A librarian's case against overdue book fines | Dawn Wacek

60,597 views ・ 2018-12-06

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:13
Hello, friends.
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I'm happy to see all of you here today.
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This is actually exactly what I say to the people who visit us
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at the La Crosse Public Library.
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And I say it because I mean it.
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The children who come into our library are my friends
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in that I care about their needs and their futures.
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I want them to be happy and successful.
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I hope that they'll find great books or a movie that delights them.
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Or the solution to a tricky problem.
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Libraries in general have this wonderful reputation
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of really caring about our communities.
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We put out mission statements and statements of purpose
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that say that we connect our community to the broader world.
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We engage minds,
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we create lifelong learners.
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01:01
And these ideals are really important to us as libraries,
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because we know the power they have to create a better world.
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A more connected world, a more engaged and empathetic world.
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Books have power, information has power.
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And for the powerless in our communities,
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being able to connect to that is even more important.
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01:23
In 1995, Betty Hart and Todd Risley
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published a study that found that working class families
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and those being served by welfare
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experience what we now refer to as the "30 million word gap."
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Essentially, what they learned is that children in these families
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are hearing so many fewer words each day
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that by the time they are three years old,
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there's this enormous disparity in their learned language.
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And that gap in words follows them as they enter school,
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and it results in later reading, poorer reading skills,
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a lack of success overall.
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Children need to hear words every day
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and they need to hear not just our day-to-day conversation,
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they have to hear rare words:
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those outside the common lexicon we share, of around 10,000.
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I'm going to read you a short snippet from a children's book
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by one of our favorite authors in the children's room, Eric Carle.
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Some of you might know his work "The Very Hungry Caterpillar."
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But this is from "'Slowly, Slowly, Slowly,' said the Sloth."
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"Finally, the sloth replied,
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'It is true that I am slow, quiet and boring.
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I am lackadaisical,
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I dawdle and I dillydally.
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I am also unflappable, languid, stoic,
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impassive, sluggish, lethargic,
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placid, calm, mellow,
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laid-back and, well, slothful!
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I am relaxed and tranquil, and I like to live in peace.
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But I am not lazy.'
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Then the sloth yawned and said,
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'That's just how I am.
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I like to do things slowly, slowly, slowly.'"
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So you can see from this very brief example from one book in our library
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how Eric Carle used 20 different words to get the same idea across to children.
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Now we know that a lot of the families visiting us at the library,
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a lot of our friends, are struggling financially.
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We know that some of them are living in poverty,
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and don't have enough to eat or anywhere safe to live.
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We know that our friend James, who comes in after school
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and is staying at a local shelter,
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isn't reading at grade level
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and has probably never read at grade level.
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We know we have that 30 million word gap
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and a corresponding achievement gap by the time kids enter the third grade,
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both of which directly correlate to income level.
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So what's the responsibility of libraries in addressing these gaps?
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How can we help our friends be more successful, more educated
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and some day, better global citizens?
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It starts with ensuring free and equitable access
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to everything libraries offer them.
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Books level the playing field
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by exposing children of every socioeconomic background to words.
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At the library, we provide programs
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that are based on the five tenants of early literacy:
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playing, singing, talking, reading and writing.
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We offer programs for adults
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on computer classes and job-skills training.
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Business start-ups.
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We do all of this great work for our community members
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and at the same time, we counteract it by charging fines and fees of our patrons.
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Today in La Crosse,
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10,000 of our users are unable to check out library materials
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because of fines and fees.
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If we narrow in on our neighborhoods experiencing the most poverty,
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those where 82 percent of the student body is considered economically disadvantaged,
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the number rises to 23 percent of the neighborhood.
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And these are local numbers, it's true, but they hold true nationwide.
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In libraries across the country that charge fines,
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the poorest neighborhoods have the most number of people blocked from use.
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In fact, the Colorado State Library was so worried about this,
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they published a white paper
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and they stated unequivocally
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that it's the fear of fines that keeps poor families out of libraries.
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A colleague of mine took a ride in a Lyft in Atlanta last year,
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and he started chatting with his driver about libraries, as we do.
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And she told him she grew up visiting her local library, she loved it.
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But now that she's a parent with three children of her own,
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there's no way she would allow them to get a library card,
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because of the strict deadlines libraries impose.
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She said, "It would be like another credit card that I can't pay."
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Meanwhile, when other libraries have experimented with eliminating fines,
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like one in San Rafael that took away children's fines,
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they had a 126-percent increase in child card applications
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within the first few months.
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When people aren't afraid of the fines they might accrue,
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they line up to access what we have to offer.
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So what are we telling people, then?
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We have these two disparate ideas.
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On the one hand, we're champions of democracy
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and we claim that we're there so that every citizen can educate themselves.
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We're advocates for the power early literacy has
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to reduce that achievement gap and eliminate the word gap.
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We tell people, "We're here to help you."
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On the other hand,
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if you're struggling financially, and you make a mistake,
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the kind of mistake that anyone in this room could make --
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your tote bag that belongs to the library sits by your back door
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for a couple of weeks longer than it should,
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you lose a CD,
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you spill your coffee on a book,
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suddenly, we're not here for you so much anymore,
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because if that happens, we're going to make you pay for it.
