Nuclear Power Is Our Best Hope to Ditch Fossil Fuels | Isabelle Boemeke | TED
150,993 views ・ 2022-09-19
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譯者: 麗玲 辛
審譯者: Zoe Walmsley
00:04
My life completely changed with one tweet.
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我的生命因一則推文完全改變。
00:09
This was back in 2015
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2015 年,
00:11
when Twitter was mostly a place
we went to see what Kanye was mad about.
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當時上推特主要是要追明星動態。
00:16
But then I saw it.
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可是有天我看到一則推文,
00:19
A tweet by a scientist I deeply admire,
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是我很欽佩的科學家
00:23
Dr. Carolyn Porco.
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卡羅琳·波爾科博士寫的。
00:26
Wait, I thought nuclear energy was bad.
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咦?我以為核能是壞東西,
00:30
Yet here is a scientist
and a TED speaker
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但這位科學家兼 TED 講者
00:33
making it sound good.
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卻給核能滿好的評價。
00:37
It sent me on a journey,
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因此我開始探索這個問題。
00:38
I spent years reading papers,
talking to scientists,
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我花了好幾年讀研究報告、
和科學家對話,
00:43
and I always asked them the same question:
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而我總是問他們同樣的問題:
00:47
What do you think about nuclear power?
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「請問你對核能的看法?」
00:50
Their responses were shockingly similar.
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他們的回答出乎意料地相似。
00:53
It's good.
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核能是好的。
00:55
We need it.
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我們需要核能。
00:57
People hate it.
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人們討厭核能。
01:00
In the last seven years,
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過去這七年,
01:02
I've seen climate change go
from being a scary thing of the future
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我看到氣候變遷每況愈下,
從未來式的恐怖事件變成現在進行式。
01:06
to being a scary thing of the present.
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01:10
My wake-up call came after seeing
the fires ravage the world in California,
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喚醒我的是肆虐世界各地的大火──
加州、澳洲、
01:16
in Australia
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01:17
and in my home country of Brazil.
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還有我的家鄉,巴西。
01:21
I decided I wanted to turn
my growing sense of anger and despair
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我決定將日益高漲的憤怒與絕望
01:27
into something helpful and productive.
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用在有建設性的事上。
01:31
So I had an unusual idea:
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我有個不尋常的想法:
01:35
I should be a nuclear energy influencer.
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我可以為核能發聲。
01:41
I wanted to make nuclear energy cool.
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我想讓核能變得很酷。
01:45
Inspired by internet culture,
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受到網路文化的啟發,
01:47
I created a digital version of me
and called her Isodope.
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我創作了一個數位版本的我,
取名為「同位素」。
01:53
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:54
She's sassy,
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她很時髦,
01:57
a little weird,
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有點怪,
01:58
but she always tells the truth.
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但她總是說實話。
02:00
And here, you can see her in action.
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我們可以看一下她工作的樣子。
02:03
(Video) Hey, guys, a lot of you
asked about my make-up routine.
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(影片)嗨,大家好!
很多人問我化粧步驟,
02:06
The most important thing
is to wash your face really well,
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最重要的是把你的臉洗乾淨,
讓每個毛孔都跟家中用電一樣乾淨,
02:09
because we want those pores as clean
as we want our electricity.
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得到潔淨能源最好的方法
是這個品牌的清潔劑──
02:12
And the best way to get that
is to use this cleanser called --
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「幫幫忙,別再關核電廠了」
02:15
stop shutting down nuclear plants,
for Christ's sake.
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因為核能是無碳、無排放、
無污染的能源。
02:17
It's carbon-free, emission-free,
pollution-free electricity.
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然後是這款來自植物的精華液──
02:20
Then I use this plant-based
serum called --
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「關閉核電廠,改換石油。」
02:22
when a nuclear plant is shut down,
it is replaced by fossil fuels.
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那會很糟糕。
02:25
That's bad.
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(掌聲)
02:27
(Applause and cheers)
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(歡呼聲)
02:32
Isodope is like a dealer of good memes.
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同位素有點像是「優良迷因經銷商」。
02:36
When I say meme, you probably think
of something like this.
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聽到迷因,你可能聯想到這個:
[德國對煤吹口哨,核能翻白眼]
02:41
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
02:47
What I mean by it is a fixed belief
or idea, good or bad,
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我其實只是想說:
迷因是固定思維,不論好壞,
02:53
that spreads from person to person
and defines how we see the world.
