感測器可以取得

huge amounts of involuntary data

大量我們無法控制的非自願性資料，

that we can't control, like heartbeats or blinks.

比如心跳或眨眼。

This will get even worse with neurotechnology,

若用的是神經科技，狀況更糟，

allowing to read and modify our brains

允許讀取和修改我們的大腦，

creating a capitalism of cognitive surveillance.

創造認知監測的資本主義。

We certainly don’t want the metaverse to become the bad sequel to the internet.

我們肯定不希望元宇宙 成為網際網路的爛續集。

So how do we fix it even before we build it?

所以，

在我們建造它之前要如何修正它？

By avoiding repeating past internet mistakes.

我們要避免重蹈網際網路的覆轍。

Understanding why we're building it,

要了解我們為什麼要建造它、

who can seize control of it

誰能取得它的控制權，

and what makes it different.

以及是什麼讓它與眾不同。

Huge questions and little time.

大哉問，但我們沒多少時間來談。

So let's focus on one key ingredient for metaverse success:

所以，讓我們把焦點放在 元宇宙成功的關鍵成份：

connection.

連結。

As a scholar,

身為學者，

connection means that the metaverse needs an architecture

連結就意味著元宇宙需要結構，

linking all the metaverses together

把所有其他的元宇宙連結起來，

in a way that we can travel across them.

讓我們能跨元宇宙移動。

Seems easy because jumping websites is already an internet feature.

似乎很容易，因為在網站間 跳來跳去已是網際網路的特色。

But that is because we don't carry our digital belongings with us.

但那是因為我們沒有隨身攜帶 我們的數位財產。

You can't take your Instagram likes to TikTok

你不能把你在 IG 得到的讚帶到抖音,

or your Roblox avatar to Fortnite.

也不能把機器磗塊的頭像 帶到要塞英雄。

To achieve that, we need content portability,

要達成這一點，就需要內容可攜性，

which is a very difficult engineering task,

而它是非常困難的工程工作，

one that requires an object to function

得要讓物件在不同的軟體環境中

and look consistently across different software environments.

都能夠運作且有一致的外觀。

But guess what?

但，猜猜如何？

It's also a lawyering problem

它也是律師業的問題，

because you need a complex structure of contracts

因為你需要複雜的合約結構，

to legally copy a digital object.

才能合法複製數位物件。

Just between ourselves,

別說出去，

let me tell you a little intellectual property secret.

我跟各位說一個智慧財產的小秘密。

Our digital goods are treated differently from their tangible counterparts.

數位物品受到的待遇 和實體物品不同。

Instead of ownership, we have a license to use them,

我們有的不是所有權，

而是使用它們的授權，

craftily limited by terms of service.

用服務條款巧妙地限制。

In the physical world,

在實體世界，

something called “copyright exhaustion” allows us to resell our goods.

所謂的「版權耗盡」

讓我們能重新出售我們的物品。

But courts don't agree if that applies to digital content.

但法庭不認同它可以 套用到數位內容上。

And without this digital exhaustion rule,

沒有數位耗盡規則，

exiting one metaverse will be like going through very strict customs,

離開一個元宇宙就會像是 要通過非常嚴格的海關，

one that will confiscate all your possessions

如果你想通過，就會 沒收你所有的財產。

if you want to get through.

So connection in the metaverse means interoperability.

元宇宙的連結就代表互操作性，

A coherent system of legal and technical standards

一個有一致性的法律 及技術標準系統，

for true decentralization.

可做到真正的分散化。

NFTs and blockchain can provide the technical tools,

NFT 和區塊鏈可以提供技術工具，

but they will never work without the legal counterpart.

但若沒有法律的工具， 仍然永遠行不通。

As an activist,

身為活動家，

connection means that the metaverse is the people.

連結就意味著：元宇宙即是人，

The communities that will breathe life and populate these worlds.

是會帶來生命力並居住在 這些世界中的社群。

Without humanity, the metaverse will be just a 3D ghost town.

若沒有人，元宇宙 就只是 3D 的廢棄鬼鎮。

But not everyone will be there

但並非所有人都會在那裡，

because we are not born equal into the metaverse.

因為在元宇宙，我們並非生而平等。

We are promised boundless worlds,

我們得到的保證是無邊無際的世界，

but in fact, we will be as free as we can afford to pay.

但事實上，我們能負擔 多少錢就有多少自由。

We need to find ways to create an inclusive metaverse,

我們得想辦法創造出包容的元宇宙，

one that keeps the best things of humanity online:

要把人性中最好的部分保存在線上：

kindness, creativity, cat memes.

仁慈、創意、貓咪迷因。

This is not wishful thinking.

這不是一廂情願的想法。

Kindness is a power house.

仁慈是能量的來源。

There are initiatives like Leyline

有像 Leyline 這樣的計畫，

creating a blockchain proof of good deeds

創造善行的區塊鏈證明；

or charity marathons like Games Done Quick.

也有慈善馬拉松， 如 Games Done Quick。

A game about sending anonymous letter to strangers

它是個遊戲，要發送 匿名信給陌生人，

might seem like a recipe for disaster,

似乎結果會是場災難，

but against all odds,

但，儘管困難重重，

over one million letters full of kindness were shared.

有超過一百萬封仁慈 滿滿的信件被分享出去。

People want to do good.

大家想做善事。

And now we have the technical means to escalate it to unprecedented levels.

現在我們有技術方法，可以 把它升級到前所未見的層級。

The metaverse may still be a work in progress,

元宇宙可能還是施工中的未完成品，

but that means we still have room and a chance to influence

但，那就表示我們仍然有空間和機會

去影響它會變成什麼樣子……

what it will become... open, accessible and inclusive.

開放、無障礙、包容。

It's not every day that humanity has the chance to create a new reality.

人類並不是每天都有機會 創造一個新的實境。

So my invitation to you: let's make it a good one.

所以，我邀請各位：咱們把它做好。

Thank you, read you in the comments.

謝謝，歡迎留言我會去讀的。

(Applause)

（掌聲）