The warmth and wisdom of mud buildings | Anna Heringer

67,984 views ใƒป 2017-10-17

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yousun Kang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
It was the end of October in the mountains in Austria.
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10์›” ๋ง ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์‚ฐ์—์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
I was there on a field trip with my architecture students from Zurich.
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์ทจ๋ฆฌํžˆ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณผ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฒฌํ•™ ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
00:21
And when we reached a high valley,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š ๊นŠ์€ ํ˜‘๊ณก์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ์•ผ
00:25
I surprised them with the news that there was no hut
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์ €๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃป๋ฐค์„ ๋จธ๋ฌผ ๋ฏผ๋ฐ•๋„ ํ˜ธํ…”๋„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ•ด๋†“์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ 
00:28
or hotel booked for the night.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋†€๋ž์ง€์š”.
00:31
It was not a mistake.
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
It was totally on purpose.
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:37
The challenge was to build our own shelter with whatever we could find.
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์ €๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ฌต์„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ž๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
And we all survived.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
It was cold, it was really tough ...
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์•„์ฃผ ์ถ”์› ๊ณ , ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
00:47
and it was a great learning experience
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
to discover that there are a lot of resources given by nature for free,
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์ž์—ฐ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž์›์„ ๊ณต์งœ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:53
and all that we need is our sensitivity to see them ...
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ž์›์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ
00:58
and our creativity to use them.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
I found myself in a similar situation.
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
When I was an architecture student about 13 years ago,
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13๋…„ ์ „ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณผ ํ•™์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
01:10
I went to Bangladesh to a remote village called Rudrapur
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๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ์˜ ์™ธ๋”ด ๋งˆ์„์ธ ๋ฃจ๋“œ๋ผํ‘ธ๋ฅด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
with the aim to design and build a school as my thesis project.
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๋…ผ๋ฌธ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ธฐํšํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:18
I had lived in that village before when I was 19 and a volunteer
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๊ทธ ์ด์ „์ธ 19์„ธ ๋•Œ ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ์˜ Dipshikha๋ผ๋Š” NGO๋‹จ์ฒด์—์„œ
01:21
at Dipshikha, a Bangladeshi NGO for rural development.
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๋†์ดŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
And what I had learned from them
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๋‹น์‹œ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€
01:26
was that the most sustainable strategy for sustainable development
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์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์ด๋ž€
01:30
is to cherish and to use your very own resources and potential,
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์ง€์—ญ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์ž์›๊ณผ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์†Œ์ค‘ํžˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์•„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
01:36
and not get dependent on external factors.
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์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ์ž์›์— ์˜์กดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
And this is what I tried to do with my architecture as well.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์„ ์„ธ์šธ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์ ์šฉํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:43
In terms of suitable building materials for my school,
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ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
01:46
I didn't have to look far.
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๋จผ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
They were right under my feet:
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ ๋ฐœ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:51
mud, earth, dirt, clay, however you call it ...
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์ง„ํ™, ํ† ์–‘, ํ™, ์ฐฐํ™ ๋“ฑ ๋ญ๋“ ์ง€์š”.
01:56
and bamboo that was growing all around.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์—๋Š” ์˜จํ†ต ๋Œ€๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
Electricity in remote Bangladesh is rare,
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๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ์˜ ์™ธ๋”ด ์ง€์—ญ์—๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
but we didn't need it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „๊ธฐ ์—ญ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€์š”.
02:06
We had human energy
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:08
and the people were happy to have the work.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์œ ๋งˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ ํ•  ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
Tools were an issue, too,
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๋„๊ตฌ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
02:14
but we had these guys,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:15
water buffalos.
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๋ฌผ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
We had also tried a bit cows,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋„ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:20
but interestingly, they were too intelligent.
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์†Œ๋“ค์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
02:24
They were always stepping in the holes of the previous round.
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์†Œ๋“ค์€ ๋จผ์ € ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋†“์•˜๋˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ๋งŒ ๋ฐŸ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋…€์„œ
02:26
They wouldn't mix the mud, the straw --
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์ง„ํ™๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์งš์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์„ž์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
02:28
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:29
the sand, which are the ingredients in the walls.
