How isolation fuels opioid addiction | Rachel Wurzman

72,513 views ・ 2018-11-19

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Hyo Kim κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
What does it mean to be normal?
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μ •μƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 건 뭘 μ˜λ―Έν• κΉŒμš”?
00:16
And what does it mean to be sick?
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μ•„ν”„λ‹€λŠ” 건 또 무슨 뜻이죠?
00:21
I've asked myself this question from the time I was about seven,
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μ „ 일곱 μ‚΄ 무렡뢀터 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ„ 제 μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œ λ¬»κ³€ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:24
when I was diagnosed with Tourette syndrome.
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μ œκ°€ νˆ¬λ › 증후ꡰ을 진단 λ°›μ•˜μ„ λ•Œμ£ .
00:27
Tourette's is a neurological disorder
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νˆ¬λ › 증후ꡰ은 μ‹ κ²½μž₯μ• μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
characterized by stereotyped movements I perform against my will, called tics.
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μ˜μ§€μ™€λŠ” λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ μ›€μ§μ΄κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”, ν”νžˆ λ§ν•˜λŠ” ν‹± 증상이 νŠΉμ§•μ΄μ£ .
00:35
Now, tics are technically involuntary,
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μ—„λ°€νžˆ λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄ ν‹± 증상은 저도 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜μš”.
00:38
in the sense that they occur without any conscious attention
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μ˜μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„λ„ μΌμ–΄λ‚œλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œμš”.
00:41
or intention on my part.
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μ˜λ„ ν•˜μ§€λ„ μ•Šμ£ .
00:44
But there's a funny thing about how I experience tics.
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그런데 μ œκ°€ κ²ͺλŠ” ν‹± 증상엔 μž¬λ°ŒλŠ” ꡬ석이 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
00:49
They feel more unvoluntary than involuntary,
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λ¬΄μ˜μ‹μ μΈ 것 κ°™μœΌλ©΄μ„œ 또 μ˜μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ λŠκ»΄μ§€λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
00:53
because I still feel like it's me moving my shoulder,
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κ²°κ΅­ μ–΄κΉ¨λ₯Ό μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” 건 제 μ˜μ§€λΌλŠ” λŠλ‚Œμ΄ λ“€κ±°λ“ μš”.
00:56
not some external force.
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μ™ΈλΆ€μ˜ 힘 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ μš”.
00:58
Also, I get this uncomfortable sensation, called premonitory urge,
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"전쑰감각좩동"μ΄λΌλŠ” λΆˆνŽΈν•œ 감각을 λŠλΌκΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ£ .
01:03
right before tics happen,
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ν‹± 증상이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κΈ° μ§μ „μ΄λ‚˜
01:04
and particularly when I'm trying to resist them.
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틱을 μžμ œν•˜λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜λ©΄ 더 심해지죠.
01:07
Now, I imagine most of you out there understand what I'm saying,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μ œκ°€ 무슨 말을 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ 이해 ν•˜μ…¨μ„ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
01:10
but unless you have Tourette's, you probably think you can't relate.
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νˆ¬λ ›μ¦ν›„κ΅°μ„ μ•“κ³  μžˆμ§€μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄ 이해할 수 μ—†λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹€ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
01:15
But I bet you can.
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κ·Έλž˜λ„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
So, let's try a little experiment here and see if I can give you
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그럼 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 잠깐 μ‹€ν—˜ ν•˜λ‚˜ ν•΄λ³Όκ²Œμš”.
01:20
a taste of what my experience feels like.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ–΄λ–€ λŠλ‚ŒμΈμ§€ λŒ€λž΅ λ§›λ§Œ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦΄ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
01:23
Alright, ready?
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μ€€λΉ„λ˜μ…¨μ£ ?
01:25
Don't blink.
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λˆˆμ„ κΉœλΉ‘μ΄μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
01:27
No, really, don't blink.
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μ •λ§λ‘œ κΉœλΉ‘μ΄μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
01:28
And besides dry eyes, what do you feel?
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눈이 κ±΄μ‘°ν•΄μ§€λŠ” 것 이외에 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ±Έ λŠλΌμ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
01:33
Phantom pressure?
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κ°€μƒμ˜ 압박감?
01:35
Eyelids tingling?
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눈썹 λ–¨λ¦Ό?
01:37
A need?
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깜빑이고 싢은 μš•κ΅¬?
01:39
Are you holding your breath?
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숨 참고 있죠?
01:41
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:42
Aha.
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κ·Έλ ‡μ£ .
01:43
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:47
That's approximately what my tics feels like.
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그게 제 ν‹±μ˜ λŒ€λž΅μ μΈ λŠλ‚Œμ΄μ—μš”.
01:52
Now, tics and blinking, neurologically speaking, are not the same,
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ν‹±κ³Ό 눈 κΉœλΉ‘μž„μ€ μ‹ κ²½ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ λ™μΌν•˜μ§„ μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ
01:56
but my point is that you don't have to have Tourette's
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νˆ¬λ ›μ¦ν›„κ΅°μ„ ꡳ이 앓을 ν•„μš”λŠ” μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
02:00
to be able to relate to my experience of my premonitory urges,
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μ œκ°€ λŠλΌλŠ” 전쑰감각좩동을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆμ–΄μ„œμš”.
02:05
because your brain can give you similar experiences and feelings.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ λ‡Œλ„ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ κ²½ν—˜κ³Ό λŠλ‚Œμ„ 쀄 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
02:12
So, let's shift the conversation from what it means to be normal versus sick
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"정상 vs μ•„ν”ˆ 것" 의 주제둜 λ‹€μ‹œ λŒμ•„κ°€ λ³Όκ²Œμš”.
02:17
to what it means that a majority of us are both normal and sick.