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And if you can't pay for it, you're out of luck.
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I have been a librarian for a lot of years.
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And in the past few years,
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I myself have paid over 500 dollars in late fines.
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Now, you might wonder why,
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I mean, I'm there every day, and I certainly know how the system works.
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But like all of our friends at the library,
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I am busy, I lose track of things,
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my house is sometimes messy,
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and I have lost a DVD or two under the sofa.
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And I have been fortunate enough to be able to pay
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that 500 dollars over the last several years.
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If not happily, I at least had the means to do it.
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So is that fair and equitable service
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if some of us can pay our fines and continue to operate as we always have,
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and others of us make one mistake and no longer are welcome back?
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It's simply not.
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Now, why would we continue to operate under a model that hurts
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our most vulnerable patrons the most?
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There are reasons.
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There are reasons like responsibility.
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There are some libraries that really feel
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that it's our job to teach people responsibility.
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And they haven't figured out that there might be ways to do that
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that don't equate to dollars.
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There's also this idea that we share the resources collectively in a community,
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and so we have to take turns.
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If I keep my "My Little Pony" movie for too long,
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and somebody else wants to watch it, it's not fair.
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And then, there's the money.
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Community members often love their libraries,
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and they don't want us to not be able to sustain the services we offer.
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Luckily, we can address all of these things in a variety of ways
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without scaring away our most vulnerable populations.
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Some libraries have gone to a Netflix model.
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You might be familiar with this:
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you check things out,
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when you're done with them, you return them.
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If you don't return them, you can't check more things out,
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but once you do, it's all forgiven, it's fine.
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You can check out again.
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Others continue to charge fines,
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but they want to offer alternatives to their library patrons,
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and so they do things like food for fines, where you bring in canned goods,
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or read away your fines, where you can read off your fines.
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There's even another library in Wisconsin
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that offers scratch-off tickets at their counter,
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so you can scratch off and get 10 or 20 percent off your fines that day.
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And there are amnesty days.
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One day a year, you bring back your late materials
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and all is forgiven.
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There was a library in San Francisco that did an amnesty day last year,
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and they welcomed back 5,000 users who had been blocked.
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That same day, they received more than 700,000 items that were overdue.
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Among them was one book that was 100 years overdue.
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So I know that sounds ridiculous, but I know from experience
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that people will stay away from the library
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rather than face the authority of the librarian
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when they have late items.
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As Michael might have mentioned, I've been a librarian for 15 years
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and my mom hasn't been in a library in decades,
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because when she was young, she lost a book.
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So, these are great baby steps.
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But they don't go far enough,
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because they make people jump through hoops.
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They have to come on the right days, at the right times.
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They might have to have extra food to share.
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They want to read away their fines, they need to be literate.
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If we want people to use the library again,
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we should just get rid of fines altogether.
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Now, you might think I've forgotten a money piece,
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where we need to finance libraries, right?
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But there's a couple of things to consider
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when we think about how fines function in library budgets.
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The first is that fines have never been a stable source of revenue.
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They've always fluctuated,
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and in fact, they've continued to go down over the last few decades.
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When the recession hit, especially, people's ability to pay was hit, as well.
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So for a lot of those 10,000 friends that we've got at the library
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that aren't able to use it,
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they might never be able to pay us.
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When we talk about eliminating their fines,
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we're not losing money so much as the idea of money.
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And thirdly, you might be surprised to know
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fines on average, nationally, are about one and a half percent
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of a library's operating budget.
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Now that can still be a lot of money.
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If you're looking at a large library or a large library system,
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the dollar amount can be high.
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But it's an achievable cut for most libraries to absorb.
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And finally, and maybe most importantly, fines cost us money to collect.
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When you start to factor in all of the ways that we collect fines,
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supplies like mailers that we send out to remind people of their fines,
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services, like collections management services,
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even telephone and email notifications can cost libraries money.
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And staff time is a huge cost for libraries.
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So that our frontline staff is standing there,
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talking to people about their fines, sometimes arguing with people about fines.
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When we eliminate all of those pieces,
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if we got rid of fines, we might actually save money in our libraries.
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Or at the very least,
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we would be able to reallocate our staff time
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to pursuits that better fit those missions we talked about.
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The other thing I want everybody to come away understanding
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is that fines don't actually work to do what we think they do.
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The debate about fines --
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whether we should fine, how much we should fine, it isn't new.
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We've been talking about it for almost 100 years.
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As long as that book was overdue.
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Study after study has shown that the reason libraries fine
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is because of strongly held beliefs
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about the effectiveness of getting materials back on time
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backed by no evidence.
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Basically, we fine because we've always fined.
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So, the best option for your libraries is to put their mission first.
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And they will do that if their community members ask it of them.
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When you leave here, I hope you'll visit your public library
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and talk to your librarians,
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talk to your neighbors and community members
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who serve on library boards.
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Tell them that you know how important literacy is
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to everyone in your community.
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That if our libraries are truly for everyone,
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that they have to get rid of fines and embrace their entire community.
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Thank you.
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(Applause)
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