A librarian's case against overdue book fines | Dawn Wacek

61,445 views ใƒป 2018-12-06

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hanwool Chung ๊ฒ€ํ† : Gichung Lee
00:13
Hello, friends.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค!
00:15
I'm happy to see all of you here today.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ตˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
This is actually exactly what I say to the people who visit us
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์ €๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ €ํฌ ๋ผํฌ๋กœ์Šค ๊ณต๊ณต๋„์„œ๊ด€์— ์ฐพ์•„์˜ค์‹œ๋Š”
00:21
at the La Crosse Public Library.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
And I say it because I mean it.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ‘๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง„์‹ฌ์„ ๋‹ด์•„ ์ธ์‚ฌํ•˜์ฃ .
00:26
The children who come into our library are my friends
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์ €ํฌ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
in that I care about their needs and their futures.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
I want them to be happy and successful.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
I hope that they'll find great books or a movie that delights them.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ฑ…๊ณผ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
Or the solution to a tricky problem.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ํ’€์–ด์ค„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋„์š”.
00:43
Libraries in general have this wonderful reputation
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๋„์„œ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ‰ํŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
of really caring about our communities.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ผ์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
00:48
We put out mission statements and statements of purpose
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋„“์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€
00:51
that say that we connect our community to the broader world.
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ช…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
We engage minds,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก๊ณ 
00:58
we create lifelong learners.
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ํ‰์ƒํ•™์Šต์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
And these ideals are really important to us as libraries,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
because we know the power they have to create a better world.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๊ทธ ํž˜์„ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
01:08
A more connected world, a more engaged and empathetic world.
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๋” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์„ธ์ƒ, ๋” ๊ด€์—ฌ๋˜๊ณ  ๋” ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์ด์š”.
01:14
Books have power, information has power.
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์ฑ…์€ ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:16
And for the powerless in our communities,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํž˜์—†๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
01:19
being able to connect to that is even more important.
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์ฑ…์„ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ์—†์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
In 1995, Betty Hart and Todd Risley
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1995๋…„, ๋ฒ ํ‹ฐ ํ•˜ํŠธ์™€ ํ† ๋“œ ๋ฆฌ์Šฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
01:26
published a study that found that working class families
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๋…ธ๋™์ž ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์€
01:28
and those being served by welfare
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๋Š” "3์ฒœ ๋งŒ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด"๋ฅผ
01:30
experience what we now refer to as the "30 million word gap."
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๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
Essentially, what they learned is that children in these families
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€
01:39
are hearing so many fewer words each day
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:42
that by the time they are three years old,
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์„ธ ์‚ด์ด ๋  ๋•Œ ์ฏค์—๋Š”
01:44
there's this enormous disparity in their learned language.
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์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:48
And that gap in words follows them as they enter school,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต ์ž…ํ•™ ์ดํ›„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
and it results in later reading, poorer reading skills,
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์ด๋Š” ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๋…ํ•ด ์†๋„์™€ ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†๋Š” ๋…ํ•ด๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๊ณ 
01:55
a lack of success overall.
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์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ๋˜์ฃ .
01:58
Children need to hear words every day
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋งค์ผ ๊ท€๋กœ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ์ ‘ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๊ณ 
02:00
and they need to hear not just our day-to-day conversation,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ์˜ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:03
they have to hear rare words:
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
those outside the common lexicon we share, of around 10,000.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” 1๋งŒ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ •๋„ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ด์š”.
02:09
I'm going to read you a short snippet from a children's book
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๋™ํ™”์ฑ…์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ž ๊น ์ฝ์–ด๋“œ๋ ค๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
02:13
by one of our favorite authors in the children's room, Eric Carle.
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์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋™ํ™”์ž‘๊ฐ€์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ธ ์—๋ฆญ ์นผ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
Some of you might know his work "The Very Hungry Caterpillar."
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์€ "๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”ˆ ์• ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ"๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
02:19
But this is from "'Slowly, Slowly, Slowly,' said the Sloth."
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ, ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ'"์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ทŒ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
"Finally, the sloth replied,
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"๋“œ๋””์–ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š˜๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:27
'It is true that I am slow, quiet and boring.
