Nicola Sturgeon: How small countries can make a big impact on climate change | TED Countdown

譯者: 思曼 黃 審譯者: Thomas Tam

I’m going to start today with a question.

今天的演講，我要從一個問題開始，

In other contexts, perhaps, a risky question,

在其他情況下， 這也許是一個冒險的問題，

not one you would expect from somebody in my position

你不會指望我這個職位的人，

in a talk about climate change.

會在氣候變遷議題上問這個問題，

But it's important.

但這很重要。

Does size matter?

大小真的重要嗎？

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

My answer, perhaps also unexpected,

也許在意料之外，我的答案

is that no, it really, really doesn't.

是不重要的，大小真的無關緊要。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And Scotland --

而蘇格蘭，

(Applause)

（鼓掌聲）

Scotland is proving that.

蘇格蘭就是證明。

離開這裡大約 1.61 公里， 在蘇格蘭國家博物館，

About a mile from here, in the National Museum of Scotland,

you will find on display a steam engine designed by the great engineer James Watt.

你會在展覽中發現一臺

由偉大的工程師詹姆士·瓦特 發明的蒸汽機。

A hundred miles from here, just off the coast of Aberdeen,

離這裡約 161 公里， 就在亞伯丁的海岸附近，

is the world's biggest floating wind farm.

那裡有全世界最大的 浮動式離岸風力發電場。

And then just a bit further north from there, in the Pentland Firth,

再往北一點，於彭特蘭海峽，

we find the biggest wave power turbine being tested.

正在測試世界最大的潮汐渦輪機。

These are all extraordinary feats of technology and engineering,

這些都是非凡的科技和工程成就，

but they also demonstrate how Scotland, a relatively small country,

而他們也證明了蘇格蘭， 一個相對較小的國家，

led the world into the Industrial Age

曾經引領世界進入工業時代，

and is now helping to power the world into the Net-Zero Age.

現在正幫助世界進入淨零時代。

And there's a lesson for us in that.

這為我們上了一課。

When we talk about tackling climate change,

當我們談論如何應對氣候變化時，

we so often talk about the contributions of America, Russia, China, Brazil,

我們經常談論到

美國、俄羅斯、中國和巴西的貢獻，

and that's important.

當然他們很重要。

We won't limit global warming without these countries,

沒有這些國家， 我們無法控制全球暖化，

but we also have to recognize

但我們也必須認知到

that the ambition, the leadership and the action of small countries

小國家的抱負、領導和行動，

matters too.

也很重要。

Small countries have no time for small objectives,

「小國家沒有時間追求小目標」，

and I really agree with that.

我非常認同這句話。

And we see examples of the leadership

我們到處都能看見

that small countries show everywhere we look.

小國家展現他們的領導力。

Take Bhutan.

以不丹為例，

One million people or thereabouts became the first in the world

大約有一百萬人，成為世界上首先

to commit to being carbon-neutral for all time.

承諾永遠保持碳中和的國家。

Since then, 130 countries of all sizes have followed suit.

之後，有 130 個 大大小小的國家紛紛效仿。

Or Fiji.

或是以斐濟為例，

In 2017, it hosted the UN Climate Conference

在 2017 年，斐濟主辦了 聯合國氣候變化大會，

and did so much to highlight the existential threat

做了很多事情來強調

that climate change poses to island nations.

氣候變化對島國的生存威脅。

Now, a country like Scotland with a rich industrial past

現在，如同蘇格蘭 有著豐富工業歷史的國家，

has a special responsibility.

要肩負特別的責任。

We have disproportionately contributed to climate change,

我們促成不成比例的氣候變遷，

so we must do more now to help tackle climate change.

所以我們現在必須更加努力 來幫助應對氣候變遷。

So in recent years, Scotland, this small country,

因此近年來蘇格蘭 這個小國家的減碳速度，

has decarbonized faster than any G20 country.

比任何 G20 大工業國都快。

We have just become --

我們成為了……

(Applause)

（鼓掌聲）

We have just become the first nation in the world

我們成為了世界上第一個國家，

that is not an independent nation --

雖然不是獨立國家

yet -- to publish --

但是發表了……

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

(Applause)

（鼓掌聲）

to publish

我們發表了

an indicative, nationally defined contribution

「國家自定貢獻」

showing how we will meet the objectives of the Paris Agreement.

