What if mental health workers responded to emergency calls? | Leslie Herod

Transcriber:

翻译人员: Yuwei Wu 校对人员: Yanyan Hong

也许听起来很奇怪， 但我很喜欢跟着警察参加随行活动。

甚至可以说非常喜欢。

在世界各地，比如 阿姆斯特丹、加拿大、波士顿，

Call me weird, but I love a good ride-along.

甚至就在丹佛这边， 我都参加过警车随行活动。

Like, love them.

我发现

I've been on ride-alongs across the world --

人们给警察打电话的原因有很多。

in Amsterdam, in Canada, in Boston,

可能因为一只猫走丢了，

and even right here, in Denver.

因为想多了解自己邻居一点，

And what I've learned

也可能因为亲人或某个陌生人， 正处于心理健康危机中。

is that people call the cops for a number of reasons --

anything from a lost cat,

但实际上，问题的关键是，

to a neighbor they just want to know more about,

人们报警是因为 不知道除了报警还能做什么。

to maybe a loved one or a stranger having a mental health crisis.

不过我发现， 有时报警只会让情况更糟。

But really, at the heart of it,

people call 9-1-1 because they just don't know what else to do.

也许有亲人被逮捕，

What I've learned, though, is that sometimes, when you call 9-1-1,

或者他们被留置 72 小时。

it can make a bad situation even worse.

有罚金和费用，以及刑事指控。

有时，拨打 911

Maybe a loved one is arrested,

or they're placed on a 72-hour hold;

会是导致某人生命结束的开端。

there are fines and fees, and criminal charges.

你可能认为我是来谈废除警察的。

And sometimes, calling 9-1-1

不完全是。

can be the beginning of the end of someone's life.

实际上，我要谈的是 一个不同的解决方案。

Now, you might think I'm here to talk about abolishing the police.

这种方案可以照顾人们，

Not exactly.

保持社区的安全，

I'm actually here to talk about a different solution,

并帮助警察专注于 他们最擅长的工作——

a solution that takes care of a person,

执行法律。

keeps our community safe

对我来说，这一切都始于一次 俄勒冈州尤金的访问。

and helps the police to focus on what they do best --

当时，我刚刚在丹佛这里 通过了一项投票调查，

enforcing the laws.

叫做“关爱丹佛”，

For me, it all started with a visit to Eugene, Oregon.

来给丹佛处于危机中的人们

提供更多精神健康 和药物使用服务。

You see, I had just passed a ballot measure here in Denver,

called Caring for Denver,

在这时，一个朋友给我 介绍了尤金市的一个项目。

to provide more mental health and substance use services

拨打 911 时，

for people in crisis right here, in Denver,

一般接听的是消防员、 警察、或救护人员

when a friend tipped me off to a program in Eugene.

但在尤金，还有第四种选择。

Normally, when you call 9-1-1,

一名心理健康专家 和一名急救人员。

you get a firefighter, a police officer or a paramedic.

他们乘坐一辆面包车， 回应心理健康相关电话。

But in Eugene, there's a fourth option:

该计划名为 CAHOOTS 。

a mental health professional and an EMT,

研究表明，遭受过 警察暴力的受害者中

who ride along in a van and respond to mental health calls.

近 50% 都有精神健康方面的残疾。

The program is called CAHOOTS.

Studies show that nearly 50 percent of victims of police brutality

我们国家的心理健康问题很严重。

have a disability, predominantly a mental health disability.

事实是，

警察根本没有 应对心理健康危机的工具。

We have a huge problem with mental health in this country.

而且我们已经看到， 如果我们没有充分地资助

The fact of the matter

is police simply don't have the tools to respond to a mental health crisis.

精神健康和药物使用服务，

还把监狱视作精神健康诊所，

And we've seen that when we don't adequately fund

那么最后会陷入更糟糕的处境。

mental health and substance use services,

而人们的心理健康 也并没有因此得到改善。

and use our jails and our prisons as de facto mental health clinics,

所以，我去了尤金市 了解更多情况。

we actually end up in much worse situations,

我经过一次培训，

然后，耶，终于 又一次随行的机会。

and people's mental health is no better for it.

我上了面包车， 和 CAHOOTS 团队一起出发。

So, I went along to Eugene to learn more.

通话进行了大约 20 分钟后，

I went through a training,

and then -- yay, finally -- another ride-along.

我们被通知要回应一名 处于精神健康危机的男子。

I got in the van and went with the CAHOOTS team.

随即，我被这个和谐的 社区环境所震惊。

About 20 minutes into our call,

这是一个中等收入社区。

we were called to respond to a man in a mental health crisis.

有孩子在外面玩耍，

Immediately, I was shocked at how nice the neighborhood was.

车道上甚至还有一个 骑着三轮车的小男孩。

那天只是普通的一天。

Middle-income neighborhood,

我们和那人的妻子见了面，

kids out playing --

there was even a young boy on a tricycle in the driveway.

然后我们问她发生了什么。

她告诉我们，她的丈夫 把自己锁在了浴室里，

It was just a normal day.