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這思維在人與人間流傳,
決定我們如何看這個世界。
02:58
For example,
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例如:
03:00
people should have equal rights.
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「人應擁有平等權利」、
03:03
Birds aren't real.
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「鳥類並非真實存在」。
03:06
It's a thing.
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真的有這個說法。
03:07
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
03:08
Nuclear energy is bad.
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「核能發電不好」。
03:13
When it comes to nuclear power,
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當講到核能,
03:15
the world has been sold a bad meme.
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世人被灌輸一個負面的迷因,
03:18
An outdated one.
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一個過時的迷因。
03:20
Let's go back in time.
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讓我們回顧歷史,
03:22
It all started with the anti-nuclear
movement of the 1970s.
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1970 年代,反核運動開始。
03:28
The movement was driven in large part
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這個風潮很大部份是
03:31
by an understandable fear
of nuclear weapons.
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來自對核子武器的合理恐懼。
03:34
And I get it.
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這我理解。
03:35
It must have been terrifying
to grow up in the '50s and '60s
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在 50、60 年代成長的人們
03:40
fearing a nuclear attack.
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一定很害怕核武攻擊。
03:43
But here's the problem.
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但是問題是,
03:45
Their logic was: nuclear bombs are bad,
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他們的邏輯是:核彈是可怕的,
03:49
therefore nuclear energy is bad.
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因此核能也是可怕的。
03:53
Which, if you think about it,
is like saying: the electric chair is bad,
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仔細一想,這好比說,電椅很可怕,
03:58
therefore electricity is bad.
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所以電也很可怕。
04:02
The case against nuclear power
was never based on science,
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反對核能的論點從未有任何科學基礎,
04:07
but the anti-nuclear meme was very catchy.
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反核的迷因卻好聽易記。
04:12
In the decades that followed,
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在接下來的幾十年中,
04:14
aspiring engineers didn't choose
nuclear engineering.
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有抱負的工程師們
不會選擇從事核能工程,
04:18
Politicians got points
for closing nuclear plants,
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政客關閉核能廠,獲取支持,
04:23
even though it always led
to higher carbon emissions.
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即使下場是更高的碳排。
04:27
The meme even snuck into people's homes,
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這個迷因甚至能在每星期日的晚上八點
04:31
every Sunday night at eight,
without them knowing.
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神出鬼沒地潛入人們家中。
04:35
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
[辛普森卡通]
04:37
I wish Homer had worked at a coal plant.
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我多希望荷馬是在火力發電廠工作。
04:40
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:42
In the last 10 years,
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過去十年中,
04:44
we have spent trillions
of dollars on renewables,
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我們花了好幾兆開發可再生能源,
04:47
yet we only get eight percent
of our electricity from wind and solar.
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可是風力與太陽能
全部只佔總體電力的8%。
04:52
Now, don't get me wrong,
I love renewables,
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別誤會,我喜歡可再生能源。
04:54
but to me, it's clear that we need more.
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但就我而言,很明顯的
我們需要更多能源,
04:58
We need a source of energy that's clean
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我們需要乾淨的能源,
05:01
and works 24/7 to complement them.
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能夠不間斷地生產。
05:04
And it's been sitting right
in front of us this whole time,
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但是,這樣的能源一直在我們眼前,
05:07
but we have ignored it
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我們卻視而不見,
05:09
because we're too blinded by the meme.
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因為反核迷因使我們盲目。
05:13
Now most people today
aren't exactly anti-nuclear
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現今多數人並非真的反核,
05:17
as much as they’re “meh.”
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而是漠不關心。
05:20
Not passionately against it,
but they've heard of Chernobyl.
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雖說不是積極反核,
他們卻都聽過車諾比,
05:25
They've seen images
of leaking green barrels.
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及照片中漏出放射線物質的綠色桶子,
05:28
They have a vague feeling it's bad.
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他們隱約感覺核能不是好東西。
05:32
And remember, that's where I used to be.
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我以前就是這樣,
05:35
Until I saw this chart.
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直到發現這張圖。
[投影片標題:最安全乾淨的能源]
05:39
The only thing you need
to take away from this chart
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這張圖上唯一需要記得的是:
05:42
is that nuclear power
has the lowest life cycle emissions
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所有的能源種類中,核能的
生命週期碳排量是最低的,
05:45
of all energy sources,
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05:47
producing only three tons of CO2
per gigawatt hour of electricity.