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๋ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ธ ํ™๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
And except a small team of consultants
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค€ ์ œ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ ์—์ดํฌ ๋กœ์Šค์›Œ๊ทธ์™€
02:36
like my partner for realization, Eike Roswag,
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์ž์—ฐ์ฃผ์˜์ž(basket-weaver)์ด์ž ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์ธ ์— ๋งˆ๋ˆ„์—˜์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ
02:38
and my basket-weaver cousin, Emmanuel,
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์ ์€ ์ธ์›์˜ ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ 
02:41
it was all built by craftsmen from the village.
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๊ทธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ๋งˆ์„์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์žฅ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ณ ๋กœ ์„ธ์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
And this is the METI school after six months of construction.
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6๊ฐœ์›”์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ค ์™„์„ฑ๋œ METI ํ•™๊ต์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
02:53
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
02:56
Load-bearing earth walls that really ground the school,
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ํ™์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋‚ด๋ ฅ๋ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™๊ต์˜ ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
03:00
and large bamboo structures that bring the lightness in.
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ํฐ ๋Œ€๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ ๋ผˆ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋น›์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
That's the classroom on the ground floor.
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1์ธต์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์‹ค์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
Attached to it are the caves.
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๋™๊ตด๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
They're for reading, for snuggling, for solo work,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜ผ์ž ์ž‘์—…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๊ณ 
03:14
for meditation, for playing ...
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๋ช…์ƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
and the classroom on the top.
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๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์‹ค์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
The children all signed with their names in Bengali the doors,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฒต๊ฐˆ์–ด๋กœ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
and they did not only sign, they also helped building the school.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๋ฆ„๋งŒ ์ ์€๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์ง“๋Š”๋ฐ ํฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:30
And I'm sure you all had your hands in mud or clay before.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง„ํ™์ด๋‚˜ ์ ํ† ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์ ธ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ์ฃ .
03:33
It's wonderful to touch. I love it.
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๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ์ฐธ ์ข‹์ง€์š”. ์ „ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
The children loved it.
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋“ค ์—ญ์‹œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
And can you imagine the feeling of a small boy or a girl
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ธ€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์ด
03:41
or an illiterate day laborer standing in front of that school building
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์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ํ”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€
03:45
and knowing that you built this
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๋ฐœ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
03:47
out of the ordinary bamboo and just the dirt underneath your feet,
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์šด ์ด ํ•™๊ต ์•ž์— ์„ค ๋•Œ๋ฉด
03:50
using nothing but your hands?
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋–จ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒ์ด ๋˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
03:55
That gives such an enormous boost of trust and confidence
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์™€ ์ž์กด๊ฐ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
in yourself and the community.
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ๋„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
04:04
And in the material.
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์ด์ œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
Especially mud has a very poor image.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ง„ํ™์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
When we think of mud, we think of dirt --
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์ง„ํ™์„ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
it's ugly, it's nondurable --
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ํ™์€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ์•ˆ์ข‹๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„ ์—†์ง€์š”.
04:15
and this is the image I want to change.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „ ์ง„ํ™์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
In fact, it's the 11th rainy season for this school now,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ดํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์šฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
really harsh, horizontal monsoon rains,
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๋งค์šฐ ์„ธ์ฐฌ ์žฅ๋งˆ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋งž์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
and the walls are standing strong.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ฒฝ์€ ๊ตณ๊ฑดํžˆ ์„œ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
04:33
So how does it work?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:35
First rule, a good foundation that keeps the wall dry from the ground,
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์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—์„œ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ค๋Š” ์Šต๊ธฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
and second rule, a good roof that protects from the top,
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๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ถ•์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
04:42
and third rule, erosion control.
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์…‹์งธ, ์นจ์‹ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
Mud walls need speed breakers
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๋น—๋ฌผ์ด ์ง„ํ™๋ฒฝ์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ํ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก
04:48
so that the rainwater cannot run down the wall fast,
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๋ฒฝ์—๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ„ฑ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
and these speed breakers could be lines of bamboo
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๋Œ€๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์—ฌ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:56
or stones or straw mixed into the mud,
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๋Œ๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์งš์„ ์ง„ํ™๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ž์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
just like a hill needs trees or rocks in order to prevent erosion.
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์‚ฐ์— ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ์นจ์‹์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์น˜์ด์ง€์š”.
05:04
It works just the same way.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์›๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
And people always ask me if I have to add cement to the mud,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ™์— ์„ž๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
and the answer is no.