說明我們該如何達成 《巴黎協定》的目標。

So we've pledged to cut emissions by three quarters by 2030

我們承諾在 2030 年減碳 75%，

and to be net zero by 2045.

而 2045 年將實現淨零排放。

We're also seeking to galvanize change on the global stage.

我們也尋求在國際上激發變革。

So we are currently the cochair of a coalition

我們現在是一個聯盟的共同主席，

that brings together 200 states, regions,

此聯盟集合了 200 個州和地區，

devolved countries like ours

和像蘇格蘭一樣，權力下放的國家

to demonstrate leadership in meeting the challenge of climate change.

以展現在應對氣候變化挑戰的領導力。

Now that coalition is not represented formally at UN summits,

聯盟在聯合國上沒有正式代表，

we are not signatories to the treaties that emerge from these summits.

由於我們不是聯合國衍生條約的簽署國。

But collectively, we represent two billion people across the world,

然而，總體而言， 我們代表著全世界 20 億人口，

and about half of the reduction in global emissions that we need to see

大約全球一半的減碳量，

will depend on the actions we take.

這將取決於我們所採取的行動；

They will depend on the legislation we pass,

也將取決於我們通過的法案、

the infrastructure we build, the investments we fund.

我們的公共設施和投資。

So my point today is that, yes, big countries matter,

所以我今天的觀點是， 的確，大國很重要，

but the leadership of small nations matters too.

但是小國家的領導力也同樣重要。

It's often states and regions and small nations that can step in

當大國家沒有作為時，

when the bigger countries fail to act.

往往是一些州、地區 或小國家挺身帶領。

So when Trump disgracefully took America out of the Paris Agreement,

所以當川普可恥地 讓美國退出「巴黎氣候協定」時，

it was a coalition of states and cities that kept the momentum going.

正是州與城市的聯盟 挺身遵守下去。

And if we raise our ambition and if we follow that through with action,

如果我們提高我們的雄心壯志， 並以行動貫徹到底，

then we can spark the bigger countries to go further and faster, too.

那麼我們就能激勵更大的國家 走得更遠更快。

And there's one final point where our voice and our contribution matters.

還有最後一點， 我們的聲音和貢獻很重要。

So often it's states or devolved nations like Scotland

通常像蘇格蘭這樣的州 或權力下放的國家，

that have to respond most directly to the impacts of climate change:

會最直接地受氣候變遷影響：

heatwaves, floods, hurricanes.

熱浪、洪水、颶風。

We have to deal with the implications.

我們必須解決這些問題。

Now, for Scotland, California and New South Wales

現在，對於蘇格蘭、加州 和新南威爾士州來說

that's difficult but manageable.

這些問題很難解決，但可以控制。

For many others across the world, it is not.

對世界上許多其他國家來說， 情况並非如此。

So climate justice matters, too.

因此，氣候正義也很重要。

It’s not enough to cut our own emissions, although that is vital;

僅僅减少我們的碳排放量是不夠的， 儘管這至關重要；

we have to make sure we are helping those

我們也必須確保我們在幫助那些

who have done the least to cause climate change

對於氣候變遷做得最少的國家，

to do so too.

也這樣做。

And with the spirit of justice and fairness

而正義和公平的精神

absolutely at the heart of that.

絕對是其核心。

So to conclude, my message today is

總而言之，我今天要傳達的訊息是，

that countries of all shapes and sizes must step up to this challenge.

所有國家都必須迎接這項挑戰。

We cannot allow our size to be something that we hide behind.

我們不能讓國家的大小 成為我們逃避的藉口。

When it comes to tackling climate change, size really, really does not matter.

在應對氣候變化方面， 大小真的、真的不重要。

We must think big in our ambition.

我們必須有遠大的抱負，

We must act big in what we do,

和在應該做的事情上大展身手，

and we must be big when it comes to the impact we make.

我們必須展現巨大的影響力。

Thank you very much.

謝謝大家。

(Applause)

（鼓掌聲）

Bruno Giussani: First Minister, thank you.

布魯諾·朱薩尼：謝謝首席部長。

I would like to ask a couple of questions

我想請教一些問題，

because you mentioned the wind farms up north,

因為你提到了北邊的風力發電場，

but there is a new field opening up in the north,

但那裡有塊新開發的地方，

it is an oil field, the Cambo oil field.

