It’s Time To Rethink the Role of First Lady | Irina Karamanos Adrian | TED

翻译人员: kate shi 校对人员: suya f.

In 2021, Gabriel Boric became the elected President of Chile.

2021 年，加布里埃尔·博里奇 当选为智利总统。

He was one of the youngest worldwide

他是该国历史上世界上最年轻

and one of the most voted in the country's history.

并且得票最多的人之一。

He was supported by a political party

他得到了一个名为

called Convergencia Social.

融合社会政党 （Convergencia Social）的支持。

And by the time of the election,

当年大选时，

I was in charge of the feminist front of that party.

我掌管了该党的 女权主义阵线。

So even though I was very confident our candidate was going to win,

因此，尽管我非常有信心 我们的候选人会获胜，

the night itself of the election was still very overwhelming,

但选举当晚仍然让人不知所措，

especially so when we got to walk through the crowds, held by security.

尤其是当我们在 保安人员身旁穿过人群时。

You know, it suddenly all felt so real

你知道，因为我们正走向

because we were walking to a stage

那用来一起庆祝胜利的 成千上万的人聚集的舞台

in front of where thousands of people had gathered to celebrate the victory.

所突如其来的真实感。

Because Gabriel Boric was not just a candidate I was supporting,

因为加布里埃尔·博里奇 不仅是我支持的候选人，

he was also my partner.

他还是我的搭档。

So soon enough,

所以，

this meant for people that I was about to become a First Lady.

这对人们来说意味着我 即将成为第一夫人。

And now I come to you, this great audience,

现在我来到你们这些非常棒的观众面前

and want to ask you,

想问你，

have you ever thought of becoming a First Lady?

你是否曾想过成为第一夫人？

Is it something you thought of growing up or lately, I don't know?

这是你长大后想到的还是 最近想到的，我不知道？

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Well, I didn't think so.

嗯，我不这么认为。

Me neither.

我也是。

Until I was about to become one.

直到我即将成为一名第一夫人。

Because really, whatever your partner does, you know,

因为实际上，你知道的， 不管你的伴侣是做什么的

do you picture yourself getting up in the morning

你会想象自己每天早起

and accompanying him or her to his or her job?

去陪伴他或她去工作？

(Laughter)

（笑声）

You know?

对吧？

And now picture that job being to rule over a country.

现在，将那份工作想象 成统治一个国家。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But as much as it comes as a surprise to me,

尽管这让我感到惊讶，

imagine what a surprise it might be to the voters that don't elect you.

想象一下那些没有选你的选民 可能会感到多么惊讶。

They elected the president, right?

他们选了总统，对吧？

And the president chose me,

然后总统选择了我，

but surely not thinking of me becoming an authority one day.

但肯定不是想着有一天我会成为权威。

And so I first rejected the idea

因此，我首先拒绝了

of becoming a First Lady,

成为第一夫人的想法，

and all of, you know, what that meant.

和那这意味着的事物。

And so, many people criticized me,

所以，有很多人批评我，

but many feminists applauded me, right.

但很多女权主义者都为我鼓掌。

Because, as a feminist,

因为，作为一名女权主义者，

I can see that feminist beliefs

我可以看到女权主义信仰 与成为第一夫人

seem contradictory or incompatible with being a First Lady.

似乎矛盾或不相容。

On the one hand,

一方面，

OK, what does a feminist possibly want to do

在如此保守的空间

in such a conservative space?

女权主义者可能想做什么呢？

But on the other hand,

但另一方面，

ain't the pursuit of taking feminist action,

追求采取女权行动，

even more so in such an unlikely place,

甚至在这样一个 不太可能的地方采取行动，

something that is worth doing

难道不比在意自己 作为女权主义者的连贯形象

more than caring about your coherent image as a feminist?

更值得去做吗？

So I decided to meet up with former First Ladies

因此，我决定

of the last decades

去见一见过去几十年的前第一夫人们

and talk to them about their achievements, about their experiences.

与她们谈谈她们的成就和经历。

So I talked to them, and that was very important.

我们谈了谈，这非常重要。

It was crucial.

这很关键。

And I also made meetings with feminists from different generations

我还面谈了一些不同世代的女权主义者

to talk it all through.

并畅所欲言。

But the point and the moment that really struck me

但是真正让我印象深刻的关键和时刻

was my meetings with attorneys,

是我与律师们的会面，

because they told me the following.

因为他们告诉我以下几点。

They were like, "Well, this is great for you.

他们说：“好吧，这对你来说太棒了。

You will have so many opportunities

你将有很多机会

and the chance to do whatever you want with your interests."

并有机会根据自己的兴趣 做任何你想做的事。”

And I was like, this doesn't sound right.

我当时想，这听起来不对。

You know, he was like, "Yes, because you can create projects,

你知道，他说：“是的， 因为你可以创建项目，

you can create new foundations, because this is not regulated

你可以创建新的基金会， 因为这不受监管，

and there are many gray zones."

而且有许多灰色地带。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

I realized what this construction was all about.

