Nicola Sturgeon: How small countries can make a big impact on climate change | TED Countdown

翻译人员: 宇航 李 校对人员: Thomas Tam

I’m going to start today with a question.

首先，我向大家提出个问题。

In other contexts, perhaps, a risky question,

在其他情况下， 或许是个冒险的问题，

not one you would expect from somebody in my position

你不会期望从我这个职位的人 那里得到的，在谈论气候变化。

in a talk about climate change.

But it's important.

但这確實是很重要。

Does size matter?

大小重要吗？

(Laughter)

(哄堂大笑)

My answer, perhaps also unexpected,

我的答案，或许也出乎意料，

is that no, it really, really doesn't.

不是，它是真的，还是真的没有。

(Laughter)

(哄堂大笑)

And Scotland --

苏格兰——

(Applause)

（掌声雷鸣）

Scotland is proving that.

苏格兰就是最好的证明。

About a mile from here, in the National Museum of Scotland,

在距离苏格兰国家博物馆 大约1公里的地方，

you will find on display a steam engine designed by the great engineer James Watt.

你会看到一个蒸汽机的展出， 由伟大的工程师詹姆斯.瓦特设计。

A hundred miles from here, just off the coast of Aberdeen,

离这里一百英里，就在阿伯丁海岸附近，

is the world's biggest floating wind farm.

是世界上最大的漂浮风力发电场。

And then just a bit further north from there, in the Pentland Firth,

再往北一点，在彭特兰湾，

we find the biggest wave power turbine being tested.

我们发现正在测试 最大的波浪发电涡轮机，

These are all extraordinary feats of technology and engineering,

这些都是技术和工程的非凡成就。

but they also demonstrate how Scotland, a relatively small country,

但他们也展示了苏格兰 这个相对较小的国家，

led the world into the Industrial Age

曾引领世界进入工业时代，

and is now helping to power the world into the Net-Zero Age.

现在正推动世界进入“净零脱碳时代”。

And there's a lesson for us in that.

这给我们上了一课。

When we talk about tackling climate change,

当我们谈到应对气候变化時，

we so often talk about the contributions of America, Russia, China, Brazil,

經常提及的是美国、俄罗斯、 中国和巴西所做的贡献，

and that's important.

当然那很重要。

We won't limit global warming without these countries,

若没有这些国家， 并不能解决全球变暖的问题，

but we also have to recognize

但我们同时也不得不承认

that the ambition, the leadership and the action of small countries

小国的雄心壮志、领导力和行动

matters too.

也同样重要。

Small countries have no time for small objectives,

小国没有时间追求小目标，

and I really agree with that.

我对这个观点非常赞同。

And we see examples of the leadership

我看到关于领导力的例子

that small countries show everywhere we look.

到处都能看到小国尽在发挥。

Take Bhutan.

就以不丹为例，

One million people or thereabouts became the first in the world

这个有着近乎百万人的国家 成为了世界上第一个

to commit to being carbon-neutral for all time.

致力实现碳中和的国家。

Since then, 130 countries of all sizes have followed suit.

从那以后，130个大小国家 也尾随不丹的步伐。

Or Fiji.

或是其他例子，

In 2017, it hosted the UN Climate Conference

在2017年，斐济举办了 联合国气候会议，

and did so much to highlight the existential threat

并做了很多事情来强调存在的威胁，

that climate change poses to island nations.

气候变化对岛国构成了威胁。

Now, a country like Scotland with a rich industrial past

现在，像苏格兰 过去有着强大工业基础的国家

has a special responsibility.

也需要承担一定的责任。

We have disproportionately contributed to climate change,

我们在不同程度上 致使气候变化加剧，

so we must do more now to help tackle climate change.

因此，我们必须付出更多 去应对气候变化。

So in recent years, Scotland, this small country,

在近些年来，这个小国家苏格兰，

has decarbonized faster than any G20 country.

在碳减排方面，比二十国集团， 任何一个国家都要好。

We have just become --

我们已成为——

(Applause)

（掌声雷鸣）

We have just become the first nation in the world

我们已成为世界上第一个国家——

that is not an independent nation --

非独立的国家，

yet -- to publish --

然而发布——

(Laughter)

（哄堂大笑）

(Applause)

（掌声雷鸣）

to publish

发表了

an indicative, nationally defined contribution

一份国家定义的指示性贡献

showing how we will meet the objectives of the Paris Agreement.