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'๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์•ผ, ์กฐ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜์ง€.
02:31
I am lackadaisical,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋งŒํ•˜๊ณ 
02:32
I dawdle and I dillydally.
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๊พธ๋ฌผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ง€.
02:35
I am also unflappable, languid, stoic,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋˜ ํ”๋“ค๋ฆผ ์—†๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋ฅธํ•˜๊ณ , ์š•์‹ฌ์—†๊ณ 
02:38
impassive, sluggish, lethargic,
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๋ฌดํ‘œ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋Š๋ฆฟ๋Š๋ฆฟ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ , ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ 
02:41
placid, calm, mellow,
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์ฐจ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์นจ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ์œฝํ•˜๊ณ 
02:44
laid-back and, well, slothful!
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ํƒœํ‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ , ๋˜ ๋‚˜ํƒœํ•˜์ง€!
02:47
I am relaxed and tranquil, and I like to live in peace.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Š๊ธ‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰์˜จํ•ด. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚œ ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์•„.
02:52
But I am not lazy.'
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚œ ๊ฒŒ์œผ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์•„.'
02:54
Then the sloth yawned and said,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š˜๋ณด๋Š” ํ•˜ํ’ˆํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:56
'That's just how I am.
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'๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์•ผ.
02:58
I like to do things slowly, slowly, slowly.'"
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ, ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ, ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€.'"
03:04
So you can see from this very brief example from one book in our library
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์ €ํฌ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ์ฑ…์˜ ์งง์€ ๋ฐœ์ทŒ์—์„œ ์—๋ฆญ ์นผ์ด
03:09
how Eric Carle used 20 different words to get the same idea across to children.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋œป์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด 20๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
Now we know that a lot of the families visiting us at the library,
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์ด์ œ ์ €ํฌ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค, ๋งŽ์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด
03:19
a lot of our friends, are struggling financially.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํž˜๋“ค์–ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
We know that some of them are living in poverty,
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์— ํ—ˆ๋•์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
and don't have enough to eat or anywhere safe to live.
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๋จน์„๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋จธ๋ฌผ ๊ณณ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
We know that our friend James, who comes in after school
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๋ฐฉ๊ณผํ›„์— ์ฐพ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์ œ์ž„์Šค๋Š”
03:31
and is staying at a local shelter,
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์ง€์—ญ๋ณดํ˜ธ์†Œ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:33
isn't reading at grade level
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๋…ํ•ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋ชป๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ 
03:34
and has probably never read at grade level.
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ณ„์† ๊ทธ๋ž˜์™”์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”.
03:37
We know we have that 30 million word gap
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 3์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:39
and a corresponding achievement gap by the time kids enter the third grade,
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3ํ•™๋…„์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ์—๋„ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
both of which directly correlate to income level.
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๋‘ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ˆ˜์ž…์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
So what's the responsibility of libraries in addressing these gaps?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์„œ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
03:51
How can we help our friends be more successful, more educated
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋” ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ๋” ์ž˜ ๊ต์œก๋ฐ›๊ณ 
03:55
and some day, better global citizens?
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์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:58
It starts with ensuring free and equitable access
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์ด๋Š” ๋„์„œ๊ด€์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ณ  ๊ณตํ‰ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„
04:02
to everything libraries offer them.
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๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
Books level the playing field
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์ฑ…์€ ํ™œ๋™์˜์—ญ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
by exposing children of every socioeconomic background to words.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋…ธ์ถœ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
04:11
At the library, we provide programs
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๋„์„œ๊ด€์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฌธํ•ด๋ ฅ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”
04:13
that are based on the five tenants of early literacy:
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๋‹ค์„ฏ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
playing, singing, talking, reading and writing.
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๋†€๊ธฐ, ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ, ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ, ์ฝ๊ธฐ, ์“ฐ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
We offer programs for adults
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋„ ์šด์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
on computer classes and job-skills training.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์—…๊ณผ ์ง์—…๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด์ฃ .
04:24
Business start-ups.