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무슨 λœ»μΈκ°€ ν•˜λ©΄, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 정상이든가 μ•„ν”„λ“ κ°€ λ‘˜ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ˆμš”.
02:24
Because in the final analysis, we're all humans
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κ²°κ΅­μ—λŠ” μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ 인간 μ΄μž–μ•„μš”.
02:28
whose brains provide for a spectrum of experiences.
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우리의 λ‡ŒλŠ” μ–΄λ– ν•œ κ²½ν—˜μ˜ λ²”μœ„λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜μ£ .
02:34
And everything on that spectrum of human experiences
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그리고 κ·Έ λ²”μœ„ λ‚΄ λͺ¨λ“  κ²½ν—˜λ“€μ€
02:37
is ultimately produced by brain systems
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ꢁ극적으둜 λ‡Œκ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Έ κ±°κ³ μš”.
02:41
that assume a spectrum of different states.
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λ‹€ν–₯ν•œ μƒνƒœμ˜ λ²”μœ„λ§μ΄μ£ .
02:45
So again, what does it mean to be normal,
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄, μ •μƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 건 무엇이고
02:48
and what does it mean to be sick,
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μ•„ν”„λ‹€λŠ” 건 λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
02:50
when sickness exists on the extreme end of a spectrum of normal?
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아픔이 μ •μƒμ΄λΌλŠ” λ²”μœ„ μ •λ°˜λŒ€μ— μœ„μΉ˜ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œμš”.
02:57
As both a researcher who studies differences in how individuals' brains
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μ €λŠ” 개개인의 λ‡Œκ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 풀리고 μ–½νžˆλŠ” 지
03:01
wire and rewire themselves,
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μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μ—°κ΅¬μžλ‘œμ„œ
03:03
and as a Touretter with other related diagnoses,
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그리고 νˆ¬λ › 증후ꡰ과 λ‹€λ₯Έ 합병증을 μ•“κ³ μžˆλŠ” ν™˜μžλ‘œμ„œ
03:06
I have long been fascinated by failures of self-regulation
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자기쑰절 μ‹€νŒ¨λΌλŠ” μ£Όμ œμ— λ§€λ£Œλ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:11
on the impulsive and compulsive behavioral spectrums.
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좩동적이고 강박적인 행동 λ²”μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œμš”.
03:15
Because so much of my own experience of my own body
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λ°”λ‘œ 제 λͺΈμ—μ„œ κ²ͺμ–΄μ˜¨ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ κ²½ν—˜λ“€κ³Ό
03:19
and my own behavior
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제 행동듀이
03:20
has existed all over that map.
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μ „λΆ€ κ·Έ 지도 μ•ˆμ— μžˆμ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
03:25
So with the spotlight on the opioid crisis,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ•„νŽΈ μœ„κΈ°μ— 이λͺ©μ΄ μ§‘μ€‘λœ μš”μ¦˜
03:31
I've really found myself wondering lately:
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이런 생각을 ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:35
Where on the spectrum of unvoluntary behavior
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λΉ„μžλ°œμ  ν–‰λ™μ˜ λ²”μ£Όμ•ˆμ—μ„œ
03:38
do we put something like abusing opioid painkillers or heroin?
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μ•„νŽΈ μ§„ν†΅μ œλ‚˜ ν—€λ‘œμΈκ°™μ€ λ§ˆμ•½μ„ λ‚¨μš©ν•˜λŠ” 건 어디에 ν•΄λ‹Ήλ κΉŒ?
03:45
By now, we all know that the opioid crisis and epidemic is out of control.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ•„νŽΈμœ„κΈ°μ™€ 확산이 ν†΅μ œλΆˆλŠ₯ν•œ μƒνƒœκ°€ 됐죠.
03:52
Ninety-one people die every day in this country from overdose.
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미ꡭ에선 ν•˜λ£¨μ— 91λͺ…이 κ³Όλ‹€λ³΅μš©μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
And between 2002 and 2015,
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그리고 2002λ…„ κ³Ό 2015λ…„ 사이
03:58
the number of deaths from heroin increased by a factor of six.
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ν—€λ‘œμΈμœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ 사망은 6배둜 μ¦κ°€ν–ˆκ³ μš”.
04:04
And something about the way that we treat addiction isn't working,
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이건 쀑독 치료의 방법이 잘λͺ» 됐단 뜻이겠죠.
04:08
at least not for everyone.
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적어도 λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μžˆμ§„ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
04:11
It is a fact that people suffering from addiction
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μ€‘λ…μœΌλ‘œ κ΄΄λ‘œμ›Œν•˜λŠ” 이듀은
04:15
have lost free will
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자유 μ˜μ§€λ₯Ό μžƒμ€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
when it comes to their behavior around drugs, alcohol, food
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μ•½λ¬Όμ΄λ‚˜ 술, μŒμ‹λ“±κ³Ό 같이
04:23
or other reward-system stimulating behaviors.
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보상 λ°›λŠ” λŠλ‚Œμ„ 자극 ν•˜λŠ” 행동에 κ΄€ν•΄μ„œμš”.
04:26
That addiction is a brain-based disease state
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μ€‘λ…μ΄λž€ λ‡Œμ— κΈ°λ°˜ν•œ μ§ˆλ³‘μ˜ μƒνƒœμ˜ˆμš”.
04:30
is a medical, neurobiological reality.
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μ˜ν•™μ , 그리고 신경생물학적 ν˜„μ‹€μ΄μ£ .
04:35
But how we relate to that disease --
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έ μ§ˆλ³‘μ— λ‹€κ°€κ°€λŠ” 방법,
04:38
indeed, how we relate to the concept of disease when it comes to addiction --
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ μ§ˆλ³‘κ³Ό 쀑독을 μ—°κ΄€μ‹œμΌœ μ ‘κ·Όν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€λ©΄
04:43
makes an enormous difference for how we treat people with addictions.
