Why Iranians Are Cutting Their Hair for "Woman, Life, Freedom" | Sahar Zand | TED

翻译人员: Becca Zheng 校对人员: suya f.

When you were a child,

当你还是个孩子时，

what did you want to be when you grew up?

你长大后想要成为什么？

A footballer?

足球选手？

An actress?

演员？

A doctor?

医生？

Well, when I was a little girl,

当我还是个小女孩时，

whenever I was asked the question,

每当我被问到这个问题，

my answer was pretty much always the same:

我的回答基本上都是一样的：

"When I grow up, I want to become a man."

长大后，我想成为男人。

To my logic, that was the only way I could live a life

在我眼里，这是我唯一的生存之道

free from the suffocating restrictions

不被那些在伊朗我的出生国家

that women in my birth country of Iran were forced to endure.

女性所要遵从的窒息的条约所束缚着

I'm not quite sure where this line of thinking started from,

我不清楚这样的想法 是从什么时候开始的，

but a particularly hot summer's afternoon comes to mind.

但是在脑海中一个潮热 的午后夏日浮现出

I was nine years old and along with my family,

那时我九岁，和我的家人一起，

as we did on every summer holiday,

就像每个暑假一样，

we had traveled to the north of Iran

我们到了伊朗的北部

to a little seaside village called Chamkhaleh.

来到了一个名叫 查姆赫拉的海滨村庄。

For as long as I remember,

自从我能够记事以来，

some of my best childhood memories are of me swimming in the Caspian Sea,

我最美好的童年回忆包括了， 在里海中游泳，

paddling in its waves

在海浪中兜转

and making sandcastles on its gorgeous beaches.

在美丽的沙滩上建沙堡。

All of those lovely memories, though, were about to be rewritten.

但是，这些美好的回忆都将被改写。

In the Islamic Republic of Iran,

在伊朗伊斯兰共和国，

when a girl turns nine years old, she has legally entered womanhood.

当一个女孩九岁了，她已经合法地 进入了女性的行列。

And that means having to follow a series of restrictive rules written by men.

这代表她需要严格遵守 一系列由男人写的规则。

The most symbolic of which is probably the mandatory wearing of the hijab.

其中最有代表性 的就是佩戴头巾的义务。

That year, my mom had to sit me down

那年，我的妈妈让我坐下

and sorrowfully explain that I was now too old

并伤心地向我解释， 我现在已经太大，

to get into the water wearing a swimsuit.

不能穿泳装下水，

Now that I was nine years old, it was illegal.

现在我九岁了， 那样做就是违法的。

And if I wanted to get into the water like all the other women,

如果我想要像其她的女性一样下水，

I had to go in fully covered from head to toe.

从头到脚都需要被覆盖。

I had to go in wearing a pair of trousers,

我需要穿着长裤，

a long-sleeved top and a loose covering called the manto to cover it all.

一件长袖上衣和一个叫做 曼托宽的松垮覆盖物，

以覆盖全部。

And of course, the headscarf.

当然，还有头巾。

I still remember the lump in my throat as I set foot in the water.

我还记得当我踏入水中时， 我喉咙里的肿块。

I could no longer feel the fresh coolness of the Caspian Sea against my skin.

我再也不能感受着贴着 我皮肤的里海海水。

Instead, my now-wet layers felt itchy and weird.

取而代之的则是， 令人发痒、怪异的感觉。

I can still remember feeling the watchful eyes of the morality police,

我还记得道德警察监视的眼睛，

the so-called morality police,

那些所谓的道德警察，

making sure that me and the other girls were not showing too much hair

确保我和其她的女孩 没有露出太多的头发

or too much skin to, God forbid, arouse the men.

或者太多的肌肤，上帝保佑， 引起男人的性欲。

It was as if my former freedoms were washing away

这感觉像是我的自由被海水 的潮起潮落洗刷走。

with every tide and flow of the water.

接下来，我进入了深水区。

Next, I'm deep in the water.

I was a good swimmer, but my layers were so heavy and restrictive.

