How to Feng Shui Your Fridge — and Other Happy Climate Hacks | Jiaying Zhao | TED

翻译人员: Chaofan Sun 校对人员: Yanyan Hong

Hi everyone.

大家好。

I'm JZ.

我叫JZ。

Not the cool rapper,

不是那位酷酷的说唱歌手，

(Laughter)

（笑声）

but the professor trying to cool the planet through behavior change.

而是一个想通过行为改变

来给地球降温的教授。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

The other day I gave my students an assignment.

那天我给我的学生们 布置了一项作业。

I asked them to come up with individual actions they can take

我让他们想想， 为了达到以下两个目的

that serve two functions:

可以采取的个人行动：

reduce greenhouse gas emissions

减少温室气体排放

and make themselves feel happier.

并且让自己感到开心。

They did a great job coming up with actions to reduce emissions,

他们提出了很多 减少温室气体排放的办法，

but they had a much harder time with the happiness part.

但很难让自己感到开心。

One student told me that he wanted to cut back on cheese.

一位学生告诉我他决定少吃些奶酪，

But right after he said that, he got really sad.

但他刚说完这句话 就感觉很难过。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Unfortunately, my students are not alone.

不幸的是， 并不是只有我的学生这么想。

When most people think about climate action,

说到气候行动的时候，

they immediately default to things they have to give up for the planet.

人们会既定

他们要为了地球而放弃一些事情。

This mindset is so ingrained in us,

这个想法是根深蒂固于我们身上的，

partly because the current narrative on climate action

部分原因是 当前对于气候行动的说法

is about personal sacrifice.

就是关于个人牺牲。

Drive less, eat less meat, shop less.

少开车，少吃肉，少购物。

Less, less, less.

少，少，少。

Now I'm a behavioral scientist, so trust me when I say this,

身为一个行为学家 请相信我说的，

this framing doesn't make us feel great.

这种框架只会让我们感觉更糟糕，

If anything, it makes us feel shameful and guilty.

会让我们感到羞耻和内疚。

And those negative emotions are not conducive to long term behavior change

而这些负面情绪

不利于长期行为的改变

because they make us retreat and disengage.

因为这会让我们想要退缩、摆脱。

If the future of a planet depends on a few people

如果地球的未来取决于

willing to make personal sacrifices,

几个人是否愿意个人牺牲，

we're not going to make it.

我们也不会有未来。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So what should we do instead?

那我们应该怎么做呢？

The aha moment came to me at the end of a faculty meeting

在一次学院会议接近尾声时， 我茅塞顿开

when my colleague, Elizabeth Dunn, approached me and asked,

我的同事伊丽莎白·杜恩（Elizabeth Dunn）

来找我，问道：

"Can we make climate action feel happy instead of miserable?"

“我们能让气候行动

令人快乐而非痛苦吗？”

I said, "Of course."

我说：“当然可以。”

But then it struck me

那一刻我意识到

that I don't think anyone ever connected happiness to climate action.

没有人会把气候行动 和幸福联系在一起。

So Liz and I set down to do exactly that.

于是，伊丽和我坐下来

开始着手这件事。

Liz is a happiness scientist.

伊丽是一位幸福科学家，

She knows what makes people happy.

她知道如何让人们感到快乐。

I'm a behavioral scientist.

我是一位行为学家，

I know what makes people change their behavior.

我知道什么促使人们改变自己的行为。

I'm also a human carbon calculator.

我也是一个人肉碳排放计算器。

I like figuring out exactly how much emissions certain activities have.

我喜欢计算

进行某种活动的碳排放量。

So first I came up with a list of actions

所以首先，我列出了一系列

that can substantially reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

可以大大减少温室气体排放的行为。

And then Liz identified the actions with the largest happiness benefits.

然后伊丽来确认这些行为的

最大幸福收益。

And this is how we came up with what we call

于是，我们就这样开始了

the happy climate approach.

名为幸福气候办法的计划。

It's actions in the sweet spot that not only reduce emissions

这些行动的平衡点 不仅仅在于减少了排放，

but also make you feel happier at the same time.

同时也让你感到更加幸福。

Now, I know that some of you may think that individual actions may seem trivial

现在，你们中有些人可能会觉得

大规模系统没有变化，

without large-scale system change.

个人行为就无足轻重。

I get that.