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μ€‘λ…μΉ˜λ£Œμ— 큰 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό 쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
So, we tend to think of pretty much everything we do as entirely voluntary.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μžμ‹ μ΄ ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  행동듀이 μ „λΆ€ 자발적이라 μƒκ°ν•˜μ£ .
04:55
But it turns out that the brain's default state
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•Œκ³ λ³΄λ©΄ κ°€λ§Œνžˆ μžˆμ„ λ•Œ 우리의 λ‡ŒλŠ”
04:57
is really more like a car idling in drive than a car in park.
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μ£Όμ°¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” 차라기 λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” κ³΅νšŒμ „ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 차에 κ°€κΉŒμ›Œμš”.
05:04
Some of what we think we choose to do
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ„ νƒν•΄μ„œ ν•˜λŠ” 행동듀이
05:07
is actually things that we have become programmed to do
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사싀은 λ¨Έλ¦Ώ 속에 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ν™” λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” κ±°μ£ . 브레이크 νŽ˜λ‹¬μ—μ„œ λ°œμ„ λ–Όλ©΄
05:11
when the brakes are released.
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μ°¨κ°€ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ κ°€λ“― λ§μ˜ˆμš”.
05:14
Have you ever joked that your brain was running on autopilot?
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λ‡Œκ°€ μžλ™μ‘°μ’… λͺ¨λ“œλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 농담 해보신 적 μžˆμœΌμ„Έμš”?
05:20
Guess what?
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ν˜Ήμ‹œ μ•Œμ•„μš”?
05:21
It probably was.
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정말 κ·ΈλŸ΄μ§€λ„ λͺ°λΌμš”.
05:23
OK?
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κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
05:25
And the brain's autopilot is in a structure called the striatum.
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λ‡Œ 속에 μžλ™μ‘°μ’…μ‚¬λŠ”, "선쑰체"λΌλŠ” λΆ€μœ„ μ•ˆμ— μžˆμ–΄μš”.
05:31
So the striatum detects emotional and sensory motor conditions
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이것이 감정적, 그리고 감각적 μš΄λ™μ˜ 쑰건을 감지해내고
05:40
and it knows to trigger whatever behavior you have done most often
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제일 자주 ν–ˆμ—ˆλ˜ 행동을 μœ λ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:46
in the past under those same conditions.
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과거의 같은 쑰건에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
05:51
Do you know why I became a neuroscientist?
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μ œκ°€ μ™œ λ‡Œκ³Όν•™μžκ°€ λμ„κΉŒμš”?
05:55
Because I wanted to learn what made me tick.
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λ‚œ λŒ€μ²΄ μ™œ 틱이 μžˆλ‚˜ν•΄μ„œ μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
05:57
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:00
Thank you, thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:01
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:03
I've been wanting to use that one in front of an audience for years.
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이 농담 μ–Έμ  κ°€ κΌ­ ν•œλ²ˆ 해보고 μ‹Άμ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
06:06
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
06:08
So in graduate school, I studied genetic factors
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λŒ€ν•™μ› 닀닐 λ•Œ μœ μ „μ μš”μΈμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ κ³΅λΆ€ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:11
that orchestrate wiring to the striatum during development.
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λ‡Œκ°€ λ°œλ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ 선쑰체가 λ°°μ„ λ˜λŠ” 과정에 κ΄€ν•΄μ„œμš”
06:16
And yes, that is my former license plate.
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제 μ°¨ λ²ˆν˜ΈνŒμ΄μ˜ˆμš”.
06:20
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:21
And for the record, I don't recommend
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박사과정 ν•™μƒλ“€ν•œν…Œ ν•œκ°€μ§€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬μžλ©΄μš”.
06:23
any PhD student get a license plate with their thesis topic printed on it,
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μ›¬λ§Œν•˜λ©΄ λ…Όλ¬Έμ£Όμ œλŠ” μ°¨λ²ˆν˜ΈνŒμ— μƒˆκΈ°μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
06:27
unless they're prepared for their experiments not to work
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μ˜€λž˜λ™μ•ˆ λ¬Όκ³  λŠ˜μ–΄μ§ˆ μ€€λΉ„κ°€ λ˜μ–΄μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λ©΄ 말이죠.
06:30
for the next two years.
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2λ…„ λ„˜λ„λ‘μš”.
06:31
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:32
I eventually did figure it out.
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μ „ κ²°κ΅­ μ•Œμ•„λƒˆμ–΄μš”.
06:34
So, my experiments were exploring how miswiring in the striatum
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제 μ‹€ν—˜μ€ νšŒλ‘œκ°€ 엉킨 μ„ μ‘°μ²΄μ˜ λ‚΄λΆ€κ°€
06:39
relates to compulsive behaviors.
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좩동적인 행동과 μ–΄λ–€ 연관이 μžˆλŠ” 지에 λŒ€ν•œ κ±°μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
06:41
Meaning, behaviors that are coerced
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행동이 μ••λ°•λ°›λŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 뜻이죠.
06:44
by uncomfortable urges you can't consciously resist.
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μ˜μ‹μ μœΌλ‘  ν†΅μ œκ°€ λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ λΆˆνŽΈν•œ μž¬μ΄‰μ— μ˜ν•΄μ„œμš”.
06:48
So I was really excited when my mice developed
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 제 μ‹€ν—˜μš© μ₯κ°€
06:52
this compulsive behavior,
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좩동적인 행동을 ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ μ•„μ£Ό 기뻀죠.
06:54
where they were rubbing their faces and they couldn't seem to stop,
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얼꡴을 문지λ₯΄λŠ” κ±Έ λ©ˆμΆ”μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:57
even when they were wounding themselves.
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μƒμ²˜κ°€ λ‚˜λŠ”λ°λ„ λ§μ΄μ—μš”.