我彻底意识到了这个 建设到底是怎么回事。

In Chile, First Lady's institutionalized version looks like this,

在智利，第一夫人的 制度化版本是这样的，

because they got progressively more and more functions, alright?

因为她们的功能越来越多，对吧？

So they are anchored in the state through diverse set of things.

所以，她们通过各种各样 的事情扎根于该州。

On the one hand,

一方面，

you've got foundations, a set of foundations,

你有基金会， 一套基金会，

for example, for childhood education.

例如，用于儿童教育。

Then you’ve got a foundation for recycling computers.

然后你有了一个用 来回收计算机的基金会。

Then you’ve got a foundation for empowering women.

然后你有了一个赋予女性权力的基金会。

Then you've got a museum with a focus on interactive approach.

然后你有了一个以互动方式 为重点的博物馆。

Then you’ve got education and music.

再然后你有了教育和音乐。

But they were all formed by former First Ladies.

但是它们都是由前第一夫人组成的。

And you get to preside [over] all of these foundations,

而且你可以主持所有这些基金会

regardless of your professional background.

不论你的专业背景。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And through them, you can do your projects or make more foundations, right?

通过他们，你可以做你的项目 或创立更多基金会，对吧？

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And then you've got protocol, OK?

然后你就有了协议，对吧？

Protocol is accompanying the president

在协议下陪同总统

to several events, ceremonies, engagements.

参加几项活动、仪式和约定。

And then you've got something very important.

然后你有了一些非常重要的东西。

Or at least I find it very important because it's so symbolic.

或者至少我觉得它很重要， 因为它太具有象征性了。

They give you an office right inside of the presidential palace.

他们会在总统府内 给你一个办公室。

But it's not just an office, it's the most beautiful one.

但它不仅仅是一间办公室， 它是最漂亮的办公室。

Like, people actually call it Versailles, OK?

比如，人们实际上称之为凡尔赛，好吗？

And you get to choose a team,

然后你可以选择一支团队，

which I would publicly like to thank.

在这里我要公开感谢。

And so I decided to make a plan.

所以我决定制定一个计划。

And my approach would be to tackle both issues,

我的思路是要解决两个问题，

the democratic illegitimacy of having the institution of marriage

一方面是婚姻制度

so embedded in state,

如此根深蒂固于国家所带来的民主非法性

and on the other hand, you know --

以及另一方面，你知道的——

(Laughter)

（笑声）

the gender-biased imaginary around this figure, OK?

是围绕这个人物的性别偏见想象。

But this meant making a turn again, towards action this time,

但这意味着再次转动， 转向行动，

because I thought, OK, on the one hand,

因为我想，好吧，一方面，

if I do nothing, if I don't take the job,

如果我什么都不做， 如果我不接受这份工作，

nothing will change.

一切都不会改变。

If I do take the job,

如果我接受了这份工作，

at least I have the chance to change something.

至少我有机会做出一些改变。

And we all know how traditions work.

而且我们都知道传统是如何运作的。

They repeat in time until something or someone interrupts it.

它们会及时重复，直到某件事 或某个人打断了它。

So this meant making a new press conference

因此，这意味着要召开 一次新的新闻发布会

where I would say that I was to take office

我将在发布会上说，我上任的目的

in order to transform the figure of First Ladies.

就是要改变第一夫人的形象。

Of course, I got criticism again,

当然，我又受到了批评，

and a lot of people actually didn't understand this.

实际上很多人并不明白这一点。

But something a bit painful was, of course,

但是，当然，有些令人痛苦的是，

that many feminists criticized me too.

许多女权主义者也批评了我。

So in that criticism, you know, is bad press

因此，当你来自女权党或进步党时，

when you come from a feminist party or a progressive party, for sure.

这种批评肯定是不好的。

But while it was super uncomfortable

但是，尽管非常不舒服，

and I knew I was going to be,

而且我知道自己会感到非常不舒服，

I was very convinced that I should use my power this way.

我坚信我应该以这种方式 使用自己的力量。

That's what I felt, at least.

至少我就是这么感受的。

So I started presiding [over] the existing foundations.

因此，我开始主持现有的那些基金会。

So I wanted to know if they were still, you know,

我想知道他们是否还在

following their social goals.

追求自己的社会目标。

And in order to have that diagnosed,

为了诊断出这个问题，

I talked to the unions, to the workers,

我与工会、工人进行了交谈，

I wanted to understand if they still felt valued,

我想了解他们 是否仍然感到被重视，

if they still felt that they were taken, you know,

他们是否仍然觉得

into account as professionals

自己是作为专业人员被考虑在内的，

or if, you know,

或者，你知道，

politics were making something else out of them.

政治是否在从他们身上得到些别的东西。

And I talked to them. I improved salaries.

我和他们谈了谈。我提高了工资。

I, you know, I made job listings public.

我公开了招聘信息。

We made processes more transparent.

我们使流程更加透明。

And we also tried to make standards higher in general.

而且，我们还试图提高总体标准。

So after all of this was done,

所以在这些都完成之后，

we were ready for the next step,

我们已经为下一步做好了准备

which was

那就是

the First Lady not presiding over these foundations anymore.

