It’s Time To Rethink the Role of First Lady | Irina Karamanos Adrian | TED

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Shelley Tsang 曾雯海

In 2021, Gabriel Boric became the elected President of Chile.

2021 年，

加布列‧博里奇成為 智利的民選總統。

He was one of the youngest worldwide

他是全世界最年輕的民選總統之一，

and one of the most voted in the country's history.

也是智利史上得票最多的總統之一。

He was supported by a political party

支持他的政黨叫做社會融合黨。

called Convergencia Social.

And by the time of the election,

選舉時，

I was in charge of the feminist front of that party.

我負責該黨的女權陣線。

So even though I was very confident our candidate was going to win,

儘管我非常有信心 我們的候選人會贏得選戰，

the night itself of the election was still very overwhelming,

但選舉之夜本身仍然非常驚人，

especially so when we got to walk through the crowds, held by security.

尤其是當安全人員保護我們 穿過人群時更是如此。

You know, it suddenly all felt so real

這一切突然感覺如此真實，

because we were walking to a stage

因為我們正在走向

一個舞台，而舞台前是

in front of where thousands of people had gathered to celebrate the victory.

數以千計的群眾， 聚集起來慶祝勝利。

Because Gabriel Boric was not just a candidate I was supporting,

因為加布列‧博里奇 不僅是我支持的候選人，

he was also my partner.

他也是我的伴侶。

So soon enough,

所以，很快，

this meant for people that I was about to become a First Lady.

這對人民來說就意味著 我即將成為第一夫人。

And now I come to you, this great audience,

現在，我來到這裡面對 各位這麼棒的觀眾，

and want to ask you,

我想問大家，

have you ever thought of becoming a First Lady?

你們有沒有想過成為第一夫人？

Is it something you thought of growing up or lately, I don't know?

這是你們成長過程， 或最近，會想的事情嗎？

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Well, I didn't think so.

我想應該不是。

Me neither.

我也沒想過，直到 我即將成為第一夫人。

Until I was about to become one.

Because really, whatever your partner does, you know,

因為，說真的， 無論你的伴侶做什麼，

你能想像你自己早上起床，

do you picture yourself getting up in the morning

and accompanying him or her to his or her job?

然後陪著他／她去做他／她的工作？

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

You know?

你知道嗎？

And now picture that job being to rule over a country.

再來，想像這份工作 是統治一個國家。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

But as much as it comes as a surprise to me,

但，

儘管我對此感到很驚訝，想像一下

imagine what a surprise it might be to the voters that don't elect you.

沒有選你的選民又會有多驚訝。

They elected the president, right?

他們選的是總統，對吧？

And the president chose me,

而總統選擇了我，

but surely not thinking of me becoming an authority one day.

但肯定沒想到有一天 我會成為一個權威。

And so I first rejected the idea

所以，

我一開始很排拒

成為第一夫人的想法，

of becoming a First Lady,

and all of, you know, what that meant.

以及成為第一夫人代表的意義。

And so, many people criticized me,

因此，很多人批評我，

but many feminists applauded me, right.

但很多女權主義者都稱讚我。

Because, as a feminist,

因為，身為女權主義者，

I can see that feminist beliefs

我看得出來女權主義的信念

seem contradictory or incompatible with being a First Lady.

似乎與扮演第一夫人 有所矛盾或不相容。

On the one hand,

一方面，

OK, what does a feminist possibly want to do

女權主義者在這麼保守的空間中

in such a conservative space?

會想做什麼？

But on the other hand,

但另一方面，

ain't the pursuit of taking feminist action,

努力去採取女權主義行動，

even more so in such an unlikely place,

特別是在這麼不可能的地方，

something that is worth doing

是值得做的事，

more than caring about your coherent image as a feminist?

更勝於去在乎你的女權主義者 形象有沒有一致，對嗎？

So I decided to meet up with former First Ladies

所以我決定和過去數十年間 做過第一夫人的人見面，

of the last decades

and talk to them about their achievements, about their experiences.

和她們談她們的成就， 談她們的經驗。

So I talked to them, and that was very important.

於是我和她們談了， 那非常重要，至關重大。

It was crucial.

And I also made meetings with feminists from different generations

我還安排與不同世代的 女權主義者會面，

to talk it all through.

討論這一切。

But the point and the moment that really struck me

但是真正讓我

印象深刻的時刻是我與律師的會面，

was my meetings with attorneys,

because they told me the following.

因為他們這樣告訴我。

They were like, "Well, this is great for you.

他們說：「嗯，這對你很棒。

You will have so many opportunities

你會有很多機會，

and the chance to do whatever you want with your interests."

根據你的利益去做 任何你想做的事情。」

And I was like, this doesn't sound right.

我說，這聽起來不太對。

You know, he was like, "Yes, because you can create projects,

他說：「是的，因為 你可以創建專案計畫，

you can create new foundations, because this is not regulated

你可以創建新的基金會，

因為這部分沒有規範，

and there are many gray zones."

且有很多灰色地帶。」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I realized what this construction was all about.