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每一吉瓦的發電量
只排放三噸的二氧化碳。
05:52
And I could keep talking like this
all day long, but let's be real,
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我可以繼續談一整天數據,
但讓我們面對現實,
05:56
this is not changing minds
on social media.
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這改變不了社群媒體上的想法。
05:59
So I do things a little bit differently.
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所以我做了點不一樣的事:
06:04
(Video) The reality is that nuclear is one
of the safest forms of energy.
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(影片)其實核能是
最安全的能源形式之一。
問題是核事故讓人印象深刻,
06:08
The problem is that nuclear
accidents are dramatic.
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而石油帶來的破壞卻無聊到讓我睡著。
06:10
While fossil fuel damage is boring.
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06:12
I'm literally falling asleep
talking about it.
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近期研究指出每年有
870 萬人的死因與燃油相關,
06:14
Recent studies say that 8.7 million people
die from burning them every year.
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06:18
This would be like having
5.8 Chernobyls a day.
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相當於每天發生
5.8 次車諾比核災。
06:21
I'm just a humble influencer,
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我只是個卑微的網紅,
06:22
but I think this means
fossil fuels are worse.
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在我看來,石油比核能更糟。
06:26
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
06:27
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
06:32
Most people have a feeling
airplanes are more dangerous than cars
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大部份人覺得飛機比汽車危險,
06:36
because when a plane crashes,
it makes the headlines.
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因為每當飛機墜毀就成為頭條新聞,
06:39
It's memorable.
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人們會記得很清楚。
06:41
Of course, we know the opposite is true.
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當然我們知道事實是相反的,
06:45
Planes are significantly safer than cars,
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飛機比汽車安全得多,
06:48
just like nuclear power
is significantly safer than fossil fuels.
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就像核能比石化燃料安全得多。
06:54
In this next video, Isodope
will address the idea
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下個影片中,同位素要探討的是:
06:58
that we don't know
what to do with nuclear waste.
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「我們無法處理核廢料」。
07:02
(Video) I'm sure you don't know
what to do with it,
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我確定你不知道怎麼處理,
07:05
but there are people who spent
decades studying this issue.
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許多人花了幾十年研究這個課題,
07:07
They're called scientists.
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他們叫做科學家。
[梗圖:聽專家的話]
07:09
Finland is almost done building
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芬蘭已經快要蓋好
07:11
the world's first nuclear
waste repository.
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世界第一座核廢料儲藏庫。
07:13
They're storing it deep underground
in geologically stable locations.
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他們要將核廢料儲藏在
既深且地質穩定的地底下。
07:16
Sweden is about to do the same.
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瑞典也要開始這麼做。
07:18
I know you're worried about what may
happen 19,000 years from now, but ...
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我猜你在擔心一萬九千年後的問題……
07:21
(Loud buzzing)
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(警報聲)
07:25
Again, just a humble influencer,
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當然,我只是個小網紅,
07:27
but we might not make it that far
if we keep burning fossil fuels.
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只是,如果我們繼續燒石油,
可能撐不到那時吧?
07:30
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
07:35
By the way, most think nuclear
energy waste looks like this.
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順道一提,很多人以為
核廢料長得像這樣。
07:40
It actually looks like this.
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事實上是像這樣……
07:43
Fully contained in concrete casks
that are so good at blocking radiation
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包裝在這種水泥桶裏,
完全阻隔放射線,
07:49
I might do a photo shoot there.
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我還能在那拍照。
07:52
Now, a more modern objection
to nuclear power
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現在有個較新的反核原因……
07:55
is that it's too slow.
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說核能太慢了,
07:58
It takes too long to build.
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因為核能廠要蓋很久。
08:01
Well, I'm sure Isodope has something
to say about that.
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關於這點,我相信同位素有話要說。
08:07
(Video) (Isodope claps)
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(影片)(同位素拍手)
08:09
Finally, an argument
that isn't older than me.
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總算有個論點比我年輕,
08:12
Unfortunately, it still sucks.
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不幸的是,這個論點還是很爛。
08:14
In the '70s, France built
45 reactors in 15 years.
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70 年代,法國在 15 年內
蓋了 45 個反應爐。
08:17
More recently, Japan, China and Korea
have built reactors in six years or less.
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近年,日本、中國和南韓
只花六年就蓋好反應爐,
08:21
So this means BTS is blow-drying
their hair with clean energy.