第一夫人将不再主持这些基金会。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So ...

所以...

Now you've got the ministries making the decision.

现在你有各部委来做决定了。

So, for instance,

因此，举例来说，

now that we do have a Ministry for Women and Equality,

我们有了妇女与平等部，

she decides who will be the president

她将决定由谁担任

of the foundation about empowerment for women, right?

妇女赋权基金会的主席。

The Minister of Education is the one who decides

教育部长负责决定

who will be the president of the foundation for childhood education.

谁将担任儿童教育基金会的主席。

Makes sense, right?

有道理，对吧？

All these changes took about nine months.

所有这些变化花了大约九个月的时间。

Now I'm just me.

现在我就是我。

I have no team, no office, and no official role.

我没有团队，没有办公室， 也没有官方职位。

I don't take any resources from state.

我不从州政府那里拿走任何资源。

And I still have a lot of public exposure,

而我的公众曝光率仍然很高，

and I would still attend meaningful events with my partner.

我仍然会和我的搭档 一起参加有意义的活动。

Which brings me to the next issue I wanted to tackle,

这使我想到了我想解决的下一个问题，

which is gender stereotypes, right?

那就是性别刻板印象。

Because it turns out we actually still look at masculine authorities

因为事实证明， 我们实际上仍然将男性权威

as people that need to be complemented by a feminine other.

视为需要女性互补的人。

But if you think about a woman

但是，如果你想想一位刚刚

that has just been elected, or a woman in power,

当选的女性， 或者一位掌权的女性，

we expect her to have both male and female qualities.

我们则希望她 兼具男性和女性特质。

So this not only tells you

因此，这不仅告诉你

that relationships in such high rank,

在如此高的级别上的人物关系，

like in a visible platform,

比如在可见的平台上

are expected to be heteronormative and traditional,

应该是异性恋的、传统的，

but it also tells you how embedded marriage is in state.

而且还告诉你婚姻在国家中的嵌入程度。

Turns out it was very normal to have the wife around.

原来有妻子在身边很正常。

So I thought

因此，我认为

this kind of condescending constellation around the president

这种围绕着总统的居高临下的星座，

is something that will not be well-received

不会受到

from the new generations of politicians.

新一代政治家的欢迎。

Because if you think about it,

因为如果你仔细想想，

women accompanying presidents are still seen as assets.

伴随总统左右的女性仍然被视为财富。

They are seen as someone who gives the president an image of more stability,

他们被视为赋予 总统更稳定、更完整和平衡

of completeness and of balance.

的形象的人。

But that is because of our accustomed view of duality.

但这是因为我们 对二元性的习惯看法。

And I think we were already past that.

而且我认为我们已经克服了这个问题。

I mean, church and state,

我的意思是，教会与国家，

state and love,

国家与爱情，

state and marriage.

国家与婚姻。

Doesn't it sound antiquated already when you say it out loud?

当你大声说出来时 不觉得那听起来已经过时了吗？

When it comes to women in politics,

说到参政的女性，

yes, of course we want as many as possible.

是的，我们当然 想要尽可能多的女性。

But the good news is, we can vote for them, right?

但好消息是， 我们可以为她们投票，对吧？

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Cheers and applause)

（欢呼和掌声）

Yeah.

是的。

I say we keep marriage out of the presidential must-haves

我说我们将婚姻排除 在总统必备条件之外，

and legitimize the person we vote for.

并使我们投票支持的人合法化。

My goal for taking on the institutional side of First Lady was to make change.

我担任第一夫人一职的目的 是为了实现变革。

To take away power from a position that is a result of affection

去剥夺一个由于民众感情 所存在的职位的权力，

and not of democratic process.

而不是民主程序的结果。

Some people may think

有些人可能会认为

that this is a personal rejection of a privilege.

这是个人对特权的拒绝。

Instead, it's a political rejection of power

然而相反，

from where it doesn't belong.

这是对不属于自己的权利的政治拒绝。

I am not to have --

我没有——

(Applause)

（掌声）

Thank you.

谢谢。

I am not to have power that people have not given me.

我不能拥有 人们没有赋予我的权力。

So I see state innovations as crucial to turn the game around

因此，我认为国家创新

when it comes to the devaluation of our democracies.

对于扭转民主贬值的局面至关重要。

Because when you think about it,

因为仔细想想，

making changes in governmental institutions,

对政府机构进行改革，

updating them, making them more legit again,

更新它们，让它们重新变得更加合法，

and taking away parts

并剔除那些

that don't represent contemporary needs anymore

不再代表当代需求的部分，

might make people feel more close, more reflected

可能会让人们感觉更亲近，

in the instrument of democracies.

更能体现民主性。

And that's what it's there for.

这就是它的用途。

So if making symbolic, cultural and institutional changes

因此，如果象征性的， 文化的和制度性的变革

increases our attachment to democratic values,

能增强我们对民主价值观的欣赏，

then I say it's worth a try.

那么我认为这值得一试。

Thank you very much.

非常感谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）