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์ฐฝ์—…๊ด€๋ จ ์ˆ˜์—…๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
We do all of this great work for our community members
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์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
and at the same time, we counteract it by charging fines and fees of our patrons.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ํ›„์›์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ด์šฉ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
Today in La Crosse,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ผํฌ๋กœ์Šค ๋„์„œ๊ด€์—๋Š”
04:37
10,000 of our users are unable to check out library materials
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1๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์ด์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์ด์šฉ๋ฃŒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:41
because of fines and fees.
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๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
If we narrow in on our neighborhoods experiencing the most poverty,
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์ „์ฒด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ 82%๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด์žˆ๋Š”
04:47
those where 82 percent of the student body is considered economically disadvantaged,
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๋นˆ๊ณค์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ขํžˆ๋ฉด
04:52
the number rises to 23 percent of the neighborhood.
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๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” 23%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
And these are local numbers, it's true, but they hold true nationwide.
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์ด๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ง€์—ญ์ ์ธ ์ˆซ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „๊ตญ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
In libraries across the country that charge fines,
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๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๊ตญ์˜ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์—์„œ๋Š”
05:03
the poorest neighborhoods have the most number of people blocked from use.
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๊ทน๋นˆ์ธต์˜ ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์ด์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
In fact, the Colorado State Library was so worried about this,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ฝœ๋กœ๋ผ๋„ ์ฃผ๋ฆฝ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ คํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€
05:12
they published a white paper
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๋ฐฑ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:14
and they stated unequivocally
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋ช…์„ ๋‚ด๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
that it's the fear of fines that keeps poor families out of libraries.
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๋นˆ๊ณคํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์ด ๋„์„œ๊ด€์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
05:21
A colleague of mine took a ride in a Lyft in Atlanta last year,
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์ œ ์ง์žฅ๋™๋ฃŒ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž‘๋…„์— ์• ํ‹€๋žœํƒ€์—์„œ ์นดํ’€์„ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
and he started chatting with his driver about libraries, as we do.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šด์ „์‚ฌ์™€ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:28
And she told him she grew up visiting her local library, she loved it.
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์šด์ „์ž๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์„ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ ์ž๋ž๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
But now that she's a parent with three children of her own,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์„ธ ์•„์ด์˜ ์—„๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:36
there's no way she would allow them to get a library card,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•ด์ค„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
because of the strict deadlines libraries impose.
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๋„์„œ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ์ง€์ •ํ•œ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋‚ฉ๊ธฐ์ผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
She said, "It would be like another credit card that I can't pay."
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋งˆ์น˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐš์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”."
05:46
Meanwhile, when other libraries have experimented with eliminating fines,
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ํ•œํŽธ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์„œ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ์ฒด๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
like one in San Rafael that took away children's fines,
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์—ฐ์ฒด๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์‚ฐ ๋ผํŒŒ์—˜์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๋„์„œ๊ด€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
05:55
they had a 126-percent increase in child card applications
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์นด๋“œ ์‹ ์ฒญ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 126% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
within the first few months.
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์ฒซ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ์•ˆ์—์š”.
06:01
When people aren't afraid of the fines they might accrue,
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๋ˆ„์ ๋  ์—ฐ์ฒด๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ์—†์„ ๋•Œ์—์•ผ
06:04
they line up to access what we have to offer.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
So what are we telling people, then?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:10
We have these two disparate ideas.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
On the one hand, we're champions of democracy
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
and we claim that we're there so that every citizen can educate themselves.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์กด์žฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ž„์„ ํ‘œ๋ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
We're advocates for the power early literacy has
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์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์™€ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
06:24
to reduce that achievement gap and eliminate the word gap.
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฌธํ•ด๋ ฅ์˜ ํž˜์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
We tell people, "We're here to help you."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋„์šฐ๋ ค ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
On the other hand,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—
06:33
if you're struggling financially, and you make a mistake,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์žฌ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:36
the kind of mistake that anyone in this room could make --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์ €์ง€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์งˆ๋ €๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:39
your tote bag that belongs to the library sits by your back door
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๋„์„œ๊ด€ ๋ฐ˜๋‚ฉ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‹ด๊ธด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ† ํŠธ๋ฐฑ์„ ์›๋ž˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ช‡์ฃผ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜
06:43
for a couple of weeks longer than it should,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง‘ ๋’ท๋ฌธ์— ๋†“์•„๋‘๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:46
you lose a CD,
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CD๋ฅผ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:48
you spill your coffee on a book,
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์ฑ…์— ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์Ÿ๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
suddenly, we're not here for you so much anymore,
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"๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋”์ด์ƒ ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๋•์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์–ด.
