How to Feng Shui Your Fridge — and Other Happy Climate Hacks | Jiaying Zhao | TED

譯者: 麗玲 辛 審譯者: Helen Chang

Hi everyone.

大家好。

I'm JZ.

我是 JZ，

Not the cool rapper,

不是那個很酷的饒舌歌手，

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

but the professor trying to cool the planet through behavior change.

而是個想藉由改變行為 為地球降溫的教授。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

The other day I gave my students an assignment.

前幾天我給學生一個作業，

I asked them to come up with individual actions they can take

請他們列出個人可以採取的 行動，得具有兩個功能：

that serve two functions:

reduce greenhouse gas emissions

減少溫室氣體排放，

and make themselves feel happier.

同時讓自己更快樂。

They did a great job coming up with actions to reduce emissions,

在減少排放行動這方面， 學生做得很好，

but they had a much harder time with the happiness part.

但在增加幸福方面，卻困難得多。

One student told me that he wanted to cut back on cheese.

一位學生告訴我他想少吃起司。

But right after he said that, he got really sad.

但才說完，他就覺得很難過。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Unfortunately, my students are not alone.

不幸的是，我的學生並不是特例。

When most people think about climate action,

大多數人想到氣候行動時，

they immediately default to things they have to give up for the planet.

他們會立即預設自己必須 為了地球放棄些事物。

This mindset is so ingrained in us,

這種心態在我們心中根深蒂固，

partly because the current narrative on climate action

部分原因是目前關於氣候行動的論述 都是關於個人犧牲。

is about personal sacrifice.

Drive less, eat less meat, shop less.

少開車，少吃肉，少購物。

Less, less, less.

少，少，少。

Now I'm a behavioral scientist, so trust me when I say this,

我是行為科學家，所以請相信我，

this framing doesn't make us feel great.

這個框架不會讓我們開心，

If anything, it makes us feel shameful and guilty.

頂多讓我們感到羞恥和內疚。

And those negative emotions are not conducive to long term behavior change

而且這些負面情緒不利長期行為改變，

because they make us retreat and disengage.

因為我們會想退縮、躲避。

If the future of a planet depends on a few people

如果一個星球的未來取決於 少數人願意做出個人犧牲，

willing to make personal sacrifices,

we're not going to make it.

我們是不會成功的。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

So what should we do instead?

那麼我們該怎麼辦呢？

The aha moment came to me at the end of a faculty meeting

某次校務會議結束時，我得到頓悟，

when my colleague, Elizabeth Dunn, approached me and asked,

當時我的同事伊麗莎白·鄧恩 走近我，問道：

"Can we make climate action feel happy instead of miserable?"

「我們能讓氣候行動 令人快樂而不是痛苦嗎？」

I said, "Of course."

我說：「當然能。」

But then it struck me

那時我才突然察覺，

that I don't think anyone ever connected happiness to climate action.

從來沒有人將幸福與 氣候行動聯想一起。

So Liz and I set down to do exactly that.

所以麗莎和我開始著手去做。

Liz is a happiness scientist.

麗莎是一位幸福科學家。

She knows what makes people happy.

她知道什麼能讓人快樂。

I'm a behavioral scientist.

我是行為科學家。

I know what makes people change their behavior.

我知道改變人們行為的成因。

I'm also a human carbon calculator.

我也計算人類碳排量。

I like figuring out exactly how much emissions certain activities have.

我喜歡弄清楚某些活動的 排放量到底有多少。

So first I came up with a list of actions

因此，我先提出了一份

可以大幅減少溫室氣體 排放的行動清單。

that can substantially reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

And then Liz identified the actions with the largest happiness benefits.

然後麗莎找出具有 最大幸福收益的行為。

And this is how we came up with what we call

我們就是這樣列出

the happy climate approach.

所謂的快樂氣候䇿略。

It's actions in the sweet spot that not only reduce emissions

在最有效的點採取行動 不僅可以減少排放，

but also make you feel happier at the same time.

同時還可以讓人們更快樂。

Now, I know that some of you may think that individual actions may seem trivial

我知道也許有些人認為 若不進行大規模的系統改造，

without large-scale system change.

個別行動微不足道。

I get that.

我明白。

But let me tell you how I think about this as a behavior change expert.

