The Next Global Superpower Isn't Who You Think | Ian Bremmer | TED

9,154,060 views ใƒป 2023-06-14

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ์„ธํ›ˆ ์ • ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jaewook Seol
00:04
I have a big question.
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:06
Which is, who runs the world?
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์ฆ‰, ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?
00:08
It used to be an easy question to answer.
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ํ•œ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
If you're over 45 like me,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ €์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ 45์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ฉด,
00:16
you grew up in a world that was dominated by two giants.
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๋‘ ๊ฑฐ์ธ์ด ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
The United States called the shots on one side of the Wall,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์˜ ํ•œ ํŽธ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์žฅ ๋…ธ๋ฆ‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
00:26
the Soviets set the rules on the other.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ จ์ด ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ •ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:29
And that was a bipolar world.
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ˆ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์–‘๊ทน๋‹จ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
It's very simple.
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ .
00:34
If you're under 45,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งŒ์•ฝ 45์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด๋ฉด,
00:37
you grew up when the Soviet Union had already collapsed,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ž๋ž€ ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์†Œ๋ จ์ด ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜๊ณ 
00:42
and that left the United States as the sole superpower,
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๋‚จ์€ ๋ฏธํ•ฉ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ์ด ๋˜์–ด
00:46
dominating global institutions and also exerting raw power.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์„ ์žฅ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ๋…ธ๊ณจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
And that was a unipolar world.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ผ๊ทน ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜€๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
00:56
And then about 15 years ago,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ฝ 15๋…„ ์ „ ์ฏค,
00:59
things got a little more complicated.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:04
The United States increasingly didn't want to be the world's policeman
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ ์  ๋” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ๋˜๊ธธ ์›์น˜ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
or the architect of global trade
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ๋ฌด์—ญ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์ž ์—ญํ• ์ด๋‚˜
01:13
or even the cheerleader for global values.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ตญ์ œํ™” ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ์น˜์–ด๋ฆฌ๋” ์—ญํ• ๊นŒ์ง€๋„์š”.
01:18
Other countries were becoming more powerful,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•ด์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
01:20
and they could increasingly ignore many of the rules they didn't like,
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์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ ์  ๋” ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋์ฃ .
01:25
sometimes even setting new rules themselves.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:31
What happened?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
01:33
Three things.
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
Number one,
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์ฒซ์งธ,
01:37
Russia was not integrated into Western institutions.
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋Š” ์„œ๋ฐฉ ์ฒด์ œ์— ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
A former great power now in very serious decline
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ํ•œ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‡ ํ‡ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:47
and they are angry about it.
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
We can argue about whose fault that is, but we are where we are.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ ์ž˜๋ชป์ธ์ง€ ๋”ฐ์ ธ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
01:57
Number two,
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๋‘˜์งธ,
01:58
China was integrated into US-led institutions
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์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฃผ๋„์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์— ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฑด
02:04
on the presumption that as they got wealthier and more powerful,
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋ถ€์œ ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ
02:10
they would become Americans.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์ „์ œ์—์„œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:16
Turns out, they're still Chinese.
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์•Œ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ˆ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:19
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:21
And the United States is not particularly comfortable with that.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๊ฒ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ฌ๊ฐ‘์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
Number three,
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์…‹์งธ,
02:27
tens of millions of citizens in the United States
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜
02:31
and other wealthy democracies
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์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ๋งŒ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€
02:33
felt left behind by globalization.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋’ค์ฒ˜์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
This has been ignored for decades.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฌด์‹œ๋์ฃ .
02:40
But as a consequence,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ,
02:41
they felt that their governments and their leaders were more illegitimate.
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๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ๋” ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
Now if you look at all the headlines in the world today,
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๋„ค, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์š” ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
02:52
driving all of this geopolitical tension and conflict,
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์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ๊ธด์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋Š”
02:56
over 90 percent of them are because of these three reasons.
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๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ 90% ์ด์ƒ์€ ์ด๋“ค ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
And that's why today we live in a leaderless world.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฆฌ๋” ์—†๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
But as we know,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ,
03:11
that's not going to be with us for long.
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์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
So what comes next?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์Œ์—” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
03:17
What kind of a world order might we expect
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์–ด๋–ค ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ
03:21
over the next ten years?
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์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:24
Some of what I might say I think will surprise you.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ž„ ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
Because we're not going to have
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š”
03:33
a bipolar or a unipolar or even a multipolar world.
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๋‹จ๊ทน์ด๋‚˜ ์–‘๊ทน, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋‹ค๊ทน ์ฒด์ œ๋„ ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
If we don't have one or two superpowers,
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์ดˆ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ์ด ํ•œ ๋‘˜์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด,
03:40
we don't have a single global order.
