The African Swamp Protecting Earth's Environment | Vera Songwe | TED

30,554 views ・ 2022-04-19

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譯者: gisele chan 審譯者: Amanda Zhu
00:04
There is a play by one of my favorite writers,
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有一部戲由一位 我很喜歡的作家創作的
00:08
Nobel laureate Wole Soyinka,
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諾貝爾獲獎者渥雷·索因卡
00:11
I would like to tell you about,
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我想和你介紹這部戲
00:12
"The Swamp Dwellers."
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「沼澤居民」
00:15
"The Swamp Dwellers" are about a blind beggar
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「沼澤居民」是關於一個盲人乞丐
00:18
who attempts to buy a piece of swampland
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試圖購買一塊沼澤地的故事
00:21
because he believes that the swamps will provide him
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因為他相信沼澤地會給他
00:24
with a better livelihood.
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更好的生計
00:26
However, the villagers in that swamp believe
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然而,那片沼澤地的村民相信
00:30
that deep in the forests of the swamp lies a deity
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在沼澤地的森林深處有一位神靈
00:34
whose job is to protect them from all misfortune.
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其職責是保護他們免遭一切不幸
00:40
There is another swamp
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還有另一個沼澤
00:42
that protects us from misfortune.
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也保護我們免遭不幸
00:46
And holds the promise of humanity's survival.
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並為人類的生存帶來了希望
00:51
Those are the peatlands of the Congo Basin.
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這是剛果盆地的泥炭苔地
00:56
The peatlands of the Congo Basin
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剛果盆地的泥炭苔地
00:59
are a lush, vast, expanse of weeds, shrubs
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是一片茂密廣闊的雜草、灌木和樹木
01:06
and trees that absorb carbon
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它們從大氣中吸收碳
01:10
from the atmosphere.
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01:12
They span 145,000 kilometers.
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緜延 145,000 公里
01:17
The peat formations began 10,000 years ago,
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泥炭苔層始於一萬年前
01:22
when man moved from hunter-gatherer to farmer.
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當人類從狩獵採集者轉變為農民時
01:28
Nature, I guess, figured, "I better start protecting myself."
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大自然想:「我最好開始保護自己。」
01:34
A couple of years ago,
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幾年前
01:36
scientists discovered that these tropical peatlands
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科學家們發現這些熱帶泥炭苔地
01:40
are probably the largest carbon sink in the world.
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可能是世界上最大的碳匯
01:45
They store 30 billion tons of carbon.
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它們儲存了 300 億噸碳
01:53
If they did not exist,
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如果它們不存在,
01:55
we would have probably already stepped beyond
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我們可能已經超越
02:00
the threshold of 1.5 degrees of warming.
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升溫 1.5 度的臨界值
02:04
However, the peatlands are under threat.
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然而,泥炭地正受到威脅
02:10
We have, of course, oil explorations being contemplated.
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當然,我們還在考慮進行石油勘探
02:16
Logging licenses have already been awarded.
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更多伐木許可證已經被授予
02:20
And many of the communities that live around the peatlands
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許多生活在泥炭苔地周圍的居民
02:24
have just this for survival.
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只能靠泥炭苔生存
02:27
We have all collectively seen,
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我們都看到
02:31
in the Amazon forest,
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在亞馬遜森林
02:34
burning down because of economic interest.
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因為經濟利益而燒毀
02:39
Turning this forest from carbon sink to carbon source.
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將這片森林從碳匯轉變為碳排放源
02:45
We have witnessed, in Indonesia, the swamps drained
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我們目睹印度尼西亞 沼澤地的水被排乾
02:51
for palm oil plantations.
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用於棕櫚油種植園
02:53
Turning them from carbon sink to carbon source.
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將它們從碳匯轉變為碳排放源
02:59
It will be devastating if the same fate
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如果同樣的命運 降臨剛果盆地的泥炭苔地
03:03
were to befall the peatlands of the Congo Basin.
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那有毀滅性的結果
03:09
The peatlands are a passion of mine.