我其实很擅长游泳， 可是我的衣服太厚，太紧了。

I tried to gasp for air,

我试着大口喘气，

but my headscarf kept blocking my face.

可是我的头巾却一直挡着我的脸。

The tides were pulling me further and further out.

海浪将我越拖越远。

I could see my mom and dad on the beach,

我能看到海岸上的妈妈和爸爸，

I tried to call for help, but they couldn't hear me.

我尝试着呼喊帮助， 可是他们都听不到我。

Perhaps my voice was drowned out

也许我的声音

by the roaring engines of the bikes

被正在巡逻的道德警察的摩托

that the morality police were patrolling the beaches.

引擎的轰鸣声淹没了。

The tides continued, pulling me further and further out

潮水继续把我越拖越远

and hopelessness started creeping in.

绝望感悄然来袭。

Next, I wake up on the beach, cold, wet, shivering.

接下来，我在海滩上醒来、 又冷又湿，浑身发抖。

It turns out my father had just spotted my struggles in time

原来我父亲刚刚 及时发现了我

and had rushed in to get me.

并匆匆地来救我。

That was the last time

那是最后一次

I ever set foot in my beloved Caspian Sea.

我踏上我心爱的里海。

Growing up in the Islamic Republic of Iran,

在伊朗长大，

every day it felt as though I was going through the same experience

每天我都感觉自己 在经历同样的事

but in different ways.

但是是通过不同方式。

And looking at the women in my life,

再看看我生命中的女性，

they seemed to be going through the same thing too, in different ways.

他们似乎也有着相同的经历， 只是经历方式不同而已

And the older I grew,

当我逐渐长大，

the further out the tides of oppression, injustice, inequality

那些犹如海浪般的压迫、 不公正、不平等

felt like they were pulling me in.

感觉将我拉了进去。

Wherever I turned,

每当我转身，

shame, fear and especially hopelessness were ever-present.

羞耻、恐惧，尤其是无助感无处不在。

Women in Iran are second-class citizens.

伊朗的女性是二等公民。

They have almost no access

她们对于最基本的权利，

when it comes to some of the most basic rights like divorce,

像是离婚，监护权和旅行

custody of children and even travel.

都没有获得的权限。

They have no legal protection

她们对于性骚扰和家暴

against sexual harassment and domestic violence.

没有任何的法律保护。

They are not allowed to sing in public or have sex outside of marriage,

她们没办法在公共场合唱歌 或是在婚外求欢，

and they're only allowed to show their face and hand in public.

在公共场合中她们 只被允许露出脸和手。

In the 20 years or so since I almost drowned,

在我上次差点淹死的20年后，

nothing has changed.

什么都没有改变。

Iranian women have been adrift in a vast sea of oppression.

伊朗妇女一直在压迫 的汪洋大海中漂泊。

Their only way out, for those who could,

对于那些有能力的人来说， 他们唯一的出路

is to leave themselves at the mercy of people smugglers,

是任由偷渡者摆布，

set out on dangerous journeys

踏上危险的旅程，

in hope of finding safety in a land far away.

希望在在遥远的地方 找到安全感。

That's what happened to me.

我就是这样。

Age 12, along with my mom and my baby sister,

12岁，与我的母亲和妹妹，

we escaped Iran.

我们逃离了伊朗。

And after years of living in refugee camps across Europe,

在欧洲各地的难民营生活多年，

sleeping rough

睡得不踏实

and being at the mercy of some very, very dodgy people smugglers,

并受到一些 非常非常狡猾的偷渡者欺负，

we finally found safe haven here, in the UK.

我们终于找到了在英国的 避风港。

For my friends and family who stayed behind,

对于那些留了下来的家人和朋友，

there was little hope for change.

改变的希望渺茫。

And so when in September last year,

于是，在去年 9 月，

22-year-old Mahsa Jina Amini stepped out of the metro

22 岁的 马赫萨·吉娜·阿米尼 走出地铁站

onto the bustling streets of Tehran,

走上了德黑兰热闹的街道，

there was little reason to expect a change to the status quo.