但容我告訴你，身為行為改變專家， 我如何看待這個問題。

Our individual actions do matter

我們的個人行為確實很重要，

because they embody our values

因為它們體現了我們的價值觀

and our care for the planet to other people.

以及對他人、對地球的關懷。

They can spread like a ripple effect to instigate collective action.

這些行為如漣漪效應般 散播、激發集體行動。

They send a market signal to businesses

它們向企業發出市場信號，

and they can trigger broader structural institutional change.

能引發更廣泛的結構性制度變革。

So yes, we do need system change,

是的，我們確實需要改變系統，

but we also need individual behavior change.

但我們也需要改變個人行為。

Don't let anyone tell you otherwise.

如果有人看法不同，別聽他的。

Alright.

好的，現在，我想帶你來趟

Now I want to take you on a whirlwind tour

我最喜歡的快樂氣候行動旋風之旅。

through some of my favorite happy climate actions.

Are you ready?

你準備好了嗎？

（觀眾：是！）

(Audience: Yes!)

太好了。

Great.

Let's start with my pet bunny.

讓我們從我的寵物兔開始吧，

Since this is a year of the rabbit.

今年是兔年嘛。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

A few years ago,

幾年前，

my partner and I adopted Greenwich.

我和我的伴侶收養了格林威治。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

She's adorable.

她很可愛。

She's also a vegan.

她也吃素。

We have so many plants,

因為格林威治，我們家裡 才有這麼多植物、蔬果。

vegetables and fruits in our house, thanks to Greenwich.

And because of that,

也正因為如此，

I'm eating a lot more vegetables myself than I used to.

我自己比以前吃多很多的蔬菜。

And I’m not kidding,

說真的，

I'm feeling a lot happier.

我覺得更快樂了。

Eating more plants can reduce agricultural emissions by up to 80 percent.

多吃素食可以減少 高達 80% 的農業排放。

I guess that part you may have known before.

我猜你早就知道。

But do you also know that a plant-based diet can make you feel happier?

但你知道素食也能讓你更快樂嗎？

Decades of medical studies suggest

數十年的醫學研究顯示，

that a plant-based diet can increase both physical and mental health.

素食可以促進身心健康。

In a recent experiment,

在最近的一項實驗中，

researchers recruited people from North Dakota

研究人員從北達科他州招募了

who barely ate any vegetables.

幾乎不吃任何蔬食的人。

And they fed these people a plant-based diet for two months.

他們讓這些人吃了兩個月的素食。

These people, on this diet,

在採用這種飲食兩個月後， 這些人覺得比起實驗前更加快樂。

felt a lot happier at the end of two months,

than they did before they started the experiment.

So researchers think that this is because plants --

研究人員認為，這是因為蔬食

so fruits, vegetables --

－－包括水果和蔬菜－－

are high in vitamins and phytochemicals

富含維生素和植化素，

that provide both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits

可為大腦和身體提供抗氧化 和抗炎作用的養分。

to the brain and the body.

So the happy climate action here is eat more plants.

所以第一個快樂氣候行動 是吃更多的蔬食。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

But this does not mean never eat meat,

但這並不意味著永遠不要吃肉，

because I can tell you that deprivation is a disaster for happiness.

因為我可以告訴你， 匱乏對幸福來說是災難。

Instead, we should aim for the right balance

我們應該以飲食中肉類 和蔬果的適當平衡為目標，

of meat and plants in our diet

that will make us maximally happy.

這會讓我們最幸福。

Now, as you're thinking about this diet and this balance,

不過，當你考量這種飲食和平衡時，

understand that not all meat is created equal.

要明白並非所有的肉都生而平等。

One kilogram of beef

一公斤牛肉排放約一百公斤溫室氣體。

emits about 100 kilograms of greenhouse gases.

That's roughly the same as driving 250 miles.

這跟開 250 英里車差不多。

But other types of meat,

但其他種類的肉類，

like fish, pork and poultry have a lot lower emissions.

如魚、豬肉和雞鴨，排放量要低得多。

But if you do want to eat beef,

但如果你真的想吃牛肉，

here's the happy climate hack:

我有一個快樂氣候的竅門： 讓它成為一種享受。

make it a treat.

One study shows that temporarily giving up something we enjoy

一項研究顯示，暫時放棄喜歡的東西，

can actually renew our capacity to savor that thing when we have it again.