06:59
OK, excited is the wrong word,
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사싀 기뻀닀기 보단
07:02
I actually felt terrible for them.
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μ°Έ λ”±ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
07:06
I thought that they had tics, evidence of striatal miswiring.
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ν‹±μž₯μ• κ°€ μžˆλŠ” 쀄 μ•Œμ•˜μ–΄μš”. 선쑰체가 잘λͺ» 엉켰단 증거인데
07:11
And they were compulsive,
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좩동적이기도 ν•˜μ£ .
07:13
but it turned out, on further testing,
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더 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν•΄λ³΄λ‹ˆ
07:17
that these mice showed an aversion to interacting
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이 μ₯λ“€μ€ μ„œλ‘œ κ°„ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ— ν˜μ˜€κ°μ„ ν‘œν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
07:22
and getting to know other unfamiliar mice.
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μ΅μˆ™μ§€ μ•Šμ€ κ°œμ²΄λ“€μ„ μ•Œκ²Œλ˜λŠ” 과정도 말이죠.
07:24
Which was unusual, it was unexpected.
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λ“œλ¬Έ 일이죠. μ˜ˆμƒ λ°–μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
07:26
The results implied that the striatum,
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이 κ²°κ³Όκ°€ μ‹œμ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” λ°”λŠ”
07:29
which, for sure, is involved in compulsive-spectrum disorders,
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μ„ μ‘°μ²΄λŠ” λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ 좩동 μž₯애와 연관이 μžˆμ„ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
07:32
is also involved in human social connection and our ability to --
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬νšŒμ μœΌλ‘œ μ΄μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 것과
07:38
not human social connection, but our ability to connect.
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그것과 κ΄€λ ¨λœ λŠ₯λ ₯에도 관련이 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
07:44
So I delved deeper,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 더 깊게 νŒŒλ΄€μ–΄μš”.
07:46
into a field called social neuroscience.
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"μ‚¬νšŒμ‹ κ²½κ³Όν•™"μ΄λΌλŠ” 뢄야에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œμš”.
07:49
And that is a newer, interdisciplinary field,
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μƒˆλ‘­κ³  λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 학문을 ν¬ν•¨ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 뢄야인데
07:51
and there I found reports that linked the striatum
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선쑰체에 κ΄€λ ¨λœ μžλ£Œλ“€μ„ μ°Ύμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:54
not just to social anomalies in mice,
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μ₯λ“€κ°„μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ  λ³€μΉ™ λΏλ§Œμ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
07:57
but also in people.
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μ‚¬λžŒμ— κ΄€ν•œ μžλ£Œλ“€λ„ 말이죠.
07:59
As it turns out, the social neurochemistry in the striatum
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μ„ μ‘°μ²΄μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ  μ‹ κ²½ν™”ν•™μž‘μš©μ€
08:06
is linked to things you've probably already heard of.
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μ•„λ§ˆ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 듀어보신 것듀과 관련이 μžˆμ„ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
08:10
Like oxytocin,
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μ˜₯μ‹œν† μ‹  κ°™μ΄μš”.
08:12
which is that hormone that makes cuddling feel all warm and fuzzy.
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κ»΄μ•ˆμ„ λ•Œ λ”°λœ»ν•¨κ³Ό μ•„λŠ‘ν•¨μ„ 느끼게 ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” 호λ₯΄λͺ¬μ΄μ£ .
08:17
But it also implicates signaling at opioid receptors.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•„νŽΈ μˆ˜μš©μ²΄μ— μ‹ ν˜Έν•˜λŠ” 원인이기도 ν•΄μš”.
08:21
There are naturally occurring opioids in your brain
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μ˜₯μ‹œν† μ‹ μ€ 우리 λ‡Œμ—μ„œ μžμ—°μ μœΌλ‘œ μƒκΈ°λŠ” μ•„νŽΈμΈλ°
08:24
that are deeply linked to social processes.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ μœΌλ‘œ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” 데 깊게 κ΄€μ—¬ λ˜μ–΄ 있죠.
08:30
Experiments with naloxone, which blocks opioid receptors,
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μ•„νŽΈ 수용체λ₯Ό λ§‰μ•„μ£ΌλŠ” "날둝손"으둜 μ‹€ν—˜ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό,
08:35
show us just how essential this opioid-receptor signaling is
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μ•„νŽΈμˆ˜μš©μ²΄λ₯Ό μ‹ ν˜Έν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„μ£Ό μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것이 증λͺ…λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:40
to social interaction.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œμš”.
08:45
When people are given naloxone -- it's an ingredient in Narcan,
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"λ‚˜λ₯΄μΉΈ"의 μ£Ό 재료인 날둝손을 νˆ¬μ—¬ν•˜κ²Œ 되면
08:50
that reverses opioid overdoses to save lives.
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μ•„νŽΈ κ³Όλ‹€λ³΅μš©μ„ 막아주어 λͺ©μˆ¨μ„ 살릴 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:53
But when it's given to healthy people,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것을 κ±΄κ°•ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ νˆ¬μ—¬ν–ˆμ„ 땐
08:55
it actually interfered with their ability to feel connected
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ μœΌλ‘œ 이어져 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” λŠλ‚Œμ„ ν—€μ³€μ–΄μš”.
08:59
to people they already knew and cared about.
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이미 μ•Œκ³  지내며 μ•„λΌλ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 말이죠.
09:03
So, something about not having opioid-receptor binding
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ μ•„νŽΈ 수용체의 λΆ€μ œκ°€
09:09
makes it difficult for us to feel the rewards of social interaction.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λŠλΌλŠ” 보상을 느끼기 μ–΄λ ΅κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
09:14
Now, for the interest of time,
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κ°•μ—° μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ‹¨μΆ•μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
09:15
I've necessarily gotten rid of some of the scientific details,
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ 과학적인 세뢀사항듀은 μƒλž΅ν–ˆλŠ”λ°μš”
09:18
but briefly, here's where we're at.