没有什么理由期待 现状的改变。

The same way that it's happened to my own mother and many other women I know,

我自己的母亲和我认识的许多其他女性 都曾遭遇过同样的情况，

Mahsa was arrested by the so-called morality police

马赫萨被那所谓的道德警察逮捕

because, in their opinion,

因为，在他们眼中，

she was showing more hair than they deemed acceptable.

她露出的头发超过了 他们认为可接受的范围。

Three days later,

三天后，

Mahsa died in police custody.

马赫萨死于警方拘留所。

This time, though, something changed.

这一次，有所改变。

Thanks to the power of social media

多亏于自媒体的力量

and the brave journalists working hard on the ground,

和那些勇敢的记者，

the news of Mahsa's killing wasn't drowned out

马赫萨的死讯并没有被

in the regime's relentless propaganda.

政府无限的宣传所掩饰。

In the same way

同样的

that the unjust killing of George Floyd ignited the Black Lives Matter movement,

乔治·弗洛伊德的冤案 点燃了 “黑人生命重要 “的运动，

the unjust killing of Mahsa Amini

马赫萨·阿米尼被不公正杀害

ignited the biggest anti-regime protests across Iran

点燃了自从伊朗在1979年成立以来

since the formation of the Islamic Republic in 1979.

最大规模的反政权抗议活动。

For the first time in decades,

几十年来第一次，

women in Iran are finally daring to defy the strict morality laws.

伊朗妇女终于敢于 反击严格的道德法律。

In a fight for equality and dignity,

为了平等和尊严而战，

they are taking off their headscarves, burning them in bonfires,

她们脱下头巾， 并将它们在篝火中烧了，

and some are cutting off their hair.

有些人还剪了头发。

They're chanting "Zan. Zendegi. Azadi."

她们在喊“Zan. Zendegi. Azadi。”

"Woman, Life, Freedom."

“女性，生命，自由。”

Furious crowds are calling for democracy,

愤怒的群众要求民主，

for freedom of speech, for freedom of expression,

为了言论自由，表达自由，

whilst many others are calling for the fall of the supreme leader,

而其他许多人则希望 推翻最高领导人，

Ali Khamenei.

阿里·哈梅内伊

Khamenei is Iran's spiritual leader

哈梅内伊是伊朗的在精神上的领袖

and has the final say over all government matters.

并对对所有执政拥有 最终决定权。

For the first time in a very, very long time,

在很久很久以来的第一次，

there seems to be hope in the air.

空气中似乎弥漫着希望。

Hope that perhaps change in Iran is possible.

伊朗变革的希望 是有可能发生的。

And that's exactly why the crackdown has been so brutal and deadly.

而这正是镇压 如此残酷和致命的原因。

These are the faces of the protesters who fought for freedom

为自由而战的抗议者的面孔

but will not live to see it.

但却无法亲眼目睹。

Since the protest began nearly five months ago,

将近五个月前， 自抗议活动开始以来，

around 500 people have been killed.

大约500人被杀害。

Nearly 80 of those children.

其中有近 80 名儿童。

Around 18,000 protesters have been arrested.

大约 18000 名抗议者被逮捕。

And there are reports of psychological, physical and sexual torture in prisons.

有报告称，监狱中存在心理、 身体和性方面的折磨和虐待。

There has been a series of hasty trials,

已经有一系列仓促的审判，

forced confessions

强迫招供，

and public executions of the protesters.

并公开处决抗议者。

The authoritarian regime of Iran is clearly desperate

伊朗专制政权显然急于

to kill any and all hope

扼杀一切希望，

because they know that for as long as we remain hopeless,

因为他们知道， 只要我们任然处于绝望，

we'll resign to their oppression and injustice.

我们就会屈从于他们 的压迫和不公正。

But as history has shown over and over again,

但历史证明 一次又一次，

the light of hope emerges from the depth of darkness.

希望之光 是从黑暗深处升起。

Hope is angry.

希望是愤怒的。

It's defiant.

是挑衅的。

Hope is dangerous.