06:53
because if that happens, we're going to make you pay for it.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋„ˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋Œ“๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ค„์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€.
06:57
And if you can't pay for it, you're out of luck.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋„ˆ์˜ ์šด์€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ธ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:01
I have been a librarian for a lot of years.
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์ €๋Š” ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์‚ฌ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
And in the past few years,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
07:06
I myself have paid over 500 dollars in late fines.
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์ œ ์ž์‹ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ์—ฐ์ฒด๋ฃŒ๋กœ 500๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
Now, you might wonder why,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์˜์•„ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
I mean, I'm there every day, and I certainly know how the system works.
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์ œ ๋ง์€ ์ €๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
But like all of our friends at the library,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
07:20
I am busy, I lose track of things,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ”์˜๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์ €๊ฒƒ ์ž˜ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
my house is sometimes messy,
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์ง‘์€ ๋•Œ๋กœ ์–ด์งˆ๋Ÿฌ์ ธ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:25
and I have lost a DVD or two under the sofa.
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์†ŒํŒŒ ๋ฐ‘์—์„œ DVD๋„ ํ•œ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์žƒ์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์ฃ .
07:31
And I have been fortunate enough to be able to pay
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ 500๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์˜
07:35
that 500 dollars over the last several years.
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์—ฐ์ฒด๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ์—ฌ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
If not happily, I at least had the means to do it.
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์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ ์–ด๋„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
So is that fair and equitable service
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:44
if some of us can pay our fines and continue to operate as we always have,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์— ๋ฐœ ๋””๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:50
and others of us make one mistake and no longer are welcome back?
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๊ณตํ‰ํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:56
It's simply not.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
Now, why would we continue to operate under a model that hurts
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ํ›„์›์ž๋“ค์„
08:04
our most vulnerable patrons the most?
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๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ณ„์† ์šด์˜ํ•ด๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:07
There are reasons.
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์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
There are reasons like responsibility.
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์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์œ ์ฃ .
08:11
There are some libraries that really feel
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
08:13
that it's our job to teach people responsibility.
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์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ช…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์„œ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
And they haven't figured out that there might be ways to do that
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ธˆ์ „ ์ด์™ธ์˜
08:19
that don't equate to dollars.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
There's also this idea that we share the resources collectively in a community,
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๋˜ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ž์›์„ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
and so we have to take turns.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:27
If I keep my "My Little Pony" movie for too long,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ™” "๋‚ด ์ž‘์€ ์กฐ๋ž‘๋ง"์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
08:30
and somebody else wants to watch it, it's not fair.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชป ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ณตํ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
08:34
And then, there's the money.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
Community members often love their libraries,
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์ง€์—ญ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์ง€์—ญ๋„์„œ๊ด€์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
and they don't want us to not be able to sustain the services we offer.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธธ ์›์น˜ ์•Š์ฃ .
08:44
Luckily, we can address all of these things in a variety of ways
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์šด์ด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ณ„์ธต์„ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„
08:48
without scaring away our most vulnerable populations.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
Some libraries have gone to a Netflix model.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋„์„œ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ๋„ทํ”Œ๋ฆญ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
You might be familiar with this:
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์•„๋งˆ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
08:57
you check things out,
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์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
08:58
when you're done with them, you return them.
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๋‹ค ๋ณธ ์ดํ›„์— ๋ฐ˜๋‚ฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
If you don't return them, you can't check more things out,
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์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋‚ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋Œ€์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
but once you do, it's all forgiven, it's fine.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜๋‚ฉ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฉ์„œ๋˜์ฃ .