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λŒ€λž΅ 이 μ •λ„λ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:22
The effects of social disconnection through opioid receptors,
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μ•„νŽΈ μˆ˜μš©μ²΄μ— μ˜ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ  λ‹¨μ ˆμ˜ 효과
09:26
the effects of addictive drugs
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쀑독적인 λ§ˆμ•½μ˜ 효과
09:28
and the effects of abnormal neurotransmission
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그리고 비정상적인 μ‹ κ²½μ „λ‹¬μ˜ νš¨κ³Όκ°€
09:31
on involuntary movements and compulsive behaviors
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λΉ„μžλ°œμ  μ›€μ§μž„κ³Ό 좩동적인 행동듀에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ”λ°,
09:33
all converge in the striatum.
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λͺ¨λ‘ 선쑰체와 κ΄€λ ¨λ˜μ–΄μžˆμ–΄μš”.
09:38
And the striatum and opioid signaling in it
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그리고 선쑰체와 λ‚΄λΆ€μ—μ„œ μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό μ£ΌλŠ” μ•„νŽΈμ„±λΆ„μ€
09:42
has been deeply linked with loneliness.
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μ™Έλ‘œμ›€κ³Ό 깊게 μ—°κ΄€λ˜μ–΄ 있죠.
09:48
When we don't have enough signaling at opioid receptors,
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μ•„νŽΈ μˆ˜μš©μ²΄κ°€ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ°›κ³  μžˆμ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λ©΄
09:52
we can feel alone in a room full of people we care about and love, who love us.
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μ‚¬λž‘ν•˜κ³  μ•„λΌλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ‘˜λŸ¬ μŒ“μ—¬μžˆλ”λΌλ„ μ™Έλ‘œμšΈ 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
09:58
Social neuroscientists, like Dr. Cacioppo at the University of Chicago,
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μ‹œμΉ΄κ³  λŒ€ν•™μ˜ Cacioppo λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜κ°™μ€ μ‹œνšŒμ‹ κ²½κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€
10:03
have discovered that loneliness is very dangerous.
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μ™Έλ‘œμ›€μ΄ μ•„μ£Ό μœ„ν—˜ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:06
And it predisposes people
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μ·¨μ•½ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μš”.
10:08
to entire spectrums of physical and mental illnesses.
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신체적, 정신적 μ§ˆλ³‘μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 말이죠.
10:16
Think of it like this: when you're at your hungriest,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”. λ°°κ°€ 정말 κ³ ν”„λ©΄
10:19
pretty much any food tastes amazing, right?
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뭘 먹어도 λ§›μžˆκ²Œ λŠκ»΄μž–μ•„μš”?
10:23
So similarly, loneliness creates a hunger in the brain
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λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ λ§₯락으둜, μ™Έλ‘œμ›€μ€ λ‡Œλ₯Ό ꡢ주리게 λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
10:27
which neurochemically hypersensitizes our reward system.
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μ‹ κ²½ν™”ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ 보상체계λ₯Ό κ³Όλ―Όλ°˜μ‘ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ²„λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:34
And social isolation acts through receptors
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  고립은 수용체λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ”λ°,
10:37
for these naturally occurring opioids and other social neurotransmitters
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μžμ—°μ μœΌλ‘œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” μ•„νŽΈμ„±λΆ„κ³Ό μ‚¬νšŒμƒν™œμ— ν•„μš”ν•œ μ‹ κ²½μ „λ‹¬λ¬Όμ§ˆμ΄
10:41
to leave the striatum in a state
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μ„ μ‘°μ²΄μ˜ μƒνƒœμ— λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:43
where its response to things that signal reward and pleasure
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쾌락과 보상심리에 λŒ€ν•œ λ°˜μ‘μ΄
10:47
is completely, completely over the top.
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κ·Ήλͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ λ―Όκ°ν•΄μ Έμš”.
10:51
And in this state of hypersensitivity,
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이런 κ³Όλ―Όν•œ μƒνƒœμ—μ„œλŠ”
10:54
our brains signal deep dissatisfaction.
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우리의 λ‡ŒλŠ” μ‹¬ν•œ λΆˆλ§Œμ‘±μ„ λŠλ‚λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:59
We become restless, irritable and impulsive.
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μ•ˆμ ˆλΆ€μ ˆ λͺ»ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ§œμ¦λ‚˜κ³ , 또 μΆ©λ™μ μœΌλ‘œ λ³€ν•΄μš”.
11:05
And that's pretty much when I want you to keep the bowl of Halloween chocolate
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μ œκ°€ 이런 μƒνƒœμΈ κ±Έ λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄ ν• λ‘œμœˆ λ•Œ 사놓은 μ΄ˆμ½œλ › μ’€ μˆ¨κ²¨μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
11:09
entirely across the room for me, because I will eat it all.
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μ €ν•œν…Œμ„œ μ•„μ£Ό λ©€λ¦¬μš”. μ œκ°€ λ‹€ 먹어버릴 κ±°κ±°λ“ μš”.
11:12
I will.
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μ§„μ‹¬μ΄μ˜ˆμš”.
11:13
And that brings up another thing that makes social disconnection
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이 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬νšŒμ  λ‹¨μ ˆμ„ μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:17
so dangerous.
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ꡉμž₯히 μœ„ν—˜ν•΄μš”.
11:19
If we don't have the ability to connect socially,
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μ‚¬νšŒμ μœΌλ‘œ μ†Œν†΅ν•  λŠ₯λ ₯이 μ—†λ‹€λ©΄
11:21
we are so ravenous for our social neurochemistry to be rebalanced,
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우린 μ‚¬νšŒμ  μ‹ κ²½μ „λ‹¬λ¬Όμ§ˆμ˜ μž¬κ· ν˜•μ„ κ°ˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:26
we're likely to seek relief from anywhere.
