How we can help the "forgotten middle" reach their full potential | Danielle R. Moss
44,126 views ・ 2019-03-14
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譯者: Lilian Chiu
審譯者: Bighead Ge
00:12
So, I want to talk to you
about the forgotten middle.
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我想要和各位談談
被遺忘的中間人物。
00:18
To me, they are the students,
coworkers and plain old regular folks
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對我來說,他們是學生、同事,
以及通常會被忽視的一般人,
00:24
who are often overlooked
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00:26
because they're seen
as neither exceptional nor problematic.
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因為他們既不特別,
又不會惹麻煩。
00:31
They're the kids we think we can ignore
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中間人物包括我們認為
可以忽視的孩子,
00:34
because their needs for support
don't seem particularly urgent.
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因為他們對支持的需求
似乎沒有特別迫切。
00:39
They're the coworkers
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中間人物還包括一種同事,
00:41
who actually keep the engines
of our organizations running,
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組織的引擎能持續運作
其實要仰賴他們,
00:45
but who aren't seen as the innovators
who drive excellence.
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但他們並不被視為
是讓組織更傑出的創新者。
00:50
In many ways, we overlook
the folks in the middle
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在許多層面上,
我們會忽視中間地帶的人,
00:54
because they don't keep us
up awake at night
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是因為他們不會讓我們難以入眠,
00:57
wondering what crazy thing
they're going to come up with next.
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擔心著他們接下來
會想出什麼瘋狂點子。
01:00
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:02
And the truth is that we've come
to rely on their complacency
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事實是,我們已經漸漸
依靠起他們的自我滿足
01:07
and sense of disconnection
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和疏離感,
01:10
because it makes our work easier.
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因為這樣讓我們比較容易做事。
01:14
You see, I know a little bit
about the forgotten middle.
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對於被遺忘的中間人物,
我略有所知。
01:18
As a junior high school student,
I hung out in the middle.
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讀高中時,我就混在中間地帶。
01:23
For a long time,
I had been a good student.
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我過去一直是個好學生。
01:27
But seventh grade was a game changer.
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但七年級時發生了轉變。
01:31
I spent my days gossiping, passing notes,
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我把時間花在聊八卦、傳紙條,
01:35
generally goofing off with my friends.
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一般來說都是和我朋友
在遊手好閒。
01:38
I spent my homework time on the phone,
reviewing each day's events.
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我把做功課的時間拿來講電話,
回顧一整天發生的事。
01:44
And in many ways, although I was
a typical 12-year-old girl,
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在許多層面上,
雖然我是個典型的十二歲女孩,
01:51
my ambivalence about my education
led to pretty average grades.
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我對於我的教育有著很矛盾的
心理,導致我的成績非常普通。
01:59
Luckily for me, my mother understood
something important,
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我很幸運,我媽媽
了解一件很重要的事,
02:05
and that was that my location
was not my destination.
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那就是:我所在的位置
並不是我最終會達到的位置。
02:11
As a former research librarian
and an educator,
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身為前研究圖書館館員和教育家,
02:16
my mother knew that I was capable
of accomplishing a lot more.
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我媽媽知道我有能力
達到更高的成就。
02:22
But she also understood
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但她也了解,
02:24
that because I was a young
black woman in America,
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因為我是身在美國的
年輕黑人女性,
02:28
I might not have opportunities
out of the middle
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待在中間地帶,
我可能不會有機會,
02:31
if she wasn't intentional
about creating them.
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除非她刻意去創造機會。
02:36
So she moved me to a different school.
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所以,她把我送到另一所學校。
02:40
She signed me up for leadership
activities in my neighborhood.
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她幫我報名參加我們
鄰里中的領導力活動。
02:45
And she began to talk to me more seriously
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她開始更嚴肅地跟我談
02:48
about college and career options
I could aspire to.
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我可以追求的大學和職涯選擇。
02:53
My mother's formula for getting me
out of the middle was pretty simple.
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我媽媽用來把我帶離
中間地帶的公式相當簡單。
02:59
She started with high expectations.
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她從高期望開始。
03:03
She made it her business to figure out
how to set me up for success.
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她認為,想辦法讓我為成功
做好準備是她的責任。
03:08
She held me accountable
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她協助我放手去做,
03:12
and, along the way,
she convinced me that I had the power
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在過程中,她讓我相信,
我有能力可以開創我自己的故事。
03:18
to create my own story.