09:08
You can check out again.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ ค๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
Others continue to charge fines,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์„œ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ๊ณ„์† ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
09:12
but they want to offer alternatives to their library patrons,
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๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋‚ด๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
and so they do things like food for fines, where you bring in canned goods,
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๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ๋Œ€์‹  ์Œ์‹์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ํ†ต์กฐ๋ฆผ์‹ํ’ˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑธ๋กœ์š”.
09:19
or read away your fines, where you can read off your fines.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ์ฝ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฑ…์„ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด์–ด ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฉด์ œํ•ด์ฃผ์ฃ .
09:22
There's even another library in Wisconsin
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์œ„์Šค์ฝ˜์‹ ์ฃผ์—๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋„์„œ๊ด€๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
that offers scratch-off tickets at their counter,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์นด์šดํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋ณต๊ถŒ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ฃ .
09:26
so you can scratch off and get 10 or 20 percent off your fines that day.
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๋ณต๊ถŒ์„ ๊ธ๊ณ  10%๋‚˜ 20%์˜ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ๊ฐ๋ฉด๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
And there are amnesty days.
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๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฉด์˜ ๋‚ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
One day a year, you bring back your late materials
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์ผ ๋…„์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฉด์˜ ๋‚ ์— ์—ฐ์ฒด์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋ฉด
09:35
and all is forgiven.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฉ์„œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
There was a library in San Francisco that did an amnesty day last year,
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์ž‘๋…„์— ์‚ฌ๋ฉด์˜ ๋‚ ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์˜ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:42
and they welcomed back 5,000 users who had been blocked.
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์ด์šฉ์ด ๊ธˆ์ง€๋๋˜ 5000๋ช…์˜ ํšŒ์›๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ฉด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
That same day, they received more than 700,000 items that were overdue.
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๊ทธ ๋‚  ๋„์„œ๊ด€์€ ์—ฐ์ฒด๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ 70๋งŒ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ ค๋ฐ›์•˜์ฃ .
09:52
Among them was one book that was 100 years overdue.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” 100๋…„์ด ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ์ฒด๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์ฑ…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
So I know that sounds ridiculous, but I know from experience
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ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
that people will stay away from the library
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์—ฐ์ฒด๋œ ์ฑ…๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
10:02
rather than face the authority of the librarian
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๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์‚ฌ์„œ์˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
10:04
when they have late items.
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๋„์„œ๊ด€์— ์ ‘๊ทผ ์กฐ์ฐจ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„์š”.
10:06
As Michael might have mentioned, I've been a librarian for 15 years
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๋งˆ์ดํด์ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” 15๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์„œ๋กœ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
and my mom hasn't been in a library in decades,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์— ๊ฐ€์‹ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:12
because when she was young, she lost a book.
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์•„์ฃผ ์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ ์ฑ…์„ ํ•œ ๊ถŒ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
So, these are great baby steps.
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์ด๊ฑด ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์ฒซ ๊ฑธ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
But they don't go far enough,
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์•„์ง์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
because they make people jump through hoops.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
10:28
They have to come on the right days, at the right times.
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์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ๋‚ ์งœ์˜ ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
They might have to have extra food to share.
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๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Œ์‹์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:33
They want to read away their fines, they need to be literate.
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๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ์ฝ์–ด ์—†์• ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„  ๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์“ธ์ค„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
If we want people to use the library again,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ 
10:41
we should just get rid of fines altogether.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
Now, you might think I've forgotten a money piece,
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์ „์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
10:48
where we need to finance libraries, right?
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๋„์„œ๊ด€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋Š” ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
10:51
But there's a couple of things to consider
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์ด ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ
10:53
when we think about how fines function in library budgets.
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๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
The first is that fines have never been a stable source of revenue.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ๊ณ ์ •์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ž…์›์ด ๋œ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
They've always fluctuated,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์š”๋™์ณ์™”์ฃ .
11:06
and in fact, they've continued to go down over the last few decades.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ ์  ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
When the recession hit, especially, people's ability to pay was hit, as well.