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방식을 가리지 μ•Šκ³  μ•ˆλ„κ°μ„ 찾게 되죠.
11:28
And if that anywhere is opioid painkillers or heroin,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹€ ν–‰μ—¬ μ•„νŽΈλ₯˜ μ§„ν†΅μ œλ‚˜ ν—€λ‘œμΈμ— 손을 λŒ€κ²Œλ˜λ©΄
11:34
it is going to be a heat-seeking missile for our social reward system.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  보상을 μ«“λŠ” 적외선 μœ λ„ 미사일과도 κ°™μ•„μ Έμš”.
11:42
Is it any wonder people in today's world are becoming addicted so easily?
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ν˜„λŒ€μΈλ“€μ΄ μ™œ 그리 μ‰½κ²Œ μ€‘λ…λ˜λŠ” 지 μ•„μ‹œκ² μ£ ?
11:51
Social isolation --
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  고립은
11:56
excuse me --
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μ£„μ†‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:59
contributes to relapse.
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μž¬λ°œμ„ μœ λ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:01
Studies have shown that people who tend to avoid relapse
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연ꡬ에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄, μž¬λ°œμ„ κ²ͺ지 μ•ŠλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
12:06
tend to be people who have broad, reciprocal social relationships
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λ„“κ³  μƒν˜Έμ μΈ 인λ§₯을 가지고 μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•΄μš”.
12:10
where they can be of service to each other,
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μ„œλ‘œμ—κ²Œ μœ μš©ν•˜κ³ 
12:12
where they can be helpful.
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도움을 μ£ΌλŠ” 관계말이죠.
12:14
Being of service lets people connect.
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도움을 μ£ΌλŠ” ν–‰μœ„λŠ” μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό μ΄μ–΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:18
So --
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ
12:21
if we don't have the ability to authentically connect,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§„μ‹€λœ 마음으둜 μ΄μ–΄μ§ˆ λŠ₯λ ₯을 μžƒκ²Œλ˜λ©΄
12:27
our society increasingly lacks this ability to authentically connect
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우리 μ‚¬νšŒλŠ” 점점 고립되고
12:33
and experience things that are transcendent and beyond ourselves.
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νž˜λ“€κ³  λ²„κ±°μš΄ κ²½ν—˜λ“€μ„ ν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:37
We used to get this transcendence
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ΄ˆμ›”κ°μ„
12:39
from a feeling of belonging to our families and our communities.
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κ°€μ‘±κ³Ό 곡동체에 μ†Œμ†λ˜λŠ” λ°μ„œ 느끼곀 ν–ˆμ£ .
12:42
But everywhere, communities are changing.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 곡동체듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ λ°”λ€Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:45
And social and economic disintegration is making this harder and harder.
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그리고 μ‚¬νšŒμ , 경제적 λΆ•κ΄΄κ°€ 이λ₯Ό 점점 μ•…ν™”μ‹œν‚€κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
12:54
I'm not the only person to point out
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이 뢀뢄은 μ € 혼자만 지적 ν•˜λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:56
that the areas in the country most economically hard hit,
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경제적으둜 어렀움을 κ²ͺλŠ” μ§€λ°©μ—μ„œλŠ”
13:00
where people feel most desolate about their life's meaning,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 인생을 ν™©νν•˜λ‹€κ³  λŠλΌλŠ” 점 말이죠.
13:03
are also the places
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 곳도 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ˜ˆμš”.
13:06
where there have been communities most ravaged by opioids.
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이λ₯Ό ν…Œλ©΄ μ•„νŽΈμ€‘λ…μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œλ‹¬λ Έλ˜ 곡동체가 λ§Žμ€ κ³³λ“€ λ§μ˜ˆμš”.
13:14
Social isolation acts through the brain's reward system
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  고립은 우리 λ‡Œμ˜ 보상체계에 영ν–₯을 μ€˜μš”.
13:17
to make this state of affairs literally painful.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 상황듀을 μ•„μ£Ό κ³ ν†΅μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ²„λ €μš”.
13:21
So perhaps it's this pain, this loneliness,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 우린 κ³ ν†΅μ΄λ‚˜ μ™Έλ‘œμ›€,
13:26
this despondence
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ν˜Ήμ€ 낙담을 λŠλ‚„ λ•Œ
13:29
that's driving so many of us to connect with whatever we can.
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λŒ€μƒμ΄ 뭐가 됐든 κ·Έμ € κ°€κΉŒμ›Œ 지렀고 ν•΄μš”.
13:33
Like food.
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이λ₯Όν…Œλ©΄ μŒμ‹μ΄λ‚˜
13:35
Like handheld electronics.
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손에 λ“€μ–΄μ˜€λŠ” μ „μž μ œν’ˆλ“€ 말이죠.
13:38
And for too many people, to drugs like heroin and fentanyl.
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ ν—€λ‘œμΈμ΄λ‚˜ νŽœνƒ€λ‹ 같은 약에 손을 λŒ€κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:41
I know someone who overdosed, who was revived by Narcan,
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μ•½λ¬Ό κ³Όλ‹€λ³΅μš©ν–ˆλ‹€κ°€ λ‚˜λ₯΄μΉΈμœΌλ‘œ λͺ©μˆ¨μ„ 건진 μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ•„λŠ”λ°
13:46
and she was mostly angry that she wasn't simply allowed to die.
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λ§ˆμŒλŒ€λ‘œ 죽지 λͺ»ν–ˆλ‹¨ 사싀에 λΆ„κ°œ ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
13:50
Imagine for a second how that feels, that state of hopelessness, OK?