我理解。

But let me tell you how I think about this as a behavior change expert.

但我想以一个行为改变专家的身份，

告诉你们我的想法。

Our individual actions do matter

我们的个人行为是有意义的，

because they embody our values

因为这向他人体现着我们的价值

and our care for the planet to other people.

和我们对于地球的关心。

They can spread like a ripple effect to instigate collective action.

个人行为可以像涟漪效应一样传播

激发群体的行动。

They send a market signal to businesses

个人行为可以向企业发出市场信号

and they can trigger broader structural institutional change.

从而引发更广泛的结构性制度变革。

So yes, we do need system change,

所以，是的，我们需要系统的变革，

but we also need individual behavior change.

但我们也需要个人行为的改变。

Don't let anyone tell you otherwise.

别让人影响到你。

Alright.

好了。

Now I want to take you on a whirlwind tour

现在，我想给大家迅速地展示一些

through some of my favorite happy climate actions.

我最喜欢的幸福气候行动。

Are you ready?

准备好了吗？

(Audience: Yes!)

（观众：准备好了！）

Great.

很好。

Let's start with my pet bunny.

就从我的宠物兔说起吧。

Since this is a year of the rabbit.

因为今年也是兔年嘛。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

A few years ago,

几年前，

my partner and I adopted Greenwich.

我和我的伴侣收养了 Greenwich 。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

She's adorable.

她非常可爱。

She's also a vegan.

她也是素食者。

We have so many plants,

托 Greenwich 的福，

vegetables and fruits in our house, thanks to Greenwich.

我们家里有很多的植物、蔬菜和水果。

And because of that,

正因如此，

I'm eating a lot more vegetables myself than I used to.

我比以前摄入了更多的蔬菜。

And I’m not kidding,

没开玩笑，

I'm feeling a lot happier.

我感到更幸福了。

Eating more plants can reduce agricultural emissions by up to 80 percent.

多吃植物 可以减少高达 80% 的农业排放。

I guess that part you may have known before.

这一点，我想你们已经知道。

But do you also know that a plant-based diet can make you feel happier?

但你们知道以植物为基础的饮食

可以让你感到更加幸福吗？

Decades of medical studies suggest

多年的医学研究显示

that a plant-based diet can increase both physical and mental health.

以植物为基础的饮食

可以增强身体和心理的健康。

In a recent experiment,

在近期的一次实验中，

researchers recruited people from North Dakota

研究者招募了一些来自北达科他州

who barely ate any vegetables.

不怎么吃蔬菜的人。

And they fed these people a plant-based diet for two months.

他们为这些人提供了两个月的

以植物为基础的饮食。

These people, on this diet,

在这样的饮食下，

felt a lot happier at the end of two months,

两个月之后，这些人比在实验开始前

than they did before they started the experiment.

感到幸福许多。

So researchers think that this is because plants --

研究者认为，因为植物

so fruits, vegetables --

如水果和蔬菜，

are high in vitamins and phytochemicals

有着丰富的维他命和植物化学成分。

that provide both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits

这些可以对大脑和身体产生

to the brain and the body.

抗氧化和消炎的功效。

So the happy climate action here is eat more plants.

所以，幸福气候行动是吃更多的植物。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But this does not mean never eat meat,

但这不意味着从此不碰肉类，

because I can tell you that deprivation is a disaster for happiness.

因为我可以明确地告诉大家

剥夺感对于幸福，是毁灭性的打击。

Instead, we should aim for the right balance

相反，我们应该去寻找

of meat and plants in our diet

饮食中肉和植物的平衡点

that will make us maximally happy.

这会让我们的幸福最大化。

Now, as you're thinking about this diet and this balance,

现在，想想这种饮食和这个平衡点

understand that not all meat is created equal.

就能理解，不是所有的肉 都产生同等的碳排放。

One kilogram of beef

一千克的牛肉

emits about 100 kilograms of greenhouse gases.

大约排放一百千克的温室气体，

That's roughly the same as driving 250 miles.

这和驾车行驶 250 公里的排放大约相同。

But other types of meat,

但其他肉，

like fish, pork and poultry have a lot lower emissions.

如鱼肉、猪肉和禽肉的排放会少一些。

But if you do want to eat beef,

但如果你想吃牛肉，

here's the happy climate hack:

这里有一条幸福气候窍门：

make it a treat.