We met up with a woman, who was the wife,

而且他一直说着想自杀。

and we asked her what was going on.

他带了美工刀。

She informed us that her husband was locked in the bathroom,

我们进屋和男子谈了谈。

他隔着门向我们解释，

and he was talking about ending his life.

说他撑不下去了。

He had box cutters.

他的情绪很不稳定。

We went inside to talk to him,

他说他不打算再让 家人承受这些负担，

and he explained to us, through a closed door,

并只想结束这一切。

that he simply couldn't do it anymore.

我们隔着门交谈了近一个小时。

He was erratic.

He said he wasn't going to put his family through these burdens anymore,

最后，他就是不肯出来。

and he just wanted it to end.

于是，我们离开了。

We talked to him through that closed door for nearly an hour.

离开后约 30 分钟后， 我们被调回到了现场。

And in the end, he just wouldn't come out.

警察已经被叫了过去，

因为他的美工刀是武器，

So, we left.

About 30 minutes after leaving, we were called to come back on scene.

但警察知道我们先去过那里。

所以，警察等着我们。

You see, the police had been called.

He had box cutters -- a weapon.

我们到达了，

并且警察最终说服了男子

But they knew we had been there first.

把美工刀交出来。

So the police, they waited for us.

男子穿好了衣服后

从浴室里走了出来。

We got there,

and the police were able to convince the man

然后，出乎意料的事情发生了。

to turn over his box cutters.

警察开始从楼梯上往下退，

He got dressed,

and he came out of the bathroom.

让 CAHOOTS 团队站在前面。

And then, something magical happened.

团队成功让这名男子 坐在沙发上和他们交谈。

You see, the police started to retreat down the stairs.

然后，他们蹲下来与男子平视。

The CAHOOTS team, they stepped up.

因为他们对彼此都不造成威胁。

They got the man to sit on the couch and talk to them.

我们坐在那里， 谈了大约三个小时。

And then, they knelt down to his eye level,

because he wasn't a threat, and neither were they.

当时我处于靠后的位置，

可以看到走廊里的一张桌子上

We sat there and we talked for about three hours.

放着成堆的文件。

Now, I was back a little bit.

都是未支付的医疗账单，

And I could see, on a desk that they had in the hallway,

我知道他在经历什么。

CAHOOTS 团队与男子 谈论了他的经济负担

piles and piles of papers.

和资源问题。

Unpaid medical bills.

并最终一起制定了一个计划， 让他在第二天得到帮助。

I knew what he was going through.

The CAHOOTS team talked to him about his financial burdens,

他甚至吃了一个三明治。

they talked to him about resources,

团队还在整个过程中 测量了他的生命体征。

and they eventually made a plan to get him to help the next day.

当我们离开时，他已经 是一个完全不同的人了，

我也是如此。

He even ate a sandwich,

可悲的是，我太熟悉这种情况了。

and they took his vitals the entire time.

我妹妹与刑事司法系统打了

When we left, he was a different person,

and so was I.

大约 30 年的交道了。

Sadly, the situation is all too familiar for me.

以前我们以为她 “只是有药瘾“。

You see, my sister has been in and out of the criminal justice system

但后来发现她有 未经治疗的心理创伤。

for about 30 years.

是由一次性侵导致的。

You know, we thought she was “just an addict.”

我们不知道怎么办， 或者该如何帮助她。

Later, we found out that she had untreated trauma

所以当我飞回丹佛的时候，

我思考了我的妹妹， 思考了这位男子。

from a sexual assault.

We didn't know what to do, we didn't know how to help her.

我知道我们在丹佛能做得更好。

So when I flew back to Denver,

尤金如此吸引我是因为

I thought about my sister, I thought about this man,

那里的警察和心理健康危机小组

and I knew we could do better in Denver.

一起协作，

共同工作。

What intrigued me so much about Eugene

一支训练有素的精英专家团队

is that the police and the mental health crisis team,

回应遇到精神健康 或药物使用危机的人。

they work together --

看，是警察说服了男子

in cahoots.

An elite team of specialists trained to respond

交出美工刀。

然后是 CAHOOTS 团队站了出来，

to people having a mental health or substance use crisis.

帮男子联系资源， 并倾听他的想法。

See, it was the police that convinced the man

to surrender the box cutters.

我的整个职业生涯

But it was the CAHOOTS team that stepped up,

都在为刑事司法改革而奋斗。

connected the man to resources and listened.

有时，它是如此令人生畏。

全美有 7,000 所监狱和牢房，

You see, I have been fighting for criminal justice reform

my entire career.

和 230 万名囚犯。

And sometimes, it can seem so daunting.

对于数以百万的美国人来说——

There are 7,000 prisons and jails across the United States,

法官、律师、管教人员、警察——

2.3 million inmates.

他们以大规模监禁做为生活来源。

For millions of Americans --

要解决刑事司法系统的问题，

judges, attorneys, correctional officers, cops --

我们必须批判性地 审视每一块拼图。

mass incarceration is a livelihood.