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기뢄이 어떨지 μž μ‹œ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”. μ ˆλ§μ— 빠진 μƒνƒœ λ§μ˜ˆμš”.
13:55
But the striatum is also a source of hope.
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μ„ μ‘°μ²΄λŠ” 희망의 μ›μ²œμ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:00
Because the striatum gives us a clue of how to bring people back.
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μ„ μ‘°μ²΄λŠ” 우릴 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό λ‹€μ‹œ κ°€κΉŒμ›Œμ§€κ²Œ ν•  수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—μš”.
14:05
So, remember that the striatum is our autopilot,
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μ„ μ‘°μ²΄λŠ” 우리의 "μžλ™μ‘°μ’…μž₯치" λΌλŠ” κ±Έ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
14:08
running our behaviors on habit,
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우리의 행동을 μŠ΅κ΄€ν™”μ‹œν‚€ν‚€λ„ ν•΄μš”.
14:10
and it's possible to rewire, to reprogram that autopilot,
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μž¬κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ λ‹€μ‹œ μ„€μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것도 κ°€λŠ₯ν•΄μš”.
14:14
but it involves neuroplasticity.
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"μ‹ κ²½κ°€μ†Œμ„±"κ³Ό μ—°κ΄€λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:16
So, neuroplasticity is the ability of brains
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"μ‹ κ²½κ°€μ†Œμ„±"μ΄λž€, λ‡Œκ°€ 가지고 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯μ΄μ—μš”.
14:19
to reprogram themselves,
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λ‡Œ 자체적으둜 μž¬κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜κ³ ,
14:21
and rewire themselves, so we can learn new things.
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μž¬μ„€κ³„λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”. μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ±Έ 배울 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 말이죠.
14:24
And maybe you've heard the classic adage of plasticity:
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κ°€μ†Œμ„±μ— κ΄€ν•œ 유λͺ…ν•œ 속담 듀어보셨을 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
14:27
neurons that fire together, wire together.
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"같이 λ°˜μ‘ν•˜λŠ” 신경듀은 끼리끼리 μ—°κ²°λœλ‹€."
14:30
Right?
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λ§žλŠ” 말이죠?
14:31
So we need to practice social connective behaviors
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 우린 μ‚¬νšŒμ μœΌλ‘œ 더 κ°€κΉŒμ›Œ 질 수 μžˆλŠ” 행동을 μ΅ν˜€μ•Όν•΄μš”.
14:35
instead of compulsive behaviors, when we're lonely,
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좩동적인 행동 λŒ€μ‹ μ— 말이죠. 마치 μ™Έλ‘œμšΈ λ•Œ
14:38
when we are cued to remember our drug.
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λ§ˆμ•½μ΄ μƒκ°λ‚˜λŠ” 것과 κ°™μ΄μš”.
14:45
We need neuronally firing repeated experiences
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우린 반볡적으둜 신경을 μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν—˜μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:49
in order for the striatum to undergo that necessary neuroplasticity
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선쑰체가 μ‹ κ²½κ°€μ†Œμ„±μ„ 띄기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
14:53
that allows it to take that "go find heroin" autopilot offline.
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"ν—€λ‘œμΈ ꡬ해와"라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” μžλ™μ‘°λ™μž₯치λ₯Ό λ„λŠ” 것과 κ°™μ•„μš”.
14:59
And what the convergence of social neuroscience, addiction
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선쑰체 λ‚΄λΆ€μ—μ„œμ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ‹ κ²½κ³Όν•™, 쀑독,
15:04
and compulsive-spectrum disorders in the striatum suggests
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그리고 좩동μž₯μ• λŠ”
15:06
is that it's not simply enough
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κ·Έμ € μΆ©λΆ„μΉ˜κ°€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:08
to teach the striatum healthier responses to compulsive urges.
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좩동적인 행동을 μ œμ–΄ν•¨μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œμš”.
15:12
We need social impulses to replace drug-cued compulsive behaviors,
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λ§ˆμ•½κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ 좩동적인 행동은, μ‚¬νšŒμ μΈ μΆ©λ™μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:17
because we need to rebalance, neurochemically, our social reward system.
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μ‹ κ²½ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ 우리의 λ³΄μƒμ²΄κ³„μ˜ κ· ν˜•μ„ λ§žμΆ°μ•Ό ν•˜κ±°λ“ μš”.
15:24
And unless that happens,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄
15:25
we're going to be left in a state of craving.
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항상 λ­”κ°€ κ°ˆκ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μƒνƒœμ— λ†“μ΄κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:28
No matter what besides our drug we repeatedly practice doing.
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μ–΄λ– ν•œ λ…Έλ ₯을 ν•˜λ”λΌλ„ 말이죠.
15:37
I believe that the solution to the opioid crisis
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μ•„νŽΈ μœ„κΈ°λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„ 
15:42
is to explore how social and psychospiritual interventions
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μ‚¬νšŒμ , 심리 정신적인 해결책이
15:46
can act as neurotechnologies in circuits
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μ‹ κ²½κΈ°μˆ μ˜ 회둜의 ν•œ 뢀뢄이 λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ΄μš”.
15:50
that process social and drug-induced rewards.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ , 그리고 λ§ˆμ•½κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ 보상에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œμš”.
15:54
One possibility is to create and study scalable tools
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ν•œκ°€μ§€ κ°€λŠ₯성은 μΈ‘μ • κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 도ꡬλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
15:59
for people to connect with one another
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ„œλ‘œμ™€ μ΄μ–΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆκ²Œμš”.
16:02
over a mutual interest
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κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ” 관심사λ₯Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ.
16:04
in recovery through psychospiritual practices.
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심리정신적인 κ΄€λ‘€λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ 치료인 μ…ˆμ΄μ£ .