再次擁有時，我們其實更能好好品味。

And that can increase our happiness.

那會增加我們的幸福感。

And beyond food, we can turn other things into a treat as well,

除了食物，我們還可以 把其他事變成享受，

like shopping.

像是購物。

Now you know that fast fashion has a huge climate impact.

大家知道快時尚對氣候有巨大衝擊。

So instead of shopping often,

因此，與其經常購物，

make shopping a treat.

不如讓購物成為一種享受。

And here's the happy climate hack.

以下是快樂氣候竅門。

Jackets, jeans, shoes have a lot of greenhouse gas emissions.

夾克、牛仔褲、鞋子都有 大量的溫室氣體排放。

So treating ourselves to high-quality versions of these products

因此，我們可以款待自己 購買這些衣物高品質的物件，

that won't fall apart after a few wears is actually good for the planet.

穿幾次也不會壞，這對地球才有益。

Underwear, on the other hand, have pretty low emissions.

另一方面，內衣的排放量非常低。

So, you know, please buy those whenever you need them.

所以，需要的時候，就買吧。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

You're welcome.

不客氣。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Now let's talk about waste.

現在讓我們談談浪費。

你知道嗎？如果生活空間乾淨、 秉持零廢棄、井井有條，

Do you know that if your space is clean, zero-waste and organized,

you may feel happier?

你會感到更快樂。

Let's take a look at perhaps the messiest part of everybody's home:

我們來看看每個人家裡最亂的地方：

the fridge.

冰箱。

Some environmental experts recommend that we put perishables into the drawers

環保專家建議我們 把易腐爛的東西放進抽屜裡，

and put the condiments at the door.

把調味料放在冰箱門。

I hate to say this, but I disagree.

我不想直說，但這我不同意。

I don't think the fridge is designed with human behavior in mind.

我認為冰箱的設計 沒有考慮到人類行為模式。

We often forget about the things in the drawers, right,

我們經常忘記抽屜裡的東西，對吧？

out of sight, out of mind.

眼不見，心不念。

And that can lead to a lot of food waste and emissions.

這會導致大量食物浪費和排放。

So what's the happy climate action here?

那這裡的快樂氣候行動是什麼？

Feng shui your fridge.

注意你冰箱的風水。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

This is how I feng shui-ed my fridge.

我是這樣調冰箱的風水，

By moving the perishables to the door

把易腐爛的東西移到門上，

and the condiments into the drawers,

調味料放到抽屜裡，

so I can catch things before they rot.

這樣我就可以在食物 壞掉前注意到它們。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I also FIFOd my fridge, that is, “first in, first out,”

我的冰箱還有「先進先出」原則，

meaning, moving older items to the front of the fridge

意思是，將較久的物品 移到冰箱的前方，

so I don't forget about them.

這樣我就不會忘記它們。

This way you can have a zero-waste clean fridge

這樣你就可以擁有 一個零浪費的乾淨冰箱，

and you may feel happier.

你會感到更快樂。

Now beyond waste, we have to talk about travel.

除了浪費，我們還得談談旅行。

And here's the happy climate hack.

以下是快樂氣候竅門。

Instead of saying "drive less,"

與其說「少開車」，

we should say “drive more ...

不如說「多…

people."

載人。」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Yes.

是的。

Some studies suggest

研究顯示，

that the more time we spend with our friends and family,

與朋友、家人相處的時間越多，

the happier we feel.

我們就越快樂。

So what this means is that instead of driving alone in our car,

這表示我們不該獨自開車，

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

we should drive our friends.

我們應該開車接送朋友。

Because carpooling can turn those dreadful minutes behind the wheel

因為共乘會讓煩人的開車時間

into joyful moments of socializing.

變成快樂的社交時刻。

Or you can ditch the car altogether and bike.

不然你也可以不開車，改騎自行車。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Better yet, bike with your bunny.

更棒的是，和你的兔子一起騎自行車。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Biking is virtually carbon-free.

騎自行車實際上是零碳排的。

And it also offers moderate exercise that activates our endocannabinoid system.

它還提供適度的運動來激活 我們的內源性大麻素系統，

And that contributes to a sense of euphoria,

有助於產生幸福感，

that's bikers high,

也就是自行車騎士愉悅感，

and greater mental well-being.

