A playful solution to the housing crisis | Sarah Murray

Translator: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Camille Martínez

翻译人员: Homer Li 校对人员: Yolanda Zhang

Hi.

大家好，

My name's Sarah,

我是萨拉。

and I've been priced out of the housing market.

我买不起市场上出售的房子。

In fact,

事实上，

I'm one of the majority of my generation

我只是我这一代大多数 买不起住房的

who can't afford a home.

许多人中的一个。

And in 2017, home ownership amongst young Australians

2017年，澳大利亚 年轻人中的房屋拥有率

has fallen to the lowest level in recorded history.

已经降至了有史以来的最低水平。

So, foolishly or otherwise,

也许因为一时糊涂， 或者正相反，

I decided to build my own home.

我决定自己盖房子。

But the prognosis wasn't good there, either.

但预算不容乐观。

Architects cater for the one percent,

一方面要满足建筑师（的要求），

builders are scarce,

（然而）建筑者却十分稀缺，

so service is inconsistent and prices are high.

导致了服务不连贯， 价格也十分高昂。

The single biggest investment in my life,

这是我人生中目前为止 最大的一笔投资，

and I was amazed how little self-determination,

我惊讶于自己拥有的自我决定，

choice

选择，

and, ultimately, control I had.

以及最终的控制权，是如此有限。

What's more, I was doubly surprised at how vulnerable this made me feel.

除此之外，我也惊讶于 它带给我的脆弱感。

Frankly, I felt trapped.

坦白的说，我觉得自己被困住了。

So, I reflected on this for quite some time.

因此，我花了很长时间反思，

And I realized

我意识到

what I wanted was democratized design and construction.

我想要的，是将设计与建筑民主化。

And that led to me asking one very simple question:

这就让我想到了 一个十分简单的问题：

What is building a house?

什么是盖房子？

What is it?

它（的定义）是什么？

Well, it turns out that building a house

事实证明，建造一栋房屋

is making a series of decisions, some with physical consequences,

其实是基于指定的参数集合， 做出一系列的选择，

within a defined set of parameters.

其中一些选择会带来 物理上的后果。

Now, having worked in software applications for some time now,

在软件应用领域工作了一段时间后，

this all sounded very familiar to me.

这种描述听起来 让我觉得十分熟悉。

I also couldn't understand why we build on-site.

我也不了解为什么非要实地施工，

No other major assembly in our lives is constructed like this.

我们生命中的其它主要装配皆非如此。

Your car doesn't come to you in pieces

你的汽车又不会以 一堆零件的形式呈现在你面前，

with an extra 10 percent just in case,

留出10%的额外部分备用，

to be assembled at the mercy of the elements.

在零件的摆布下进行装配。

So why should your house?

为什么你们的房子就该那样呢？

So I built a computer game.

于是，我创造了一款电脑游戏。

A game that allows you to design your home

你可以自主设计自己的家，

and have it delivered to you.

并把最终成品寄送过来。

A game that puts the home builder

一个将家园设计者

back at the center of the largest purchase in their life,

放到了他们一生中 最大采购活动的中心，

elevating them from spectator to player.

将他们的角色从观众提升到了玩家。

A game with full visibility of the costs and environmental impact

这个游戏展现了 可视化的开销和你所增加的

of each new attribute you add.

每个部分所产生的环境影响。

Using modular components, players select items from their library

玩家通过模块化的部件 从他们的仓库里选择（条目），

and drag them into their world.

并拉入他们的设计世界。

Each item, be it a wall, a solar battery or even an armchair,

例如一堵墙，一块太阳能电池， 甚至一个单人沙发，

contains all of the information for the system to calculate costs,

皆包含系统需要的 所有信息来计算开销，

environmental impact

环境影响，

and even a happiness tally for the player.

甚至为玩家设定的 一个幸福指数器。

Eighty-three percent of home builders said that next to cost,

83%的房屋建造者 声称除了合适的开销，

environmentally friendly features were the most important things to them.