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
There is no stabilizer, no coating on these walls,
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์•ˆ์ •์ œ๋„ ๋„ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ๋ฒฝ์— ์ฝ”ํŒ…๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
only in the foundation.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ณต์‚ฌ์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
So this is the close-up of the wall
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ด ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์šฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์€ ํ›„์˜
05:22
after 10 rainy seasons,
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๋ฒฝ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
and as much as I grew a bit older,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋Š™์„ ๋•Œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
05:28
the wall got some wrinkles as well.
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๋ฒฝ์—๋„ ์ฃผ๋ฆ„์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์ง€์š”.
05:29
The edges my not be as sharp as before,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ ์—ญ์‹œ ์˜ˆ์ „์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‚ ๋ ตํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์•„๋„
05:32
but it still looks pretty good,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
and if it needs repairing,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋”๋ผ๋„
05:35
it is really easy to do.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ˆ˜์›”ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
05:37
You just take the broken part,
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๋ถ€์„œ์ง„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋–ผ์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ 
05:39
make it wet, and put it back on the wall,
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๋ฌผ์— ์ ์‹  ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฒฝ์— ๋ถ™์ด๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
and it will look the same as before.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์˜ˆ์ „๊ณผ ๋ณ„๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
Wish that would work on me, too.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
05:46
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:50
Yeah, and the great thing is,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํฐ ์žฅ์ ์€
05:52
if an earth wall is not needed anymore,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ํ™์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฒฝ์ด ์“ธ๋ชจ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
05:55
it can go back to the ground it came from,
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์›๋ž˜ ์žˆ๋˜ ๋•…์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
turn into a garden,
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์ •์›์˜ ํ™์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:00
or get fully recycled without any loss of quality.
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์žฌํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์“ฐ์—ฌ์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
06:04
There's no other material that can do this,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
and this is why mud is so excellent in terms of environmental performance.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง„ํ™์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
What about the economic sustainability?
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
06:15
When we built the school,
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ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
06:16
I practically lived on the construction site,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณต์‚ฌ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ง€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
and in the evening, I used to go with the workers to the market,
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์ €๋…์—๋Š” ์ผ๊พผ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ข…์ข… ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ€์„œ
06:21
and I could see how they spent their money.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
And they would buy the vegetables from their neighbors,
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๋™๋„ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•ผ์ฑ„๋ฅผ ์ƒ€๊ณ 
06:28
they would get a new haircut or a new blouse from the tailor.
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ ์˜ท๋„ ์ƒ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
And because the main part of the building budget
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๊ฑด์ถ• ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ ์žฅ์ธ์ด์—ˆ๋˜
06:36
was spent on craftsmanship,
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์ผ๊พผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:38
the school wasn't just a building,
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ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
06:41
it became a real catalyst for local development,
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์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๊ธฐํญ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
06:45
and that made me happy.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ๋ปค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
If I had designed the school in cement and steel,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์™€ ์ฒ ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์ง€์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋ˆ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘
06:51
this money would have been exported and lost for those families.
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ํ•ด์™ธ๋กœ ๋น ์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ฑ„์›Œ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
06:56
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:01
The building budget at that time was 35,000 euros --
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๋‹น์‹œ ๊ฑด์ถ• ๋น„์šฉ์€ 3,6000์œ ๋กœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
it's probably doubled by now --
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ๋˜๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
07:07
and this is a lot of money for that region,
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํฐ ๋ˆ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
and especially because this money is working within the community
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ˆ์€ ์ง€์—ญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋งŒ ์œ ํ†ต๋˜๊ณ 
07:14
and rotating fast,
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๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์ „๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
07:15
and not on the stock market.
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์ฃผ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
So when it comes to the economic sustainability of my project,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌธ์€
07:23
my main question is, who gets the profit?
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"๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋“์ธ๊ฐ€?" ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
How many of you in here
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ์ง„ํ™์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ง‘์—์„œ
07:30
have some experience living in a mud house?
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์‚ด์•„๋ณธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„ ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
07:33
Chris Anderson, where is your hand?
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ์”จ, ์† ์™œ ์•ˆ๋“œ์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
07:35
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:36
You? OK.
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ํ•œ ๋ถ„ ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”.
07:39
Yeah.
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๋„ค.