我了解到這是什麼意思。

In Chile, First Lady's institutionalized version looks like this,

在智利，第一夫人的制度化 版本看起來像這樣，

because they got progressively more and more functions, alright?

因為她們的功能越來越多。

So they are anchored in the state through diverse set of things.

她們透過各種事物

和國家緊密連結。

On the one hand,

一方面，你有基金會， 一系列的基金會，

you've got foundations, a set of foundations,

for example, for childhood education.

比如，兒童教育的基金會。

Then you’ve got a foundation for recycling computers.

然後還有回收電腦的基金會。

Then you’ve got a foundation for empowering women.

然後還有賦權給婦女的基金會。

Then you've got a museum with a focus on interactive approach.

然後，還有強調 互動式方法的博物館。

Then you’ve got education and music.

然後還有教育和音樂。

But they were all formed by former First Ladies.

但這些都是由先前的 第一夫人成立的。

And you get to preside [over] all of these foundations,

而你可以主持所有這些基金會，

regardless of your professional background.

不論你的專業背景為何。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And through them, you can do your projects or make more foundations, right?

透過它們，你就可以進行你的 專案計畫或成立更多基金會。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And then you've got protocol, OK?

再來你還要有禮節。

Protocol is accompanying the president

禮節就是陪同總統

to several events, ceremonies, engagements.

出席多項活動、儀式，會議。

And then you've got something very important.

然後你還有一樣非常重要的東西。

Or at least I find it very important because it's so symbolic.

或者至少我覺得它非常重要， 因為它極具象徵性。

They give you an office right inside of the presidential palace.

他們會給你一間辦公室， 就位在總統府內。

But it's not just an office, it's the most beautiful one.

但不只是一間辦公室， 而是最漂亮的辦公室。

人民稱它為凡爾賽宮。

Like, people actually call it Versailles, OK?

And you get to choose a team,

你還可以選擇一個團隊，

which I would publicly like to thank.

我想公開感謝這個團隊。

And so I decided to make a plan.

所以我決定制定一個計畫。

And my approach would be to tackle both issues,

我的方法是要處理兩個問題：

the democratic illegitimacy of having the institution of marriage

將婚姻制度如此深植在 國家中，在民主上

so embedded in state,

是不合法的。

and on the other hand, you know --

而另一方面，你知道的——

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

the gender-biased imaginary around this figure, OK?

圍繞著這個人物的性別偏見想像。

But this meant making a turn again, towards action this time,

但這意味著要再次轉向，

這次是要轉向行動，

because I thought, OK, on the one hand,

因為我心想，好，一方面，

若我什麼不做，不接受這份工作， 那麼什麼都不會改變。

if I do nothing, if I don't take the job,

nothing will change.

If I do take the job,

若我接下這份工作，

at least I have the chance to change something.

至少我有機會改變些什麼。

And we all know how traditions work.

我們都知道傳統如何運作： 傳統會在時間中不斷重複，

They repeat in time until something or someone interrupts it.

直到某人或某事打斷它。

So this meant making a new press conference

因此，這就意味著舉辦一場 新的記者會，在會上我會說

where I would say that I was to take office

我會就職，

in order to transform the figure of First Ladies.

目的是為了轉變第一夫人的形象。

Of course, I got criticism again,

當然，我又被批評了，

and a lot of people actually didn't understand this.

很多人其實都不了解這點。

But something a bit painful was, of course,

但當然，有點讓我感到難受的是

that many feminists criticized me too.

許多女權主義者也在批評我。

So in that criticism, you know, is bad press

那種批評當然就是種負面報導，

when you come from a feminist party or a progressive party, for sure.

如果你來自女權黨 或進步黨時，這肯定很負面。

But while it was super uncomfortable

但是，

這雖然讓我超不舒服， 我也知道會這樣，

and I knew I was going to be,

I was very convinced that I should use my power this way.

但我深信我確實應該 這樣運用我的權力。

That's what I felt, at least.

至少我是這麼覺得。

So I started presiding [over] the existing foundations.

所以我開始主持現有的基金會。

So I wanted to know if they were still, you know,

我想知道它們是否仍然

following their social goals.

在朝它們的社會目標努力。

And in order to have that diagnosed,

為了診斷是否是如此，

I talked to the unions, to the workers,

我和工會及工人談過，

I wanted to understand if they still felt valued,

我想了解他們是否 仍然有感受到被重視，

if they still felt that they were taken, you know,

是否仍然覺得

自己有被當作專業人士看待，

into account as professionals

or if, you know,

或者，是否

politics were making something else out of them.

政治正在將他們轉變成其他樣子。

And I talked to them. I improved salaries.

我跟他們談，我改善工資，

I, you know, I made job listings public.

我把職位招聘資訊公開。

We made processes more transparent.

我們讓流程變得更透明。

And we also tried to make standards higher in general.

我們也試圖提高一般的標準。

So after all of this was done,

做了上述這些之後，

we were ready for the next step,

我們就準備做下一步了，

which was

下一步就是

the First Lady not presiding over these foundations anymore.

第一夫人不再主持這些基金會。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

So ...