坏境友好的特征对他们 而言也十分重要。

So out of the gate, homes are integrated with solar systems.

所以一开始，房屋就与 太阳能系统结合。

Born green.

绿色的开始。

Sustainable housing is often associated with wealth and affluence,

可持续的住房经常与 财富充足相联系，

but that shouldn't be the case.

但这不是必须的。

In fact, truly sustainable housing should be available to everyone

事实上，真正意义上的 可持续住房对所有人来说

and affordable for all.

都应该是可实现， 能支付得起的。

So, I had found a way to get the control back that I was craving

因此，我发现了一个能够获得 我一直渴望的控制感的途径，

and give it to others.

并授人以渔。

But something was still bugging me,

但仍然有东西困扰着我，

something was still keeping me up at night.

使我夜不能寐。

What about those people

那些对自己的房屋

who have genuinely no control over where they live?

完全没有控制权的人呢？

Every hour -- in the space of your intermission --

每小时——在你休息的时候——

4,000 new homes are needed in the world.

世界上对新房屋的 需求量会增加4000栋。

Wrap your head around that number.

想象一下那个数字。

That's an astonishing 35 million homes globally, every year.

每年的全球房屋需求量将会 增加惊人的3500万。

And in Australia alone,

单是澳大利亚，

we have a shortfall of 250,000 dwellings.

我们就有25万的住房缺口。

And in addition to that,

除此之外，

we have 190,000 families on the assisted-housing wait list;

将会有19万户家庭出现 在住房补贴名单上；

families in need of a home.

他们迫切需要一个家。

Between now and 2050,

从现在到2050年，

when the global population is set to move from today's 7.6 billion

当全球人口从今天的76亿

to tomorrow's 9.8 billion people,

变成明天的98亿，

hundreds of millions of people

数以亿计的人

will experience security, health and safety issues.

会面临安全，健康等问题。

Imagine if you can not feeling secure in your home --

试想，如果家不能 使你感到安全——

not from crime, not from theft,

不是因为犯罪或者偷盗，

but from the fact that the building you're in --

而是因为事实上， 你所在的房屋——

the building you're in --

你所住的房屋——

might not be structurally sound

也许不够结实，

or built from nontoxic components

或者使用了有害的建筑材料，

or meet local natural disaster standards.

亦或者没有满足本地预防 自然灾害的标准。

It's the 21st century.

现在是21世纪。

And this just isn't good enough.

但上述这一切还远不够完善。

What if -- what if --

如果——如果——

we could restore control and dignity to those individuals

我们能帮助那些（居无定所的） 人们恢复控制权和尊严，

by giving them a home, but not just any home:

为他们提供住房， 但不是随便一栋房屋：

their home,

他们自己的房子，

and a home of their design.

一个由他们设计的家。

We're currently adapting our game so that when a player builds a home,

我们最近正在改良 这款游戏，当一个玩家盖房子时，

they're contributing to a home for someone in need.

他们是在为需要房屋的 人们贡献自己的力量。

And I know this sounds like a lofty goal,

我知道这听起来像是 一个崇高的目标，

and it is ridiculously ambitious,

野心勃勃，

but today, our current operating model

但在当今，我们目前的运营模式

operates at a ten-to-one ratio.

已经能够满足10比1的需求比例。

So for every 10 homes we build,

也就是说，每设计出10栋房屋，

we can build a home for someone in need.

我们就可以为需要的人 建造一栋房屋。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

This is made possible because today,

使这一切成为可能的， 正是由于今天，

with design for manufacture and assembly,

通过制造和装配的设计，

which uses light gauge steel frame construction,

结合运输并实地装配的

shipped and assembled on-site,

轻量钢框架，

we can decrease construction costs by 20 percent

我们可以节约20%的建筑成本，

and environmental waste by 15 percent,

以及15%的环境垃圾，

saving time, money

省时省钱，

and keeping tons of waste out of landfills.

还能避免几吨的污染填埋。

The power in modular construction

模块建筑的力量在于

is that you can build year-round with confidence in your costs,

你可以整年的建造， 花销无忧，

in your quality,

质量无忧，

and in your delivery date, in your build date.