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๋ถˆ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํƒ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€๋ถˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ํƒ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ž…์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
So for a lot of those 10,000 friends that we've got at the library
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” 1๋งŒ์—ฌ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€
11:19
that aren't able to use it,
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๋„์„œ๊ด€์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:20
they might never be able to pay us.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ง€๋ถˆ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋˜ ์ ์ด ์—†์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
11:22
When we talk about eliminating their fines,
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๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ์—†์•ค๋‹ค๊ณ 
11:24
we're not losing money so much as the idea of money.
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๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์†์‹ค์ด ํฌ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
And thirdly, you might be surprised to know
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ
11:33
fines on average, nationally, are about one and a half percent
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์ „๊ตญ ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์šด์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ 1.5%์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š”
11:37
of a library's operating budget.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋†€๋ผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
Now that can still be a lot of money.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
If you're looking at a large library or a large library system,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์ด๋‚˜ ํฐ ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
11:44
the dollar amount can be high.
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๊ธˆ์•ก์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์•ก์ˆ˜์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
But it's an achievable cut for most libraries to absorb.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์ด ์‚ญ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
And finally, and maybe most importantly, fines cost us money to collect.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ๊ฑท๋Š” ๋ฐ๋„ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
When you start to factor in all of the ways that we collect fines,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ๊ฑท๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด
11:59
supplies like mailers that we send out to remind people of their fines,
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์—ฐ์ฒด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํŽธ์ง€๋ด‰ํˆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„ํ’ˆ๋“ค
12:05
services, like collections management services,
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๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋“ค
12:09
even telephone and email notifications can cost libraries money.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ „ํ™”๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ์•Œ๋ฆผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
And staff time is a huge cost for libraries.
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์ง์›๋“ค์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋˜ํ•œ ํฐ ๋น„์šฉ์ด์ฃ .
12:17
So that our frontline staff is standing there,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด
12:20
talking to people about their fines, sometimes arguing with people about fines.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ•ญ์˜์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ด€๋ จ ์ง์›๋“ค์ด ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
When we eliminate all of those pieces,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น„์šฉ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—†์•ค๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:27
if we got rid of fines, we might actually save money in our libraries.
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๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์—์„  ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ ˆ์•ฝ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
Or at the very least,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ
12:33
we would be able to reallocate our staff time
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์ง์›๋“ค์˜ ์—…๋ฌด์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์žฌ๋ถ„๋ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:35
to pursuits that better fit those missions we talked about.
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์•ž์—์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ž„๋ฌด๋“ค์„ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
12:40
The other thing I want everybody to come away understanding
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์ €๋Š” ๋˜ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
12:43
is that fines don't actually work to do what we think they do.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
The debate about fines --
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๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š”
12:47
whether we should fine, how much we should fine, it isn't new.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋“  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋“ , ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋“  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
We've been talking about it for almost 100 years.
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์ด๋ฏธ 100๋…„ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
As long as that book was overdue.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฑ…์ด ์—ฐ์ฒด๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋งŒํผ์ด์ฃ .
12:58
Study after study has shown that the reason libraries fine
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญํ•ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„์„œ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•ด์˜จ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
13:02
is because of strongly held beliefs
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์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๋•Œ ๋ฐ˜๋‚ฉ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜
13:04
about the effectiveness of getting materials back on time
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์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ 
13:07
backed by no evidence.
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๊ทธ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋„ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
Basically, we fine because we've always fined.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ง€๊ป ๊ทธ๋ž˜์™”๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
So, the best option for your libraries is to put their mission first.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ง€๋Š” ๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ช…์„ ์šฐ์„ ์‹œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
And they will do that if their community members ask it of them.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ด ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋“ค์–ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
When you leave here, I hope you'll visit your public library
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์ด ๊ณณ์„ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ณต๊ณต๋„์„œ๊ด€์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:27
and talk to your librarians,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์„œ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:29
talk to your neighbors and community members
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์ด์›ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”
13:31
who serve on library boards.
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์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:32
Tell them that you know how important literacy is
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธํ•ด๋ ฅ์ด
13:36
to everyone in your community.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:39
That if our libraries are truly for everyone,
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๋„์„œ๊ด€์ด ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
13:43
that they have to get rid of fines and embrace their entire community.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ์—†์• ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
13:47
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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