让它成为一种享受。

One study shows that temporarily giving up something we enjoy

一项研究表明，

暂时放弃我们所钟爱的东西，

can actually renew our capacity to savor that thing when we have it again.

可以让我们再次拥有它时更加享受它，

And that can increase our happiness.

这样就可以增加我们的幸福感。

And beyond food, we can turn other things into a treat as well,

除食物外，

我们也可以把其他事物变为享受，

like shopping.

例如购物。

Now you know that fast fashion has a huge climate impact.

众所周知，快时尚对于气候影响很大。

So instead of shopping often,

所以，经常购物不如将

make shopping a treat.

购物变成一种享受。

And here's the happy climate hack.

以下也是一个幸福气候窍门。

Jackets, jeans, shoes have a lot of greenhouse gas emissions.

夹克、牛仔裤、鞋子的生产

会产生很多温室气体排放。

So treating ourselves to high-quality versions of these products

因此，购买高质量的这类产品，

that won't fall apart after a few wears is actually good for the planet.

它们会很耐穿，这对地球也有益。

Underwear, on the other hand, have pretty low emissions.

还有，内裤有着很低的排放。

So, you know, please buy those whenever you need them.

所以，大家需要的时候可以买点内裤。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

You're welcome.

不用客气。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Now let's talk about waste.

现在我们来说说浪费。

Do you know that if your space is clean, zero-waste and organized,

你知道吗，

如果你的家中干净整洁，没有垃圾。

you may feel happier?

你会感觉更幸福？

Let's take a look at perhaps the messiest part of everybody's home:

先来看看我们家里最乱的地方：

the fridge.

冰箱。

Some environmental experts recommend that we put perishables into the drawers

一些环境专家推荐

把易腐烂的东西放在抽屉里

and put the condiments at the door.

把调味品放在冰箱门上。

I hate to say this, but I disagree.

我不想这么说，但我不同意这么做。

I don't think the fridge is designed with human behavior in mind.

我不认为冰箱的设计

考虑到了人类的行为。

We often forget about the things in the drawers, right,

我们经常忘记看，

out of sight, out of mind.

忘记冰箱抽屉里的东西。

And that can lead to a lot of food waste and emissions.

这导致了很多食物浪费和排放。

So what's the happy climate action here?

这时的幸福气候行动是什么呢？

Feng shui your fridge.

摆弄冰箱的风水。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

This is how I feng shui-ed my fridge.

这是我摆放冰箱的方法。

By moving the perishables to the door

我把易腐烂的放在冰箱门上，

and the condiments into the drawers,

把调味品放进抽屉，

so I can catch things before they rot.

这样我能及时拿到要腐烂的物品。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

I also FIFOd my fridge, that is, “first in, first out,”

我同时也遵循 FIFO 原则，

即“先入先出原则”。

meaning, moving older items to the front of the fridge

这指的是

把旧的东西放在冰箱靠前的位置，

so I don't forget about them.

这样我就不会忘记它们了。

This way you can have a zero-waste clean fridge

这样你就有了一个零浪费的冰箱，

and you may feel happier.

你会感到更幸福。

Now beyond waste, we have to talk about travel.

除了浪费，一定还要说到旅游。

And here's the happy climate hack.

以下是幸福气候窍门。

Instead of saying "drive less,"

用“更多人同行 （Drive more... people）”

we should say “drive more ...

代替“少开车 （Drive less）”。

people."

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Yes.

没错。

Some studies suggest

一些研究显示，

that the more time we spend with our friends and family,

和家人朋友在一起的时间越长，

the happier we feel.

我们会感到越幸福。

So what this means is that instead of driving alone in our car,

这意味着，不要去独自驾车出游，

(Laughter)

（笑声）

we should drive our friends.

要多和朋友们一起同车出行。

Because carpooling can turn those dreadful minutes behind the wheel

因为拼车可以让疲惫的独自驾车，

into joyful moments of socializing.

变成社交的开心时刻。

Or you can ditch the car altogether and bike.

亦或者你们可以都不开车，而去骑车。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Better yet, bike with your bunny.

更好的是，带上你的兔子一起骑车。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Biking is virtually carbon-free.

骑车确实是无碳的。

And it also offers moderate exercise that activates our endocannabinoid system.