展示我们将如何实现 《巴黎协定》的目标。

So we've pledged to cut emissions by three quarters by 2030

所以我们承诺将在2030年之前 减少四分之三的碳排放，

and to be net zero by 2045.

并且在2045年实现零排放。

We're also seeking to galvanize change on the global stage.

同时，我们希望 能在全球舞台上迎来更大的改变。

So we are currently the cochair of a coalition

近来，我们成为了联盟的联合主席

that brings together 200 states, regions,

并将200个国家、地区 和像我们这样的权力下放国家联合起来，

devolved countries like ours

to demonstrate leadership in meeting the challenge of climate change.

并在应对气候变化的问题上 发挥领导作用。

Now that coalition is not represented formally at UN summits,

尽管联盟在联合国峰会上没有正式代表，

we are not signatories to the treaties that emerge from these summits.

我们也不是这些联合国 峰会协议的签署国。

But collectively, we represent two billion people across the world,

但总的来说，我们代表了 全世界20亿的人类，

and about half of the reduction in global emissions that we need to see

并且我们会为了全球 碳排放减半而作出努力，

will depend on the actions we take.

这将取决于我们所采取的行动

They will depend on the legislation we pass,

和通过的立法，

the infrastructure we build, the investments we fund.

也要靠所建立的基础设施 和筹集得來的投资資金。

So my point today is that, yes, big countries matter,

因此，我今天的观点是大国很重要，

but the leadership of small nations matters too.

但小国的领导同样也重要；

It's often states and regions and small nations that can step in

我们的组织通常是国家、 地区和小国可以参与，

when the bigger countries fail to act.

就在大国不能 很好地发挥作用的时候。

So when Trump disgracefully took America out of the Paris Agreement,

所以当可耻的川普政府 让美国退出《巴黎协定》的时候，

it was a coalition of states and cities that kept the momentum going.

正是我们国家和城市的联盟 保持了这种势头。

And if we raise our ambition and if we follow that through with action,

假若我们能有雄心壮志，并贯彻执行，

then we can spark the bigger countries to go further and faster, too.

我们将会激励大国 在这条路上走的更远和更快。

And there's one final point where our voice and our contribution matters.

到最后，我们的想法 和贡献是极其重要的。

So often it's states or devolved nations like Scotland

所以通常是国家 或像苏格兰这样的权力下放国家

that have to respond most directly to the impacts of climate change:

必须最直接地应对气候变化的影响——

heatwaves, floods, hurricanes.

热浪，洪水和飓风。

We have to deal with the implications.

我们必须处理这些影响。

Now, for Scotland, California and New South Wales

现在对于苏格兰、 加利福尼亚州和新南威尔士州，

that's difficult but manageable.

是个难题，不过还能应付。

For many others across the world, it is not.

但对于世界上其他国家， 就不是这样。

So climate justice matters, too.

所以对气候问题的公道也很重要。

It’s not enough to cut our own emissions, although that is vital;

仅仅是减少本国碳排放是不够的， 虽然这很重要；

we have to make sure we are helping those

我们还要确保能够帮助那些

who have done the least to cause climate change

对气候变化付出最小的国家

to do so too.

也作出一份贡献。

And with the spirit of justice and fairness

并将公平及公正的信念

absolutely at the heart of that.

完完全全地揣在心中。

So to conclude, my message today is

总结一下，今天我想表达的是

that countries of all shapes and sizes must step up to this challenge.

无论国家是怎样 都必须加紧应对这一挑战。

We cannot allow our size to be something that we hide behind.

我们不能让面积的大小 成为我们躲藏的借口。

When it comes to tackling climate change, size really, really does not matter.

在应对气候变化方面， 规模真的、真的无关紧要。

We must think big in our ambition.

我们必须有抱负。

We must act big in what we do,

我们必须在工作中展示我们的才能，

and we must be big when it comes to the impact we make.

也必须有野心去产生强大的影响。

Thank you very much.

非常感谢您们。

(Applause)

（掌声雷鸣）

Bruno Giussani: First Minister, thank you.

布鲁诺·朱萨尼：首席大臣，谢谢你﹗

I would like to ask a couple of questions

我想问你几个问题

because you mentioned the wind farms up north,

因为你刚才提到了 北边的风力发电场，

but there is a new field opening up in the north,

但那北方有新的发展， 是块油田，坎博油田。

it is an oil field, the Cambo oil field.