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03:22
That formula didn't just help me
get out of my seventh grade slump --
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這公式不僅協助我脫離了
我七年級的萎靡——
03:27
I used it later on in New York City,
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後來我還把這公式用在紐約市,
03:30
when I was working with kids
who had a lot of potential,
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那時我要服務的是很有潛力
卻沒有很多機會
03:33
but not a lot of opportunities
to go to and complete college.
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可以上大學、完成大學學業的孩子。
03:38
You see, high-performing students
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要知道,表現好的學生
03:41
tend to have access
to additional resources,
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通常比較能取得額外的資源,
03:45
like summer enrichment activities,
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比如暑期成長營隊、
03:48
internships
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實習機會,
03:49
and an expansive curriculum
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以及廣泛的課程,
03:51
that takes them out of the classroom
and into the world
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讓他們能夠離開教室
到世界上去見識學習,
03:55
in ways that look great
on college applications.
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且把這些活動寫在大學
申請表上很有加分作用。
03:59
But we're not providing
those kinds of opportunities for everyone.
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但我們並沒有把那些機會
提供給每一個人。
04:04
And the result isn't just
that some kids miss out.
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結果並不只是
某些孩子損失了機會。
04:08
I think we, as a society, miss out too.
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我認為,我們整個社會
也損失了機會。
04:11
You see, I've got a crazy theory
about the folks in the middle.
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關於這些中間地帶的人,
我有個很瘋狂的理論。
04:16
I think there are some unclaimed
winning lottery tickets in the middle.
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我認為在中間地帶
有一些無主的中獎彩券。
04:22
I think the cure for cancer
and the path to world peace
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我認為,癌症的解藥
以及通往世界和平的路
04:26
might very well reside there.
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可能都存在於這個地帶。
04:29
Now, as a former middle school teacher,
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身為前中學老師,
04:31
I'm not saying that magically everyone
is suddenly going to become an A student.
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我的意思並不是說人人都會
很神奇地突然變成優等生。
04:37
But I also believe
that most folks in the middle
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但我也相信,大部分的中間人物
04:40
are capable of a lot more.
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都有能力可以做更好。
04:43
And I think people stay in the middle
because that's where we relegated them to
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我認為,中間人物會待在中間,
是因為我們把他們歸在那裡,
04:48
and, sometimes, that's just
where they're kind of chilling
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有時,他們只是
在中間地帶冷靜一下,
04:51
while they figure things out.
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讓他們能想通一些事。
04:54
All of our journeys
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我們所有人的旅程,
04:56
are made up of a series of rest stops,
accelerations, losses and wins.
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都是由一連串暫停、
加速、失敗,和獲勝所組成。
05:03
We have a responsibility to make sure
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我們有責任要確保
05:06
that one's racial, gender, cultural
and socioeconomic identity
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一個人的種族、性別、
文化,和社經身分
05:13
is never the reason you didn't have
access out of the middle.
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絕對不是你沒有辦法
離開中間地帶的理由。
05:19
So, just as my mother did with me,
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所以,就像我媽媽幫我的方式,
05:22
I began with high expectations
with my young people.
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我也在一開始就對
我接觸的年輕人採用高期望。
05:26
And I started with a question.
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我用一個問題當開端。
05:28
I stopped asking kids,
"Hey, do you want to go to college?"
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我不再問孩子:
「嘿,你想要上大學嗎?」
05:33
I started asking them,
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我開始問他們:
05:35
"What college would you like to attend?"
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「你想要上哪一所大學?」
05:38
You see, the first question --
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要知道,第一個問題——
05:40
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
05:45
The first question leaves
a lot of vague possibilities open.
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第一個問題還留下很多開放空間,
有許多模糊的可能性。
05:50
But the second question
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但第二個問題
05:52
says something about what I thought
my young people were capable of.
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傳達的是我認為這些
年輕人們能夠做到什麼。
05:57
On a basic level,
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基本上,
05:58
it assumes that they're going to
graduate from high school successfully.
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這個問題就假設了
他們會順利從高中畢業。
06:03
It also assumed
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它也假設了
06:05
that they would have
the kinds of academic records
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他們會有夠好的學業成績
06:08
that could get them college
and university admissions.
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讓他們能進入大專院校。
06:13
And I'm proud to say
that the high expectations worked.
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我能很驕傲地說,
高期望是有用的。
06:18
While black and Latinx students
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雖然全國的黑人和拉丁裔學生
06:20
nationally tend to graduate from college
in six years or less,
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通常在六年以內就從大學畢業的
06:25
at a percent of 38,
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比例是 38%,
06:28
we were recognized by the College Board
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但美國大學理事會認可我們
06:31
for our ability not to just
get kids into college
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不僅有能力可以幫助孩子上大學,
06:34
but to get them through college.