所以……

Now you've got the ministries making the decision.

現在由政府部會來做決定。

So, for instance,

所以，舉例來說，

now that we do have a Ministry for Women and Equality,

現在我們確實有個婦女及平等部，

she decides who will be the president

它來決定

賦權給婦女的基金會 要由誰來擔任主席。

of the foundation about empowerment for women, right?

The Minister of Education is the one who decides

教育部長負責決定

兒童教育基金會的主席 要由誰來擔任。

who will be the president of the foundation for childhood education.

Makes sense, right?

很合理，對吧？

All these changes took about nine months.

所有這些改變花了 大約九個月的時間。

Now I'm just me.

現在，我就只是我。

I have no team, no office, and no official role.

我沒有團隊，沒有辦公室，

也沒有官方角色。

I don't take any resources from state.

我不取用國家的任何資源。

And I still have a lot of public exposure,

我仍然有很多公開曝光的機會，

and I would still attend meaningful events with my partner.

我也仍然會和我的伴侶 一起參加有意義的活動。

Which brings me to the next issue I wanted to tackle,

這就帶到了我想解決的下一個問題，

which is gender stereotypes, right?

也就是性別刻板印象。

因為事實證明，

Because it turns out we actually still look at masculine authorities

我們實際上仍然認為男性當權者

as people that need to be complemented by a feminine other.

需要由另一位女性來補足。

But if you think about a woman

但是，

如果去試想

一個剛剛當選的女性， 或者一個掌權的女性，

that has just been elected, or a woman in power,

we expect her to have both male and female qualities.

我們會期望她具有 男性和女性的特質。

So this not only tells you

因此，這不僅說明了

that relationships in such high rank,

如此高位者的關係，

like in a visible platform,

就像是在一個可見的平台上，

are expected to be heteronormative and traditional,

會被期望是異性戀且傳統的關係，

but it also tells you how embedded marriage is in state.

也說明了婚姻在國家中 是多麼根深蒂固。

Turns out it was very normal to have the wife around.

事實證明，有妻子 在身邊是非常正常的。

So I thought

於是我心想，

this kind of condescending constellation around the president

總統周圍這種居高臨下的形勢

is something that will not be well-received

不會得到新一代

from the new generations of politicians.

政治家的好評。

Because if you think about it,

因為，想想看，

women accompanying presidents are still seen as assets.

陪伴總統的女性仍然被視為資產。

They are seen as someone who gives the president an image of more stability,

她們被認為能讓總統的 形象變得更穩定、

of completeness and of balance.

更完整、更平衡。

But that is because of our accustomed view of duality.

但這是因為我們習慣了二元的觀點。

And I think we were already past that.

我想我們已經把這些拋諸腦後了。

I mean, church and state,

我指的是，教堂和國家、

state and love,

國家和愛情、

state and marriage.

國家和婚姻。

Doesn't it sound antiquated already when you say it out loud?

把這些大聲說出來時， 不覺得聽起來很過時嗎？

談到政治中的女性時，

When it comes to women in politics,

yes, of course we want as many as possible.

是的，我們當然希望女性越多越好。

But the good news is, we can vote for them, right?

但好消息是，我們可以投票選她們。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

(Cheers and applause)

（歡呼和掌聲）

Yeah.

是的。

我說我們把婚姻從總統的 必備品清單中剔除，

I say we keep marriage out of the presidential must-haves

and legitimize the person we vote for.

並將我們投票支持的人合法化。

My goal for taking on the institutional side of First Lady was to make change.

我擔任第一夫人，在制度方面的目標

是要做出改變。

要拿掉這個職務的權力，

To take away power from a position that is a result of affection

因為這個職務是感情產生出來的， 而非民主過程產生出來的。

and not of democratic process.

Some people may think

有些人可能會想，

that this is a personal rejection of a privilege.

這是個人層面上對特權的排拒。

Instead, it's a political rejection of power

相反，這是

政治層面上對權力的排拒， 它不該屬於那個位子。

from where it doesn't belong.

I am not to have --

我不會擁有——

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Thank you.

謝謝。

I am not to have power that people have not given me.

我不會擁有非並人民賦予我的權力。

So I see state innovations as crucial to turn the game around

因此，我認為國家創新很重要，

在我們的民主制度貶值時， 它對於改變局勢至關重要。

when it comes to the devaluation of our democracies.

因為，想想看，

Because when you think about it,

making changes in governmental institutions,

改變政府機構，

updating them, making them more legit again,

更新它們，讓它們再次更加合法，

and taking away parts

並把不再代表

that don't represent contemporary needs anymore

當代需求的部分除去，

might make people feel more close, more reflected

可能會使人民感到更親近，

更能在民主制度的工具中 反映出他們的價值。

in the instrument of democracies.

And that's what it's there for.

這才是它的目的。

So if making symbolic, cultural and institutional changes

因此，如果做出象徵性、 文化上，和制度上的改變

increases our attachment to democratic values,

能增強我們對民主價值依附感，

then I say it's worth a try.

那我會說，值得一試。

非常感謝。

Thank you very much.

(Applause)

（掌聲）