It’s been licensed by the UK government,

由英国政府授权，

and a few weeks ago you wrote to the prime minister

并且几个星期以前， 你曾写信给英国首相，

of the UK government,

and you asked him to reassess that field and the licensing

你还建议他重新评估这个领域和授权，

in view of the climate emergency.

鉴于当今的气候危机。

There's also a growing movement in Scotland against that project.

苏格兰也有越来越多的反对该项目的运动。

What are people to make of opening up a new gigantic oil field

人们将可以如何开辟一个新的巨大油田，

while at the same time pushing for decarbonizing policies at COP?

在缔约方会议推动脱碳政策的同时？

Nicola Sturgeon: I think people are right to ask big questions and be concerned.

尼古拉·斯特金：人们提出重大问题， 并感到担忧是正常的。

Oil and gas is important to Scotland.

油气对苏格兰很重要。

It has been for four, almost five decades important to fulfilling our energy needs,

对满足我们将近五十年 能源的需求是很重要的，

but it's important to our economy.

但它們对经济也很重要。

But if we're not prepared to ask ourselves the hard questions,

但如果我们没有准备好 向自己询问这些难题，

we're not really facing up to this challenge.

我们未准备好去面对这个挑战。

We can't switch fossil fuels off overnight,

我们亦不能一夜之间 停止使用化石燃料，

but we must accelerate the transition away from them.

但我们必须加快转型，减少使用。

And therefore the question is: Is new exploration consistent with that?

那么问题来了： 我们新的探索与其一致吗？

And that's the question I posed to the prime minister

这也是我向首相提出的问题，

where the power over this lies.

因为一切的权力都在他手裏。

Yes, we need to make sure that we make the transition sustainably and fairly.

是的，我们需要确保 能够实现持续的和平稳的转型。

But if we just rely on new exploration of the old ways of doing things,

但如果我们过于依赖那从旧方法而来的新探索的话，

I think the question is whether we do that at the pace we are required to do.

问题就在于是否符合 我们要求的处理步调。

So a country like Scotland, we can't just answer the easy questions.

那么像苏格兰这样的国家， 就不能只解决简单的问题。

We've got to face up to the hard questions as well.

我们也要尝试去解决一些难题。

But we must make sure the transition is just --

但我们必须要明确这种转变，

just for people, for communities and for the planet as a whole.

是为了人类、为了社会和为了全地球。

And that's what we are committed to seeking,

这就是我们要探索的事物，

to show leadership on.

和展现的领导力。

BG: What was your exact demand?

朱萨尼：具体要求是什么？

Redraw the lines? Suspend it? Change it? Reanalyze it?

重新再画线，暂停或 更改，或再重新分析吗？

NS: Well, the license was granted 20 years ago.

斯特金：这个许可证在20年前已经批准了。

There is a process now it has to go through

现在有一个过程它必须经过

to get approval for development.

是获得开发许可。

And my argument is

而我的看法是

just if a company was now applying for a new licence,

如果一家公司现在申请新的牌照，

there would have to be a climate compatibility check.

则必须进行气候兼容性检查。

Now, arguably that's not robust enough,

也许现在的检查手段还不是很健全，

but the same thing should happen

但会促成过去的重演，

if our existing license is turned into development consent.

如果我们将现有的许可证 转变成开发许可。

And that's the process I think should happen.

那么在开发过程中， 终会将一切重演。

We've got to be careful

我们需要保持谨慎

that we don't leave communities and people behind in that transition.

不会在过渡过程中 将社区和人民抛在脑后。

We've got to be careful we don't switch domestic production

我们要保持谨慎，不要将国内生产

to imports of oil and gas.

转变为进口油气。

That would be counterproductive.

那会适得其反。

So the way in which we make the transition matters.

因此，我们进行过渡的方式很重要。

But we can’t have a business as usual.

也不能像以前一样做事情了。

Because if we keep telling ourselves we can rely on fossil fuels forever,

因为如果我们不断告诉自己 可以永远依赖化石燃料，

then we'll never meet that transition.

将无法达到转型的目的。

And that's the key point I think we've got to address.

这就是关键。

BG: Let's hope it goes in that direction.

朱萨尼：愿一切步入正轨。

First Minister, thank you for coming to TED.

首席大臣，感谢您来临 TED。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

(掌声雷鸣)