07:40
It seems totally out of our focus,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:43
but approximately three billion people all around the planet
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ์•ฝ 30์–ต ๋ช…์ด
07:48
are living in earth houses,
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ํ™์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ง‘์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:50
and it is a traditional building material
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ๋„
07:52
in Europe just as much as in Africa.
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ํ™์€ ์˜ˆ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง‘์„ ์ง“๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
Strangely enough,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„
07:59
mud is not considered worthy of being studied at universities ...
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๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์ง„ํ™์€ ๋”์ด์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
so I brought the dirt to Harvard,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํ™์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์ง€์š”.
08:07
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:09
precisely 60 tons of dirt right in front of the main facade
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ 60ํ†ค์˜ ํ™์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
08:13
of the Graduate School of Design.
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๋””์ž์ธ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
Students and faculty rolled up their sleeves,
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ต์ง์›๋“ค์€ ํŒ”์„ ๊ฑท์–ด ๋ถ€์น˜๊ณ 
08:19
got their hands dirty
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์†์œผ๋กœ ํ™์„ ๋งŒ์ ธ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ
08:20
and transformed the front into a warm place for people to gather.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์•ž์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„๋Š‘ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ๋ณ€์‹ ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
Children would climb the structures,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์œ„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
skaters would ride the ramp,
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์Šค์ผ€์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
08:28
students having lunch breaks,
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์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
08:30
and it was particularly fascinating to see how many people were touching the wall,
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์ •๋ง ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
and we usually don't go around cities caressing our facades, right?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์–ด๋ฃจ๋งŒ์ง€๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ง„ ์•Š์ž–์•„์š”?
08:38
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:44
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:48
Of course, this was a small-scale project,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๊ฑด ์ž‘์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
08:50
but in terms of awareness-building and in terms of education,
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์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ๊ต์œก์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
08:53
it was like an acupuncture trigger point.
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์‹œ๋ฐœ์ ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
And in fact, in more and more countries,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ
09:01
load-bearing earthen structures are not allowed to be built anymore
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ํ™์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ ฅ๋ฒฝ์€ ๋”์ด์ƒ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
although they're traditional and have lasted for hundreds of years,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜จ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
09:09
and not because the material is weak,
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์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
09:11
but because there are no architects and engineers
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์ด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
09:15
who know how to deal with that material.
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
So education on all levels,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์žฅ์ธ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž, ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
09:19
for craftsmen, engineers and architects,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ต์œก์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
is really strongly needed.
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09:24
Equally important is technological development,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
like prefabrication developed by my colleague Martin Rauch,
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์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ถœ์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ด์ž ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์ธ
09:30
who is an Austrian artist and expert in earthen structures.
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๋™๋ฃŒ์ธ ๋งˆํ‹ด ๋ผ์šฐ๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฌํŒจ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
09:34
And he has created technologies for rammed earth elements,
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๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ํ™๋‹ค์ง ๊ณต๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
09:38
for prefabrication of rammed earth elements
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ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ
09:40
that include insulation, wall heatings and coolings
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ํ™ ๋ฒฝ์— ๋‹จ์—ด์žฌ, ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ
09:44
and all sorts of electrical fittings
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์ „๊ธฐ ์„ค์น˜๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์ง€์š”.
09:46
that can be layered to multistoried buildings,
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๊ณ ์ธต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ฒน๊ฒน์ด ์Œ“์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
and this is important in order to scale up
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๊ณ 
09:51
and in order to [speed] up the processes,
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๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
09:53
like in the Ricola Herb Center in Switzerland.
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์Šค์œ„์Šค์˜ Ricola Herb Center๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
And finally, we need good built projects
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•ด์„œ
10:01
that prove you can build with an ancient material
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฑด์ถ• ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
10:04
in a very modern way.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์„ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
It is not a matter of how old a material is;
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๊ทธ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
it's a matter of our creative ability to use it today.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
10:16
These, for example, are three hostels
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
that I did in China in the village Baoxi,
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์ €๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ Baoxi๋ผ๋Š” ๋งˆ์„์— ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ˜ธ์Šคํ…”์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
about six hours by bus from Shanghai.
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์ƒํ•˜์ด์—์„œ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋กœ 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์ด์ง€์š”.
10:25
The outside shape is woven bamboo,
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์™ธ๊ด€์€ ๋Œ€๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ ์—ฎ์—ˆ๊ณ 
10:28
and the inside core is stones and rammed earth.