希望是危险的。

Hope is standing its ground on the streets of Iran,

希望是站在伊朗的街头

chanting "Woman, Life, Freedom."

大喊“女性生命，自由。”

Hope is in political prisons,

希望在政治的牢笼中，

biding its time, sustaining those in shackles.

等待着时机， 支撑着那些戴着镣铐的人。

Hope has now spread to the four corners of my birth country.

希望现在已经传遍了我出生 的国家的各个角落。

As a journalist, I can't travel to Iran.

作为一名记者，我无法前往伊朗。

But as my sisters in Tehran, Mashhad,

就像我在德黑兰和马什哈德，

Shiraz, Baluchistan, Kurdistan, shomal, jonoob, shargh, gharb,

设拉子、俾路支斯坦、库尔德斯坦、 索马里、乔努布、斯尔格、加尔卜,

all over Iran have done,

在伊朗各地的姐妹们一样。

I, too,

我也是，

I'm going to cut my hair to show my solidarity with the movement.

我也要剪头发 以表示我对运动的声援。

(Cheers and applause)

（欢呼和掌声）

(Cheers and applause continues)

（欢呼和掌声继续）

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause continues)

（掌声继续）

(Applause ends)

（掌声结束）

Thank you.

谢谢。

Audience: Freedom for women!

观众：女性的自由！

(Cheers)

（欢呼）

SZ: This hair, for too long, has been intertwined with religion and politics.

SZ：长期以来，这头发 与宗教和政治交织在一起。

But I say with my sisters in Iran:

但我要和我在伊朗的姐妹们说：

no more.

不再是。

And I say with them:

我会对他们说：

Women, to reclaim our rights.

妇女们，重拾我们的权利。

(Applause and cheers)

（欢呼和掌声）

Life, for the lives unjustly taken.

生命，为了那些被不公正夺走的生命。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Freedom, for the liberation of my people.

自由，为了我国人民的解放。

(Applause)

（掌声）

I stand here with my hair in my hand,

我站在这里，手里拿着我的头发，

in hope of a future

期盼一个

where no little girl has to wish she were a man

没有一位小女孩会希望 她是一个男人

because she's terrified that she might drown every day.

因为她害怕自己会 在一天被淹死的未来。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Yes, the crackdown is brutal.

没错，镇压是残酷的。

And yes, there might not be a solution inside yet.

是的，可能还没有 解决方案。

But the only thing that can help create and sustain one is hope.

但是唯一能帮助他人 的就是创造希望。

Sorry.

抱歉。

(Cheers and applause)

（欢呼和掌声）

The only thing that can help create and sustain one is hope.

唯一能帮助他人的就是创造希望。

And every single one of us can take a step and play our part.

我们每个人都可以 向前迈一步，发挥自生作用。

I'm standing here speaking to you now.

我现在就站在这里跟你说。

Many non-Iranians and Iranians outside of Iran have been signing petitions,

许多非伊朗人和伊朗境外 的伊朗人都在请愿书上签名，

going to protest, putting pressure on their governments

句型游行，向政府施加压力

so that in turn, they put pressure on the Iranian regime and government.

从而向伊朗政权和政府施加压力。

For the past few months,

在过去的几个月，

I've been speaking to protesters inside of Iran,

我一直在和 伊朗内的抗议者沟通，

and they tell me how much it matters to them

她们告诉我像我们在外 的人保持知情和参与

that we on the outside stay informed and engaged.

对她们来说意义非凡。

So let's try our best to make certain

所以让我们尽力确保

that those of us on the shore let those at sea know

我们在岸上的人 让海上的人知道

that we see them, that we hear their cries.

我们能够看得到她们， 我们能够听到她们的哭喊。

Thank you for taking a step towards a future

感谢你们迈出了向未来的一步

where freedom is not just a dream, but a reality.

当自由不再是一个梦，而是现实。

Not just for women,

不仅仅是为了女性，

but for everyone.

是为了所有人。

And not just in Iran,

不仅仅是在伊朗，

but everywhere.

是世界各地。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Cheers and applause)

（欢呼和掌声）