找出什么是有效的，

并修复不符合要求的地方。

To fix the criminal justice system,

现在这种一刀切的做法

we must look critically at every piece of the puzzle.

明显是不可行的。

Find out what's working

and fix what's not.

如果不在俄勒冈州尤金市，

If there is one thing that's clearly not working,

那位男子会被留置 72 小时。

it's the one-size-fits-all approach.

他可能被关进监狱，

甚至可能已经死了。

Outside of Eugene, Oregon,

他可能会承受更多 经济压力和负担，

that man would have been placed on a 72-hour hold.

He could have been incarcerated,

而他的心理健康 也不会好到哪里去。

he might even have died.

每年有两百万人

He would have been under more financial stress and burden,

被送入监狱。

and his mental health would have been no better.

国家心理健康联盟报告称，

这些人中有 83%

Two million people

are booked into jails and prisons every year.

不能获得心理健康服务。

And the National Alliance for Mental Health,

一个运作良好的刑事司法系统 能及时使用正确的工具。

they've reported that 83 percent of these folks

don't have access to mental health care.

为什么要求警察和监狱

A well-functioning criminal justice system uses the right tool at the right time.

解决心理健康危机？

他们不是干这行的。

尤金使用标准的分诊系统。

Why are we asking our police and our prisons

正在发生什么？

to fix our mental health crisis?

这个人现在需要什么？

That's not what they do.

然后，他们有相应的工具来支撑。

Eugene uses the standard system of triage.

一支训练有素的专业团队

What's happening right now?

And what does the person need, right now?

有时间、资源和精力

But then, they have the tools to back it up.

使受害者获得所需的服务。

A team of trained professionals,

丹佛在 2016 年 推出了共同回应模式。

who have the time, resources and energy

我们在 6 月推出了 STAR ， 即婴儿版的 CAHOOTS 。

to get the person to the services they need.

今天，我们有 22 名急救员助手、 专业心理健康人士

Denver launched our co-responsemodel in 2016.

与执法人员随行。

We launched STAR, baby CAHOOTS, in June.

我们还有 11 名个案专员。

Today, we have 22 co-responders, mental health professionals

此外，我们还派出了 STAR 团队，

包括一名辅助医务人员 和一名心理健康专家，

who ride along with law-enforcement officers.

他们在一个移动的 危机处理单位里。

We have 11 caseworkers.

他们接受过处理精神健康 紧急情况的培训。

In addition, we dispatch the STAR team,

可以稳定受害者的情绪， 缓解恶劣的局势，

a paramedic and a mental health professional

in a mobile crisis unit,

并且帮受害者联系所需的资源：

who are trained to deal with someone in a mental health emergency.

持续的照顾。

They stabilize them, they de-escalate the situation,

到目前为止， 这个项目的效果堪称奇迹。

and they connect someone with the resources that they need,

自 6 月以来，STAR 已经 接收了一千多个电话。

ongoing care.

他们叫了警察的支援

So far, the results have been nothing short of miraculous.

零次。

此外，在联合急救模式下

STAR has had a thousand calls since June.

只有不到 2% 的罚单或传票率。

They have had to call the police for backup

zero times.

最棒的是——警察们喜欢这种模式。

Additionally, the Co-Responder model

事实上，我听到最多的就是

has led to a less than two percent rate of tickets or citations.

“为什么我们的 辖区内还没有 STAR ？”

And the best part -- the cops love it.

警察甚至与急救员助手并肩工作

In fact, the thing I hear the most

来处理他们自己的心理健康创伤。

is "Why don't we have STAR in my precinct yet?"

他们在与自己真正 信任的人谈论忧虑。

Cops are even working alongside of co-responders

我们发现这不仅使执法人员更安全，

to deal with their own mental health traumas.

也使整个行业更加安全。

They're talking through their issues with people that they actually trust.

我们把这个基金会称为 “关爱丹佛“，

And we found this not only makes law enforcement officers safer,

因为核心是关爱。

我们关心受害者，

but it keeps the profession safer as a whole.

倾听他们的忧虑，

并帮人们联系所需的资源。

We called the foundation Caring for Denver

because caring is at the heart of it.

是的，这是一种善意的刑事司法，

We care about the people,

we listen to their concerns,

但也是符合逻辑的。

and we connect folks with the resources that they need.

警察解决不了所有的问题，

It's a kind approach to criminal justice, yes.

也不是所有人都应该入狱。

当我们谈及刑事司法时，

But it's also a logical one.

我们讨论的是人。

Not every problem can be solved by the police,

人才是它的核心所在。

应该有一个更好的，

and not everyone should go to jail.

有同情心和人性的方法。

When we talk about criminal justice,

what we're really talking about is people.

因此，让我们对刑事司法 做出一个明智的判断。

People are at the heart of it.

并在适当的时候使用适当的工具。

We deserve a better approach,

one with empathy and humanity.

谢谢。

So let's be smart about criminal justice.

and use the right tool at the right time.

Thank you.