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๋‚ด๋ถ€๋Š” ๋Œ๊ณผ ๊ตณํžŒ ํ™์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
And it is a traditional building material.
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฑด์ถ• ์ž์žฌ์ง€์š”.
10:35
Even large parts of the Great Wall of China
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๋งŒ๋ฆฌ์žฅ์„ฑ๋„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„
10:37
have been built with rammed earth,
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๊ตณํžŒ ํ™์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
but it's getting replaced by concrete.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ„์† ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋กœ ๊ต์ฒด๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
10:42
And this trend is happening very fast.
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์ด ์ถ”์„ธ๋Š” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
Within only a couple of years,
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์•ฝ 2๋…„ ๋‚ด๋กœ
10:48
China has consumed more cement than the United States
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์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์–‘์€
10:51
in the entire 20th century.
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ†ตํ‹€์–ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์–‘์„ ์ถ”์›”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
And this trend of replacing natural building materials
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์† ์ž์—ฐ ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์„ ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด
10:58
with materials that require a lot of energy,
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์†Œ๋น„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
that are energy-intensive,
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ง‘์•ฝ์ ์ด์ง€์š”.
11:02
and that emit CO2
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
11:04
is really clearly contributing to climate change.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
And we have alternatives,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์ž–์•„์š”.
11:09
such as mud, stones, timber, bamboo, earth,
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์ง„ํ™, ๋Œ, ๋ชฉ์žฌ, ๋Œ€๋‚˜๋ฌด, ํ† ์–‘ ๋“ฑ,
11:13
that are totally effective options for all sorts of purposes.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
This, for example, is an office building that we did
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„์— Omicron Electronics๋ผ๋Š”
11:20
for Omicron Electronics in Austria.
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์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
11:22
Mud is healthy for the planet, but also for the human bodies,
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์ง„ํ™์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ์—๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์—๋„ ์œ ์ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
and the material is low-tech,
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์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋กœ์šฐํ…Œํฌ(low-tech)์ง€๋งŒ
11:28
but the performance is high-tech.
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์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ํ•˜์ดํ…Œํฌ(high tech)์ง€์š”.
11:30
The earth walls keep the highly sophisticated tools in the building safe
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑด์ถ• ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ์„œ ํ™์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฒฝ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
by naturally regulating moisture.
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์Šต๋„๋ฅผ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ด์„œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์œ ์ง€์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
11:37
And this wall in my own home
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์ œ ์ง‘ ๋ฒฝ์€
11:41
is our humidfier.
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๊ฐ€์Šต๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์š”.
11:44
We love our six tons of dirt at home
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์ €ํฌ ์ง‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ 6ํ†ค์˜ ํ™์ด ์ •๋ง ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
not only because it's healthy and sustainable.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
11:50
Its archaic warmth is touching deep within.
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์˜› ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•จ์ด ๊นŠ์€ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์„ ์–ด๋ฃจ๋งŒ์ €์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
My personal dream is to build a mud skyscraper right in Manhattan.
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋งจํ•˜ํƒ„์— ์ง„ํ™ ๊ณ ์ธต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:01
Yeah.
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๋„ค.
12:03
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:05
And this dream isn't so crazy
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ํ™ฉ๋‹น๋ฌด๊ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฟˆ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
if you think of the mud city of Shibam in Yemen
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์˜ˆ๋ฉ˜์—๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฐค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ง„ํ™ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
12:09
that was built in the 16th century
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16์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์ง€์–ด์กŒ๊ณ 
12:10
and has lasted now for 500 years.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ 500๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
What was possible that long ago is possible today as well,
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๊ทธ ์˜›๋‚ ์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€์š”.
12:19
and we can apply all our technical know-how
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋…ธํ•˜์šฐ๋ฅผ
12:23
to these ancient materials
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์˜ค๋ž˜์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์™”๋˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ ์šฉ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
so that it meets our needs and our dreams.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฟˆ์ด ์‹คํ˜„๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
All around us,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค
12:32
and just below our feet ...
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค
12:35
are wonderful natural building materials.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ž์žฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ž์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
Let's use them.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
12:40
And I deeply believe
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง‘, ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„
12:42
our homes, our work spaces, our cities
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€
12:45
would become more healthy and sustainable
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๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋” ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ
12:49
and more humane
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๋” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ด๊ณ 
12:52
and beautiful.
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๋” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›Œ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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