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這代表 BTS 的吹風機
使用的是乾淨的能源。
08:25
Even if it takes 10 years to build one,
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即使建造工程得花上十年,
08:27
nuclear power plants can make clean
and reliable electricity
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核電廠可持續生產乾淨、可靠的電力
08:29
for at least 80 years.
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至少 80 年。
08:31
This --
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這點……
08:32
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
08:36
This idea that it takes too long
to build plants is confusing,
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核電工程耗時太長的說法令人困惑,
08:41
considering we're going
to need energy forever.
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因為我們對能源的需求永不間斷。
08:45
You know, the best time
to build nuclear plants
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是的,蓋廠的最佳時機是十年前,
08:48
was 10 years ago.
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08:51
The next best time is today.
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再來就是現在。
08:55
Now we’ve finally arrived at the most
fashionable objection at the moment:
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最後,我們來談談
現今最時髦的反核論:
09:03
nuclear power is too expensive.
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核能太貴。
09:07
I'm going to take that one.
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這個就交給本尊我來好了。
09:09
A little weird to say something
is too expensive
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嫌棄價格高昂是不是有怪?
09:13
to save the future of our species,
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如果目的是拯救人類的未來?
09:16
but I get it, cost matters.
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我可以理解,成本很重要。
09:19
Here's the thing.
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問題是,
09:21
We know how to make clean energy cheaper.
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我們知道如何降低潔淨能源的成本。
09:24
It's not rocket science.
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無須用到什麼高深科技,
09:26
You build the same thing
over and over and over.
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同樣的東西不斷重複生產,
成本自然降低。
09:31
Solar, 10 years ago, was also
considered "too expensive,"
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十年前太陽能也被認為「太貴」,
09:35
but we decided it was cool
and invested in it.
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後來大家覺得太陽能很酷,開始投資,
09:40
Like magic, the costs
have dropped by 90 percent.
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就像變魔術一樣,
太陽能成本下降了 90%。
09:45
One way to make nuclear cheaper
is with small modular reactors like these.
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降低核能成本的方法之一是
這種小型模組化反應爐。
09:52
China just finished building
their own version.
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中國剛蓋完他們自己的模組。
09:56
Poland will use a similar technology
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波蘭也會使用類似的科技,
09:59
to convert their aging coal plants
into nuclear plants.
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將舊的火力發電廠改造為核電廠。
他們使用相同的建築,
一樣的傳輸線,
10:04
They'll use the same building,
the same transmission lines,
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10:06
even retrain the same workers.
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甚至重新訓練原本的員工。
10:09
But now making clean energy
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只是改產潔淨能源,
10:12
instead of buying dirty fuels
from dictators.
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而非向獨裁者購買骯髒的燃料。
這讓我起了一個瘋狂的念頭:
10:18
Which leads me to a crazy idea.
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10:21
What if instead of viewing
nuclear power as destructive,
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與其只看核能的毀滅性,
我們何不將它視為促進
能源獨立、和平的力量?
10:27
we view it as a force
for energy independence
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10:31
and even peace.
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10:33
What if this technology offers
our best hope for the future?
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萬一核能科技正是
人類未來最大的希望呢?
10:39
A future where wars aren't funded
by our addiction to fossil fuels.
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屆時,沒有人能靠賣石油支持戰爭,
10:46
A future where energy is clean.
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在這個未來,能源是潔淨的。
10:50
A future where electricity
finally makes its way
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在這個未來,終於有足夠的電力
10:54
to the 700 million people on Earth
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為地球上的七億人口所用,
其中很多人現在還無電可用。
10:57
who still don't have access to it.
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11:01
The idea that nuclear power is bad
is costing us that future.
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認為核能不好的想法
正在扼殺那個未來。
11:07
And it's time to let go of it.
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現在正是將之摒棄的時候。
11:10
I'm not asking you to build a reactor.
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我不求你去蓋反應爐,
11:15
I'm not asking you to rewrite
"The Simpsons."
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也不求你去改寫「辛普森家庭」。
11:18
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
11:20
I'm not even asking you to sign
a petition on Change.org.
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我甚至不要你去
Change.org 簽署請願書,
11:26
All I'm asking you is to please,
join me in spreading the meme.
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我只想請求你幫我分享這個迷因。
11:31
Nuclear energy is cool.
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核能是好的。
11:35
Thank you.
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謝謝你。
11:36
(Cheers and applause)
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(歡呼聲)
(掌聲)
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