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泥炭苔地是我的熱情所在
03:12
I believe they must be protected.
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我相信它必須受到保護
03:17
But we must also, in this fight against climate change,
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但我們還必須在與氣候變遷的鬥爭中
03:22
ensure that responsibility and accountability
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確保責任和問責的適當分配
03:27
are adequately apportioned.
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03:31
The world emits over 54 billion tons of carbon.
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世界排放超過 540 億噸碳
03:36
The peatlands of the Congo Basin absorb a large majority of that.
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剛果盆地的泥炭苔地 吸收了其中很大的一部分,
03:42
Africa emits 1.2 billion tons of carbon a year.
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非洲一年排放 12 億噸碳
03:49
And the communities that live around the peatlands
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生活在泥炭苔地周圍的居民
03:54
have no access to basic services.
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無法獲得基本的公共服務
03:59
Education, health care,
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像是教育、醫療、乾淨的飲用水
04:02
clean drinking water, an adequate meal,
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以及充足的膳食
04:06
good transportation, technology.
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還有便利的交通、技術等
04:08
Clearly, they are not tweeting.
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顯然,他們無法發推文
04:15
The peatlands are an economic asset,
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泥炭苔地是一種經濟資產
04:19
which, if valued appropriately, could provide the stepping stone
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如果適當地加以重視
它可以為居民生計的改善提供墊腳石
04:25
for these communities to improve their livelihoods.
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04:30
Nature has acted already as a store of value for the peatlands.
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大自然已經為泥炭苔地蘊藏價值
04:37
A kind of federal reserve.
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像是一種聯邦儲備
04:40
Now, imagine if we had a price for carbon at 50 dollars.
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現在,想像一下如果 我們的碳價格是 50 美元
04:46
With 30 billion tons of carbon sequestered in the peatlands,
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泥炭苔地儲存了 300 億噸碳
04:52
we're talking at 1.5 trillion.
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我們說的是 1.5 兆
04:58
A peatland development fund
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泥炭苔地發展基金
05:01
could help us today to address the stubborn
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可以幫助我們立即解決
非洲大陸今天所面臨的
05:05
and seemingly persistent developmental challenges
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頑固以及看似永遠解決不了的發展挑戰
05:10
that the continent faces today.
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05:16
This is not just about decarbonization.
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這不僅僅關乎脫碳
05:20
This is also about development with dignity.
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這也關乎在發展時保持尊嚴
05:26
This is about equity.
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關乎平等
05:28
It is about justice, and it is about transparency.
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關乎正義,也關乎透明度
05:33
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
05:38
Indeed, Africa has not contributed enormously
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事實上,氣候變遷的造成
05:44
to the climate crisis.
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非洲的責任很小
05:46
But we have visibly contributed enormously to keeping the planet alive.
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但我們顯然為保持地球的生生不息
做出了巨大貢獻
05:55
We can, therefore ...
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所以我們可以……
05:56
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
06:00
Not expect, but as the blind beggar,
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不心存期待,但作為盲人乞丐
06:05
we continue to plead for assistance to achieve a better livelihood,
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我們繼續懇求援助以改善生計
06:10
and we certainly cannot be like Wole Soyinka’s swamp dwellers
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我們當然不能像 沃爾索因卡的沼澤居民
06:17
who wait patiently while the world overlooks
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在世界忽略和破壞 非洲對氣候變遷的貢獻時
06:21
and undermines Africa's contribution to climate change.
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還耐心等待
06:28
Science has recognized Africa's contribution.
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科學已經肯定非洲的貢獻
06:32
I ask you to join me in recognizing Africa's contribution,
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我請你和我一起來肯定非洲的貢獻
06:38
and collectively,
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我們要共同地
06:40
we must ask the markets to recognize
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要求市場肯定並適當回饋
06:44
and adequately reward Africa's contribution
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非洲的貢獻
06:48
by putting a price on carbon.
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這要透過為碳定價來達成
06:51
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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