那是塊油田，北海油田。

It’s been licensed by the UK government,

它已經獲得了英國政府的許可，

and a few weeks ago you wrote to the prime minister

然後在幾周前你寫了封信

of the UK government,

給英國首相，

and you asked him to reassess that field and the licensing

請他重新評估批准 那個地方的許可進程是否合適，

in view of the climate emergency.

以應對氣候的緊急情況。

There's also a growing movement in Scotland against that project.

蘇格蘭也有越來越多反對該項目的運動。

What are people to make of opening up a new gigantic oil field

在締約方會議上， 人們在推動減碳政策的同時，

while at the same time pushing for decarbonizing policies at COP?

又開發了一個新的巨大油田， 你對此有何感想？

Nicola Sturgeon: I think people are right to ask big questions and be concerned.

尼古拉·斯特金：我認為人們關心 並提出重大問題是正確的。

Oil and gas is important to Scotland.

石油和瓦斯對蘇格蘭很重要。

It has been for four, almost five decades important to fulfilling our energy needs,

四十多年，快五十年來，

滿足我們的能源需求是非常重要的，

but it's important to our economy.

對於我們的經濟非常重要。

But if we're not prepared to ask ourselves the hard questions,

但如果我們不準備好問自己這些難題，

we're not really facing up to this challenge.

我們就無法真正面對這一項挑戰。

We can't switch fossil fuels off overnight,

我們不可能在一夜之間 不使用化石燃料，

but we must accelerate the transition away from them.

但我們必須加快遠離化石燃料的使用。

And therefore the question is: Is new exploration consistent with that?

因此問題是此次的新開發 與遠離化石燃料的宗旨是一致嗎？

And that's the question I posed to the prime minister

而我問了首相這個問題，

where the power over this lies.

因為這是他的權力所在。

Yes, we need to make sure that we make the transition sustainably and fairly.

是的，我們需要確保這項改變 可以維持經濟也必須公平。

But if we just rely on new exploration of the old ways of doing things,

但如果我們僅僅 在舊有的框架上做出改變，

I think the question is whether we do that at the pace we are required to do.

問題在於我們是否 按照要求的速度去做。

So a country like Scotland, we can't just answer the easy questions.

所以像蘇格蘭這樣的國家， 我們不能只回答簡單的問題。

We've got to face up to the hard questions as well.

我們也必須面對困難的問題。

But we must make sure the transition is just --

但我們必須確保這項轉變

just for people, for communities and for the planet as a whole.

只針對人類，針對社區 以及整個地球。

And that's what we are committed to seeking,

而這正是我們致力尋求

to show leadership on.

展現我們的領導力。

BG: What was your exact demand?

布：確切的要求是什麼？

Redraw the lines? Suspend it? Change it? Reanalyze it?

重新釐清界線？將它暫停或改變？ 或重新再分析？

NS: Well, the license was granted 20 years ago.

尼：它的許可證是 20 年前授予的。

There is a process now it has to go through

現在需要經過一段程序

to get approval for development.

才能獲得開發許可。

And my argument is

我的論點是，

just if a company was now applying for a new licence,

如果一家公司正在申請新的許可，

there would have to be a climate compatibility check.

就必須經過對應氣候變遷的檢查。

Now, arguably that's not robust enough,

現在這方面也許還不夠成熟，

but the same thing should happen

但是如果我們現有的許可，

if our existing license is turned into development consent.

變成了開發許可， 同樣的事情還是會發生。

And that's the process I think should happen.

這就是我預想會發生的事。

We've got to be careful

我們必須小心

that we don't leave communities and people behind in that transition.

在這一轉變過程中， 不會把社區和人們拋諸腦後。

We've got to be careful we don't switch domestic production

我們必須小心，不要將國內生產

to imports of oil and gas.

轉向進口石油和瓦斯。

That would be counterproductive.

這將適得其反。

So the way in which we make the transition matters.

因此我們所作的在過渡期將是關鍵。

But we can’t have a business as usual.

我們不能如往常的方法經營。

Because if we keep telling ourselves we can rely on fossil fuels forever,

因為如果我們一直告訴自己 可以永遠依賴化石燃料，

then we'll never meet that transition.

將永遠無法實現這項轉變。

And that's the key point I think we've got to address.

這是我認為我們必須解决的關鍵問題。

BG: Let's hope it goes in that direction.

布：讓我們期盼事情順利發展。

First Minister, thank you for coming to TED.

謝謝首席部長來到 TED演講。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（鼓掌聲）