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๋‹จ์ผ ๊ตญ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ๋„ ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
No, instead, we will have three different orders,
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์•„๋‡จ, ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์‹  ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
a little overlapping,
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์„œ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๊ฒน์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:52
and the third will have immense importance for how we live,
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ์„œ๋Š” ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ ,
03:58
what we think,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:00
what we want,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
04:02
and what we're prepared to do to get it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:06
But first things first.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ์„  ์งš๊ณ  ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐˆ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
Today, we have a global security order.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ์•ˆ๋ณด ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
And as you see from the map,
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์ง€๋„์—์„œ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
04:15
the United States and its allies are the most powerful players on it.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋™๋งน๊ตญ๋“ค์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์„ธ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
The US is the only country in the world
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ
04:25
that can send its soldiers
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์œกํ•ด๊ตฐ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ
04:26
and its sailors and its military equipment to every corner of that world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ์ง€๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:32
No one else is close.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๋ฒ”์ ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
04:34
China is growing in its military capabilities in Asia,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
04:39
though nowhere else.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ง์ด์ฃ .
04:41
Lots of American allies in Asia are concerned about that.
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์•„์‹œ์•„ ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋™๋งน๊ตญ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ ์„ ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
And as a consequence, they're becoming more dependent
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋™๋งน๊ตญ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์•ˆ๋ณด ์šฐ์‚ฐ์—
04:48
on the United States for a security umbrella.
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๋”๋”์šฑ ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:52
With the Russian invasion of Ukraine,
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์นจ๋žต์œผ๋กœ,
04:54
US allies in Europe are becoming more concerned and dependent
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋™๋งน๊ตญ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฃผ๋„์˜ NATO์—
์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
on the United States and a US-led NATO.
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05:03
The Russian military, of course, has been a greater global concern,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๊ตฐ์€ ์ค„๊ณง ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ๊ฑฑ์ •๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
05:09
much less so today,
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋œํ•ด์กŒ์ฃ .
05:10
especially as they've lost over 200,000 troops
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ํŠนํžˆ 2์‹ญ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ
05:14
and all of that equipment
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๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์žƒ์€ ๋ฐ๋‹ค
05:15
and with sanctions making it extremely hard for them to rebuild.
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์ œ์žฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์žฌ๊ฑดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
05:21
Now, Russia and China and others have nuclear weapons,
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๋„ค, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์™€ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
05:25
but thank God it is still suicide to use them.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ž์‚ดํ–‰์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
And as a consequence,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ,
05:30
our security order is a unipolar order
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์•ˆ๋ณด ์งˆ์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ผ๊ทน ์ฒด์ œ์ด๊ณ 
05:33
and it is likely to remain so for the next decade.
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ํ–ฅํ›„ 10๋…„๊ฐ„์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
Now at the same time that there's a security order,
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๋„ค, ์•ˆ๋ณด ์งˆ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
05:41
there's also a global economic order.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
And here, power is shared.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ณต์œ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
The United States is still a very robust global economy.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
But the US can't use its dominant position militarily
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
06:01
to tell other countries what to do economically.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”.
06:05
The United States and China are enormously economically interdependent
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์˜์กด์ ์ด์–ด์„œ
06:10
and so they can't control each other.
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์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
You may be surprised to hear this,
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์ด ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ๋†€๋ผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
06:15
but today US-China trade relations are actually at their highest level
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๋ฏธ-์ค‘ ๋ฌด์—ญ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š”
์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
in history.
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06:22
Now, other countries in the world,
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๋„ค, ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค ์ค‘
06:25
a lot of them want access to US military muscle,
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๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ,
06:28
but they also want access to the Chinese market,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋„ ์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
06:31
soon, by 2030, likely to be the largest in the world.
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๋จธ์ง€์•Š์•„ 2030๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ๋  ์ „๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
And you can't very well have a cold war
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ƒ‰์ „์„ ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒŒ
06:38
if the US and the Chinese are the only two that are prepared to fight it.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ๋ƒ‰์ „์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:43
Yes?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”?
06:45
Yes.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
So the European Union has the largest common market
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ณต๋™์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:51
and they set the rules.
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
And if you want to do profitable business there,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
06:56
you listen to those rules.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:59
India is playing a greater role economically on the global stage.
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์ธ๋„๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ํฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
Japan still matters, too.
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์ผ๋ณธ๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
07:04
And over the next ten years,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ž์œผ๋กœ 10๋…„๊ฐ„,
07:07
there will be a rise and fall
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์ด๋“ค ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ ฅ์€
07:10
of the relative capacities of these economies.