心理也更健康。

Now, we also know that flying is carbon intensive.

還有，我們知道飛行是碳密集型的。

One round trip between Vancouver and New York

溫哥華和紐約之間的一次往返

emits about half a ton of greenhouse gases.

會排放大約半噸溫室氣體。

That's equivalent to 400 chicken burgers.

這相當於 400 個雞肉漢堡，

That's a lot of burgers.

相當多的漢堡。

But what's exciting here is that there's a double happy climate hack here.

不過，有趣的是， 我有個雙重快樂氣候竅門。

Ready?

準備好？

First, bundle your trips.

首先，組合你的旅程。

This means combining multiple trips into one

也就是將多次旅行合而為一，

by meeting up with friends and family

安排順道探望朋友、家人，

and maybe doing a little sightseeing in the region

也許還可以在該地區觀光一下，

to reap the happiness benefits of social connection.

以獲取社交聯繫帶來的幸福感。

I flew here to New York from Vancouver for this conference,

我從溫哥華飛到紐約參加這次會議，

and I'm meeting up with my friends in New York to be happier.

我會和紐約的朋友見面， 讓自己更開心。

Second, cutting out unnecessary flights

其次，減少不必要的航班，

can contribute to a sense of time affluence

這有助營造時間充裕的感覺，

and that is a feeling that you have enough time

也就是你會覺得有足夠的時間

to do what you want to do.

去做自己想做的事情。

Studies have shown that people who experience time affluence

研究表明，時間充裕的人往往更快樂，

tend to be happier

because [it] enhances our sense of mindfulness,

因為這會增強我們的專注正念、

autonomy and connection to others.

自主性和與他人的連結。

In a recent study, people felt happier

最近一項研究顯示，

人們進行節省時間的消費 比購買物品時更快樂，

when they made a time-saving purchase than a material purchase

because the time-saving purchase made them feel less stressed.

因為省時的消費使他們感到壓力更小。

So before you book your next flight,

因此，在預訂下一次航班之前，

think about all the other trips you have to take in the future

請想一下你未來必須進行的所有旅程，

and ask yourself whether you can bundle these flights

想一想自己是否可以組合這些航班，

to save your future self some time.

為未來的自己節省一些時間。

Now, do you want to know the best part of this whole happy climate strategy?

你想知道整個快樂氣候䇿略 最棒的點在那裡嗎？

It doesn't have to stay at the individual level.

它不必停留在個人層面。

We can actually call for happy climate policies that governments can enact

實際上，我們可以呼籲政府 制定幸福氣候政策，

so that everyone can get a chance to take these happy climate actions.

讓每個人都有機會採取 這些愉悅的氣候行動。

Let me give you an example.

容我舉個例子。

Cities should invest more in climate-friendly infrastructure

城市應增加對自行車道等 氣候友善基礎設施的投資，

like bike lanes,

so more people get to bike.

讓更多人騎自行車。

Cities can also invest more in nature-based solutions,

城市還可以多多投資自然的解決方案，

like urban green spaces,

例如城市綠地，

that not only help cool the city down during the summer,

這不僅有助於在夏季為城市降溫，

but they also provide space to take a walk,

而且還提供空間來散步、 與鄰居見面、遛兔子，

to meet your neighbors,

to walk your bunny,

and then you can feel happier.

然後你會感到更快樂。

In fact, some studies show that taking a walk in nature

事實上，研究表明，在大自然中散步

makes people feel happier

比在城市街道上散步更讓人感到快樂。

than taking a walk on a city street.

I think you get the gist here.

我想你明白要領了。

And I encourage you to take a moment

我鼓勵你花點時間

and think about the actions you can take in your own life

想想自己在生活中可以採取哪些行動，

that not only reduce emissions, but also can make yourself feel happier.

不僅可以減少排放， 還可以感覺更快樂。

There's probably a lot of those in this sweet spot,

可能有很多這樣的最佳平衡點，

so please get creative,

所以請發揮創意，

because the bottom line is this:

因為最重要的是：

we need to change the narrative on climate action.

我們需要改變對氣候行動的論述。

We need to make climate action feel good because if we get this right,

我們應該讓氣候行動令人開心，

因為如果我們做對了， 我們的未來確實會很幸福。

our future will indeed be happy.

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲和歡呼聲）