它能提供适当的运动

来激活我们的内源性大麻素系统。

And that contributes to a sense of euphoria,

这有助于产生愉悦感，

that's bikers high,

又称骑车人高潮，

and greater mental well-being.

也有助于更好的心理健康。

Now, we also know that flying is carbon intensive.

我们也都知道，

坐飞机是碳密集型的行为。

One round trip between Vancouver and New York

温哥华和纽约的一次往返航程，

emits about half a ton of greenhouse gases.

会排放大约半吨的温室气体。

That's equivalent to 400 chicken burgers.

相当于400个鸡肉汉堡。

That's a lot of burgers.

非常多个汉堡吧。

But what's exciting here is that there's a double happy climate hack here.

奇妙的是，

这里有一个双重幸福气候窍门。

Ready?

准备好了吗？

First, bundle your trips.

首先，把行程打包。

This means combining multiple trips into one

这意味着和朋友、家人见面

by meeting up with friends and family

把多次行程合为一个，

and maybe doing a little sightseeing in the region

或许在当地观光一下，

to reap the happiness benefits of social connection.

获得更多社交带来的幸福。

I flew here to New York from Vancouver for this conference,

我从温哥华飞来纽约参加这个会议

and I'm meeting up with my friends in New York to be happier.

同时也在纽约见一些朋友，我更开心了。

Second, cutting out unnecessary flights

第二，减少不必要的航班

can contribute to a sense of time affluence

有助于让你感到时间充裕，

and that is a feeling that you have enough time

就可以让你有更多的时间

to do what you want to do.

去做想做的事。

Studies have shown that people who experience time affluence

研究表明，感到时间充裕的人

tend to be happier

要更幸福。

because [it] enhances our sense of mindfulness,

因为这增强了我们的专注感，

autonomy and connection to others.

自主性和与他人的联系。

In a recent study, people felt happier

在近期研究中，人们在进行

when they made a time-saving purchase than a material purchase

节省时间的购买时

比购买物品更加幸福，

because the time-saving purchase made them feel less stressed.

因为节省时间的购买让人压力更小。

So before you book your next flight,

所以，在下次买机票之前，

think about all the other trips you have to take in the future

想想那些以后必要的出行，

and ask yourself whether you can bundle these flights

问问自己能不能把旅程打包，

to save your future self some time.

为未来节省一些时间。

Now, do you want to know the best part of this whole happy climate strategy?

现在，你们想知道

整个幸福气候计划最好的部分吗？

It doesn't have to stay at the individual level.

它不止停留在个人层面。

We can actually call for happy climate policies that governments can enact

我们可以呼吁政府制定这些幸福气候政策，

so that everyone can get a chance to take these happy climate actions.

来让每个人都有机会采取幸福气候行动。

Let me give you an example.

我来举个例子。

Cities should invest more in climate-friendly infrastructure

城市应该在气候友好基建上投资更多，

like bike lanes,

如单车道，

so more people get to bike.

让更多人骑单车。

Cities can also invest more in nature-based solutions,

城市也可以在

基于自然的解决方案中投资更多。

like urban green spaces,

例如城市绿地，

that not only help cool the city down during the summer,

它不仅帮助城市在夏季降温，

but they also provide space to take a walk,

同时也提供更多散步的空间，

to meet your neighbors,

让你和邻居见见面，

to walk your bunny,

遛遛你的兔子，

and then you can feel happier.

让你感到更幸福。

In fact, some studies show that taking a walk in nature

事实上，一些研究显示，

在绿地中漫步

makes people feel happier

比在街上散步，

than taking a walk on a city street.

让人感到更幸福。

I think you get the gist here.

我觉得已经略知一二了。

And I encourage you to take a moment

我鼓励大家花点时间

and think about the actions you can take in your own life

想想在自己的生活中

可以采取哪些行动

that not only reduce emissions, but also can make yourself feel happier.

在减少排放的同时，能让自己更幸福。

There's probably a lot of those in this sweet spot,

这个甜蜜点有很大的范围，

so please get creative,

请发挥想象力，

because the bottom line is this:

因为底线是：

we need to change the narrative on climate action.

我们要改变气候行动的印象。

We need to make climate action feel good because if we get this right,

气候行动要让人们感觉更好，

因为如果我们做对，

our future will indeed be happy.

我们的未来确实会更幸福。

Thank you.

谢谢大家。

(Applause and cheers)

（掌声和欢呼）