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同時也能幫助他們讀完大學。
06:37
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
06:43
But I also understand
that high expectations are great,
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但,我也了解,
雖然高期望是很棒的,
06:47
but it takes a little bit more than that.
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但光靠高期望還不夠。
06:49
You wouldn't ask a pastry chef
to bake a cake without an oven.
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你不會要求糕餅師傅
在沒有烤箱的情況下烘培蛋糕。
06:54
And we should not be asking
the folks in the middle to make the leap
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我們若要要求
中間地帶的人做出躍進,
06:58
without providing them with the tools,
strategies and support they deserve
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就必須要提供他們應得的
工具、策略,和支援,
讓他們能在生活中有所進步。
07:04
to make progress in their lives.
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07:08
A young woman I had been
mentoring for a long time, Nicole,
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有一位女子叫做妮可,
我指導她好一段時間了,
07:12
came to my office one day,
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有一天她到我的辦公室來,
07:14
after her guidance counselor
looked at her pretty strong transcript
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不久前,她的指導顧問
看了她很不錯的成績單,
07:20
and expressed utter shock and amazement
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表示非常震驚和詫異,無法相信
07:22
that she was even interested
in going to college.
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她竟然對讀大學有興趣。
07:26
What the guidance counselor didn't know
was that through her community,
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那位指導顧問並不知道,
妮可透過她的社區
07:31
Nicole had had access
to college prep work,
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能夠參與大學先修班、
07:35
SAT prep and international
travel programs.
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SAT 備考班和國際參訪活動。
07:40
Not only was college in her future,
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大學有在她的未來
計畫中,且不只如此,
07:43
but I'm proud to say that Nicole
went on to earn two master's degrees
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我可以很驕傲地說,
妮可從普渡大學畢業後,
接著又取得了兩個碩士學位。
07:48
after graduating from Purdue University.
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07:51
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
07:57
We also made it our business
to hold our young people accountable,
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我們也認為我們工作的一部分
是要教導我們的年輕人負責,
08:02
but also to instill a sense
of accountability in those young people
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還要灌輸這些年輕人一種責任感,
08:07
to themselves, to each other,
to their families and their communities.
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對他們自己負責、對彼此負責、
對他們的家人負責,
且對他們的社區負責。
08:14
We doubled down
on asset-based youth development.
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我們加倍投入在
以資產為基礎的青年發展上。
08:18
We went on leadership retreats
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我們繼續做領導能力潛修營,
08:20
and did high ropes courses
and low ropes courses
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也開設了高低空繩索課程,
08:24
and tackled life's biggest
questions together.
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並一起處理人生中最大的問題。
08:29
The result was that the kids
really bought into the notion
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結果是,那些孩子真的買帳了,
08:33
that they were accountable
for achieving these college degrees.
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相信他們自己有責任
完成這些大學學位。
08:38
It was so gratifying to see the kids
calling each other and texting each other
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我感到很滿足,能夠看到這些孩子
打電話、傳訊息給彼此,
08:44
to say, "Hey, why are you late
for SAT prep?"
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說:「嘿,你怎麼沒準時來
SAT 備考班?」
08:48
And, "What are you packing
for the college tour tomorrow?"
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還有「明天的大學巡訪,
你要帶些什麼?」
08:53
We really worked to kind of make
college the thing to do.
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我們真的很努力把大學當作目標。
08:57
We began to create programs
on college campuses
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我們開始在大學校園裡
創立一些計畫,
09:02
and events that allow young people
to really visualize themselves
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舉辦活動讓年輕人能夠真正設想自己
09:07
as college students and college graduates.
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成為大學生和研究生的樣子。
09:11
Me and my staff
rocked our own college gear
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我和我的成員用上了
我們所有的大學資源,
09:14
and had lots of fun, healthy competition
about whose school was better than whose.
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我們玩得很開心,有良性的辯論,
討論誰的大學比較好。
09:21
The kids really bought into it,
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孩子們真的買帳了,
09:23
and they began to see that something more
was possible for their lives.
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他們開始看到自己的人生
還有更多的可能性。
09:28
Not only that -- they could look around
at that college-going community
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不僅如此——在這個
準備前往大學的團體中,
09:33
and see kids who came
from the same backgrounds
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他們可以看到和自己來自
同樣背景的孩子,
09:36
and the same neighborhoods
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來自同樣的鄰里,
09:38
and who were aspiring to the same things.