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์—Ž์น˜๋ฝ ๋’ค์น˜๋ฝ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
But the global economic order is and will remain a multipolar order.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋‹ค๊ทน ์งˆ์„œ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
Now, between these two orders are tensions
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๋„ค, ์ด๋“ค ๋‘ ์งˆ์„œ ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ์ด ํ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
because the United States will use its power in national security
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ด๋ ค๊ณ 
07:31
to try to bring more of the world's economies towards it.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋ณด ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
07:35
And we already see this starting to happen in semiconductors
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฏธ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ์ „๋žต ๊ด‘๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
and in critical minerals and maybe soon in TikTok.
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๋˜ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ณง ํ‹ฑํ†ก๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:43
The Chinese are trying to use their dominant commercial position
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์—…์  ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ
07:49
to align more of the world diplomatically.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ์™ธ๊ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋ ค ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
And Japan and Europe and India
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์ด์— ์ผ๋ณธ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ, ์ธ๋„
07:56
and everyone else will do their damnedest
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋„
07:59
to ensure that neither of these two orders dominate the other.
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์ฃผ๋„๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
And they will mostly succeed.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ๋„๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
Now, so far I have spoken with you
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๋„ค, ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€
08:09
about the two world orders we already see,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์งˆ์„œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
but there's a third that is coming soon that's even more important.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ์„œ๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
And that is the digital order.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์งˆ์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
And the digital order is not run by governments
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์งˆ์„œ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:27
but by technology companies.
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์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:32
We all know how much military support
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜ํ†  ํšŒ์›๊ตญ๋“ค์ด ์ „์Ÿ ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ
08:38
NATO countries have provided Ukraine
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๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์ง€์›์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€
08:41
during the war.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
But it's technology companies that provided the tools
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
08:47
allowing Ukraine to defend itself from Russian cyber attack.
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์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์› ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
It's technology companies that gave the Ukrainian leaders
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์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ด ์ตœ์ „๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ์™€ ์žฅ๊ตฐ๋“ค๊ณผ
08:56
the ability to speak with their generals and their soldiers on the front lines.
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์†Œํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ค€ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
If it wasn't for those technology companies,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด๋“ค ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:06
Ukraine would have been fully offline within weeks of the war.
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์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „์Ÿ ๊ฐœ์‹œ ํ›„ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋งŒ์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ†ต์‹  ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ๋์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ณ ,
09:10
And I don't believe President Zelensky would still be there today.
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์ ค๋ Œ์Šคํ‚ค ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ์‹ ๋ณ€์„ ์žฅ๋‹ด ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
09:15
Technology companies determine whether Donald Trump is able,
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์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ€์„ ์— ์ถœ๋งˆํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
09:21
in real time and without filter,
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์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ณผ ์—†์ด
09:24
to speak with hundreds of millions of people
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์ˆ˜์–ต ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€
09:27
as he runs again for the presidency.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
It's social media platforms
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ๊ณผ
09:34
and their ability to promote disinformation
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ—ˆ์œ„ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ์Œ๋ชจ๋ก ์„ ์ „ํŒŒํ•˜๋Š”
09:38
and conspiracy theory.
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๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
Without them, we do not have riots in the Capitol on January 6.
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์ด๋“ค ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์—†์ด๋Š” 1์›” 6์ผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญํšŒ์˜์‚ฌ๋‹น ํญ๋™์€ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
We do not have trucker riots in Ottawa.
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์˜คํƒ€์™€ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ ํญ๋™๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
09:49
We do not have a January 8 insurrection in Brazil.
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1์›” 8์ผ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ตญํšŒ์˜์‚ฌ๋‹น ๋‚œ์ž… ์‚ฌํƒœ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
09:56
Technology companies increasingly determine our identities.
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์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ ์  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
When I was growing up, it's nature or nurture.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ์ ์— ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ด๋ž€, ์ฒœ์„ฑ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์–‘์œก์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
I mean, my deep and abiding emotional problems
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์ €์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์† ๊นŠ์ด ๊ณ„์†๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ๊ฐ์ •์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€
10:10
either come from how I was raised --
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์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
10:13
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:15
Or some genetic failure.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์œ ์ „์ž ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž€ ๋ง์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
10:17
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:19
Could be both.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ผ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:20
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:21
But today,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ,
10:23
our identities are determined by nature and nurture
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์€ ์ฒœ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์–‘์œก ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
10:27
and algorithm.
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์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
If you want to challenge the system,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ฒด์ œ์— ๋„์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค ํ•ด๋„
10:35
you can't just question authority,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆด ์ ์— ์ตํžˆ ๋“ค์–ด์™”๋“ฏ์ด
10:37
as we were all told when we were growing up.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ถŒ์œ„์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋งŒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
Today, you have to question the algorithm,
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์ด์ œ๋Š”, ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
10:42
and that is a staggering amount of power
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์†์•„๊ท€์— ์žˆ๋Š”
10:44
in the hands of these technology companies.