16:06
And as such, psychospiritual practice could involve anything
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심리정신적인 방법은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
16:09
from people getting together as megafans of touring jam bands,
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λ°΄λ“œμŒμ•…μ„ μ‚¬λž‘ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λΌλ¦¬ λ­‰μΉ˜κ±°λ‚˜,
16:14
or parkour jams, featuring shared experiences of vulnerability
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μ·¨μ•½μ μ΄λ‚˜ 개인적인 μ„±μž₯을 κ³΅μœ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
16:18
and personal growth,
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파쿠λ₯΄ λͺ¨μž„μ΄λ‚˜,
16:20
or more conventional things, like recovery yoga meetups,
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μ’€ 더 보수적인 면은 μž¬ν™œ μš”κ°€κ°€ 있겠죠.
16:23
or meetings centered around more traditional conceptions
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ν˜Ήμ€ 쒀더 전톡적인 κ°œλ…μ˜ λͺ¨μž„을 κ°€μ§ˆ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
16:26
of spiritual experiences.
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영적인 κ²½ν—˜μ„ λ‚˜λˆ„λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
16:28
But whatever it is,
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그것이 무엇이 됐든 간에
16:30
it needs to activate
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ν™œμ„±ν™” μ‹œμΌœμ•Όν•΄μš”.
16:32
all of the neurotransmitter systems in the striatum
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선쑰체 λ‚΄λΆ€μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μ‹ κ²½μ „λ‹¬λ¬Όμ§ˆλ“€ 쀑
16:35
that are involved in processing social connection.
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우릴 μ‚¬νšŒμ μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ£ΌλŠ” λΆ€λΆ„ 말이죠.
16:41
Social media can't go deep enough for this.
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SNSλŠ” 이 μ •λ„λ‘œ κΉŠμ–΄μ§ˆ μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μ–΄μš”.
16:43
Social media doesn't so much encourage us to share,
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SNSλŠ” μ„œλ‘œ κ³΅μœ ν•˜κΈ°λ³΄λ‹€
16:47
as it does to compare.
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λΉ„κ΅ν•˜κ²Œ 되기 쉽죠.
16:48
It's the difference between having superficial small talk with someone
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얄은 μž‘λ‹΄μ΄λ‚˜ λ‚˜λˆ„λŠ” 것과
16:53
and authentic, deeply connected conversation with eye contact.
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λˆˆμ„ 마주치며 μ§„μ •μ„±μžˆλŠ” κΉŠμ€ λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ„λŠ” κ²ƒμ˜ 차이죠.
16:58
And stigma also keeps us separate.
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낙인 λ˜ν•œ 우리λ₯Ό κ³ λ¦½μ‹œμΌœμš”.
17:01
There's a lot of evidence that it keeps us sick.
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우릴 λ³‘λ“€κ²Œ ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 증거가 많이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:05
And stigma often makes it safer for addicts to connect with other addicts.
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그리고 낙인은 μ€‘λ…μžλ“€ 끼리 λ­‰μΉ˜κΈ° μ‰½κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μš”.
17:10
But recovery groups centered around reestablishing social connections
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‚¬νšŒμ μΈ 연결을 λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•œ μž¬ν™œ λͺ¨μž„은
17:15
could certainly be inclusive of people who are seeking recovery
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λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ μž¬ν™œν•˜λ €λŠ” 이듀을 ν¬ν•¨ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„ 것이고
17:20
for a range of mental health problems.
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κ°œμ€‘μ—” 정신과적인 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ μžˆμ„ κ±°μ—μš”.
17:24
My point is, when we connect around what's broken,
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제 μš”μ§€λŠ”, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ 면을 μ±„μš°λ €κ³  μ„œλ‘œμ™€ κ°€κΉŒμ›Œμ§€λ©΄
17:29
we connect as human beings.
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μ‚¬λžŒ λŒ€ μ‚¬λžŒμœΌλ‘œ μ΄μ–΄μ§€κ²Œ λœλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:33
We heal ourselves from the compulsive self-destruction
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우린 좩동적인 μžκΈ°νŒŒκ΄΄λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μžκ°€ 치유λ₯Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:39
that was our response to the pain of disconnection.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  λ‹¨μ ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ λ°˜μ‘μΈκ±°μ£ .
17:44
When we think of neuropsychiatric illnesses as a spectrum of phenomenon
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신경정신적 μ§ˆν™˜μ΄ 우릴 μΈκ°„μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ£ΌλŠ”
17:50
that are part of what make us human,
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ν˜„μƒμ˜ λ²”μ£Όμ•ˆμ— λ“ λ‹€κ³  보면,
17:53
then we remove the otherness of people who struggle with self-destruction.
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자기파괴둜 κ΄΄λ‘œμ›Œν•˜λŠ” 이듀을 더 이상 μ°¨λ³„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:57
We remove the stigma
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낙인을 μ—†μ• λŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
18:01
between doctors and patients and caregivers.
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μ˜μ‚¬, ν™˜μž, 그리고 λŒλ΄μ£ΌλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œμš”.
18:05
We put the question of what it means to be normal versus sick
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 무엇이 정상이고 μ•„ν”ˆ 건지 μ˜λ¬Έμ„ ν’ˆμ—ˆμž–μ•„μš”.
18:11
back on the spectrum of the human condition.
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μΈκ°„μœΌλ‘œμ¨μ˜ λ²”μ£Όμ•ˆμ—μ„œμš”.
18:14
And it is on that spectrum where we can all connect
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그리고 κ·Έ λ²”μ£Όμ•ˆμ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ„œλ‘œ 이어지고
18:19
and seek healing together, for all of our struggles with humanness.
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인간이기에 λŠλΌλŠ” 같이 치유 받을 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
18:24
Thank you for letting me share.
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κ°•μ—°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 기회λ₯Ό μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:26
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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