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也有著相同的熱望。
09:42
That sense of belonging was really key,
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關鍵就是那種歸屬感,
09:45
and it showed up in a remarkable,
beautiful way one day
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有一天,那歸屬感以一種
很了不起、很美麗的方式現形,
09:49
when we were in the Johannesburg airport,
waiting to go through customs
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當時我們在約翰尼斯堡機場
等著過海關,
09:54
on our way to Botswana
for a service learning trip.
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準備前往波紮那,
那是一趟服務學習之旅。
09:58
I saw a group of kids
kind of huddled in a circle.
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我看到一群孩子,圍成一個圈圈。
10:01
Usually, with teens,
that means something's going on.
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通常,青少年這麼做時,
就表示有事發生。
10:04
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
10:06
So I kind of walked up behind the kids
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所以我走到那些孩子的身後,
10:08
to figure out what they were
talking about.
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想知道他們在談什麼。
10:11
They were comparing passport stamps.
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他們在比較護照上的印章。
10:14
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
10:15
And they were dreaming out loud
about all the other countries
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他們大聲說出他們的夢想,
希望將來能造訪哪些其他國家。
10:19
they planned to visit in the future.
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10:22
And seeing these young people
from New York City
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看到這些來自紐約的年輕人
10:27
go on to not just become college students
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接下來不只成為大學生,
10:30
but to participate
in study abroad programs
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還參與了國外進修的方案,
10:34
and to then take jobs around the world
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接著在世界各地找到工作,
10:37
was incredibly gratifying.
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這實在讓人心滿意足。
10:39
When I think of my kids
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當我想到我的孩子,
10:41
and all the doctors, lawyers,
teachers, social workers,
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所有那些醫生、律師、老師、社工、
10:46
journalists and artists
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記者和藝術家,
10:48
who came from our little nook
in New York City,
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他們來自我們在紐約市的小角落,
10:52
I hate to think
of what would have happened
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我實在不願去想,
如果我們沒有投資在
10:55
if we hadn't invested in the middle.
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這些中間人物身上,
會發生什麼事。
10:58
Just think about all
that their communities and the world
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光是想想他們的社區和這個世界
11:01
would have missed out on.
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會損失什麼就夠了。
11:04
This formula for the middle
doesn't just work with young people.
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為中間人物設計的這個公式,
不只適用於年輕人。
11:09
It can transform
our organizations as well.
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它也能夠轉變我們的組織。
11:13
We can be more bold
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我們能夠更大膽,
11:16
in coming up and articulating a mission
that inspires everyone.
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想出並表達出一個
能夠鼓舞所有人的任務。
11:21
We can authentically
invite our colleagues to the table
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我們能夠真正邀請
我們的同事參與討論,
11:25
to come up with a strategy
to meet the mission.
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提出策略,來達成這個任務。
11:30
We can give meaningful feedback
to folks along the way,
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在過程中,我們可以提供
有意義的回饋意見,
11:35
and -- and sometimes most importantly --
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還有——有時也是最重要的——
11:38
make sure that you're sharing credit
for everyone's contributions.
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確保你能夠分享大家的貢獻
所帶來的功勞。
11:45
What happened when my staff
aimed high for themselves
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當我的工作人員
把自己的目標設高時,
11:49
is that what they were able
to do for young people
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他們能夠為年輕人所做的事情
11:53
was pretty transformational.
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能夠帶來很明顯的轉變。
11:55
And it's been so wonderful to look back
and see all of my former colleagues
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感覺真的很棒,回頭看這些,
還有我的前同事們
12:00
who've gone on to get doctorates
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繼續取得博士學位,
12:03
and assume leadership roles
in other organizations.
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並在其他組織中擔任領導角色。
12:08
We have what it takes to inspire
and uplift the folks in the middle.
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我們可以做到鼓舞
和激勵中間地帶的人。
12:15
We can extend love
to the people in the middle.
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我們可以把愛延伸到中間地帶。
12:20
We can challenge our own biases
about who deserves a hand-up, and how.
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我們可以挑戰我們自己的偏見,
關於誰應該被拉一把
以及如何做的偏見。
12:27
We can structure our organizations,
communities and institutions
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我們在建構我們的
組織、社區,和機構時,
12:33
in ways that are inclusive
and that uphold principles of equity.
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可以採用包容並遵守
平等原則的方式。
12:38
Because, in the final analysis,
what is often mistaken for a period
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因為,歸根究底,
常常,我們誤以為
看到的是「句點」,
12:45
is really just a comma.
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但它其實只是個「逗點」。
12:48
Thank you.
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謝謝。
12:49
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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