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์••๋„์ ์ธ ์–‘์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:49
What are they going to do with that power?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ํž˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
10:52
And that depends on who they want to be
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
10:55
when they grow up.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๊ฐ€์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
So if China and the United States work to exert much more power
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ „์—ญ์—
11:05
over the digital world
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ
11:08
and technology companies in those countries
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์ด๋“ค ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด
11:11
align with those governments,
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์ •๋ถ€ ํŽธ์— ์„œ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:13
we will end up in a technology cold war.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ƒ‰์ „์„ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
And that means the digital order will be split in two.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ๊ณง ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์งˆ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋‘˜๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ž€ ๊ฑธ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
If, on the other hand
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๋งŒ์•ฝ, ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—,
11:26
technology companies persist with global business models,
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์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:32
and we retain competition between the digital and physical worlds,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:39
we will have a new globalization, a digital global order.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”, ์ฆ‰ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์งˆ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
Or if the digital order becomes increasingly dominant
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ํ˜น์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์งˆ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ์šฐ์„ธํ•ด์ง€๊ณ 
11:52
and governments erode in their capacity to govern,
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์น˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ์žƒ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:56
and we've already seen the beginning of this,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ ,
11:59
technology companies will become the dominant actors
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๊ตญ์ œ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ
12:03
on the global stage in every way
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์ „๋ฐฉ์œ„์ ์ธ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ ์„ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
12:06
and we will have a techno-polar order.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
And that will determine whether we have a world of limitless opportunity
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๋˜ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐฌ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์˜ฌ์ง€,
12:16
or a world without freedom.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์˜ฌ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
Now at this point in my speech,
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๋„ค, ์ œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ ์ด์ฏค์—์„œ
12:24
I'm supposed to talk about the good news.
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ง€์ƒ์ •์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:27
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:29
But those of you that have heard this
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
12:32
know that that is not coming.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ผ ์—†๋‹จ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:36
There is no pause button on these explosive and disruptive technologies.
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์ด ํญ๋ฐœ์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์ผ์‹œ์ •์ง€ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
I don't know if you know this,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„์‹ค ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
12:45
there are over 100 people in the world today
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์„ธ๊ณ„์—๋Š” 100๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
12:48
with the knowledge and the technology to create a new smallpox virus.
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์‹ ์ข… ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ผ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
Honestly, I don't have answers,
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์†”์งํžˆ, ์ €๋„ ์ •๋‹ต์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
but I have a few questions for the people that do.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
Because these technology companies are not just Fortune 50 and 100 actors.
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์ด๋“ค ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๋‹จ์ง€ ํฌ์ถ˜์ง€ ์„ ์ • 50๋Œ€, 100๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋ผ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
13:10
These technology titans are not just men worth 50 or 100 billion dollars or more.
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฑฐ์ธ์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ, ์ˆ˜์ฒœ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋ผ์„œ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
They are increasingly the most powerful people on the planet
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ ์  ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
13:18
with influence over our futures.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
And we need to know,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
are they going to act accountably
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์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ตœ์‹  ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ์ถœ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด,
13:27
as they release new and powerful artificial intelligence?
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๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
13:33
What are they going to do with this unprecedented amount of data
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์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ
13:37
that they are collecting on us and our environment?
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์ „๋ก€ ์—†์ด ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
13:42
And the one that I think should concern us all right now the most:
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๋˜ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šฐ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
Will they persist with these advertising models
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ๊ด‘๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ณ„์† ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
13:52
driving so much revenues that are turning citizens into products
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์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ ์ƒํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฝ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
13:56
and driving hate and misinformation
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์ฆ์˜ค์™€ ํ—ˆ์œ„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
13:59
and ripping apart our society?
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์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐˆ๊ธฐ ์ฐข์–ด ๋†“์„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
14:03
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:08
When I was a student back in 1989,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋˜ 1989๋…„ ๋‹น์‹œ
14:11
and the Wall fell,
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๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ,
14:13
the United States was the principal exporter of democracy in the world.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ตญ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:19
Not always successfully.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
14:21
Often hypocritically.
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์œ„์„ ์ ์ผ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜์ฃ .
14:23
But number one, nonetheless.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ 1๋“ฑ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
Today, the United States has become the principal exporter of tools
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ถœํ•˜๋Š”
14:31
that destroy democracy.
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์ฃผ์š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
The technology leaders who create and control these tools,
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์ด ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์€
14:40
are they OK with that?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
14:43
Or are they going to do something about it?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
14:46
We need to know.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์•Œ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
(Cheers and applause)
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(ํ•จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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