交付日期无忧，工时无忧。

Now, wouldn't that be crazy? Wouldn't that be great?

现在看来，那是不是很疯狂？ 是不是很棒？

But --

但是——

that doesn't get me to my goal.

那并不是我梦想的终点。

My goal is one-for-one.

我的目标（比率）是1比1。

So I've been traveling the world,

因此我环游世界，

looking at different alternatives of construction 3-D printing,

观摩不同的3-D建筑打印选择，

trying to find technology that will help me deliver on my ambition.

试着寻找能帮助我实现 宏伟目标的科技。

3-D printing is so exciting and so promising,

3D打印的效果十分惊艳，

offering a 40 percent reduction in cost and near zero waste.

降低了40%的建筑成本， 而且几乎无污染。

And this is just to name a few,

这只是冰山一角，

but some of the really exciting innovations happening all over the world

真正令人激动的创新 发明正在全世界发生着，

are happening in Italy, France, Dubai and Australia.

例如意大利，法国， 迪拜和澳大利亚。

And they use robotic arms to print everything from solid stone

他们运用机器臂打印固态结构，

to concrete, to wax.

水泥，涂蜡。

In Italy, they have developed a technique using sorel cement.

意大利利用苏鲁水泥 发明了一项技术。

Sorel cement was originally invented in 1867,

苏鲁水泥早在1867年 就被发明出来，

and it's the beautiful chemical marriage of magnesium oxide and local sand,

它是氧化镁和本地沙土 完美的化学结合，

which they can now use to print solid stone walls.

人们现在可以用它来 打印坚固的石墙。

And in France,

在法国，

they have a regulator-approved although still experimental process

他们有了一个得到监管机构批准的 程序，虽然仍处于试验阶段。

where they print two parallel tracks of foam insulation

他们成功打印出了 两条泡沫绝缘体，

and pour concrete in the middle to create solid stone.

并在中间浇上水泥以 制造坚固的石头。

And in Dubai, sitting at the foot of those two glorious Emirates Towers,

我坐在迪拜辉煌的双子塔酒店下，

is a vision of the future in the middle of the desert.

获得了在沙漠中心的远见卓识。

They've got their experimental office of the future,

他们打造了未来的实验室，

which is constructed using 3-D printed concrete

由3D打印聚合体建造而成，

which was printed in China

在中国打印，

and shipped and assembled on location in Dubai.

并运输至迪拜进行实地装配。

And not to be outdone,

澳大利亚也不甘落后，

in Australia, we've pioneered an amazing technology

我们开辟了一个惊人的技术，

that allows you to print wax molds

可以打印出蜡模，

and pour concrete over the top of them,

并将混凝土从上方浇下，

allowing you to create really intricately beautiful and cost-effective facades

就可以创造出物美价廉的外表，

that you can see in person

下次你们乘坐

the next time you travel the London Underground.

伦敦的地铁， 就能看到类似的地铁装饰。

But all of these things are tools --

但所有这些东西都是工具——

hammer of tomorrow, if you like.

你们也可以叫 明日之锤。

And the one common thread that connects all these things

将所有事物联系在一起的

is computer-aided design.

是计算机辅助设计。

We will need models to build using these techniques,

为实现这些技术，我们需要模型，

models like the ones being developed by players in our game.

我们游戏中的玩家所创造的模型。

I want to put every person that wants one

我想号召每个需要

in a home of their own design.

自己设计房屋的人。

And there are many more applications still.

还有更多的应用有待探索。

We could usher in an entirely new empowered experience

我们可以以全新被 赋予的经验开辟

of special needs or aged-care accommodation.

不同年龄的特殊需求。

And we could provide rapid, on-site assistance

我们可以为紧急住房需求 提供迅速的，

in emergency housing situations.

实地的辅助。

In the words of one of my players,

用一名玩家的话来说：

"I want to take matters into my own hands

“我想亲自播种，

and live by example."

亲自收获。“

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）