To save the climate, we have to reimagine capitalism | Rebecca Henderson

86,952 views ใƒป 2020-11-11

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Transcriber: TED Translators Admin Reviewer: Rhonda Jacobs
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Anna Ryu ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jina LEE
00:12
I am a tree hugger.
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์ €๋Š” ํŠธ๋ฆฌ ํ—ˆ๊ฑฐ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€์˜ˆ์š”.
00:14
I spent much of my childhood
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„
00:16
on the great lower limb of a massive copper beech,
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์›…์žฅํ•œ ๋„ˆ๋„๋ฐค๋‚˜๋ฌด ์•„๋ž˜ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ์œ„์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
00:19
alternately reading and looking up at the sky through its branches.
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์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ญ‡๊ฐ€์ง€๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:23
I felt safe and cared for
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์ „ ์•ˆ์ •๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉฐ ๋ณด์‚ดํ•Œ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜๊ณ 
00:25
and connected to something infinitely larger than myself.
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์ œ ์ž์‹ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์••๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ์–ด์š”.
00:28
I thought the trees were immortal, that they would always be here.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ์˜์›๋ถˆ๋ฉธํ•ด์„œ, ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:34
But I was wrong.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ‹€๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
00:35
The trees are dying.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€ ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:37
Climate change is killing the cedars of Lebanon
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ ˆ๋ฐ”๋…ผ์˜ ํ–ฅ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค๊ณผ
00:40
and the forests of the American West.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„œ๋ถ€์˜ ์ˆฒ๋“ค์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:43
And it's not just the trees.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
00:45
Since 1998, extreme heat has killed more than 160,000 people,
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1998๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฌด๋”์œ„๊ฐ€ 16๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฃฝ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
00:51
and unchecked climate change could kill millions more.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋ช‡๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋” ์ฃฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
00:55
How did we get here?
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋‹ค ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:57
There are many reasons, of course,
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋งŽ์€ ์›์ธ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:59
but one of the most important
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๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
01:01
is that we let capitalism morph into something monstrous.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ดด๋ฌผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋„๋ก ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค๋’€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
I'm a huge fan of capitalism at its best.
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์ €๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์—ดํ˜ˆ ํŒฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
After all, I'm an economist and a business school professor.
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์–ด์จŒ๋“ , ์ €๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž์ด๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:13
I think genuinely free and fair markets
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์ €๋Š” ์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์œ  ๊ณต์ • ์‹œ์žฅ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ
01:15
are one of the great inventions of the human race.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋ช… ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
But here's the catch:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ•จ์ •์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:20
markets only work their magic when prices reflect real costs.
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์‹œ์žฅ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์‹ค์ œ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งŒ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
And right now, prices are badly out of whack.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ, ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ฑ…์ •์€ ์—‰๋ง์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:29
We're letting the firms who sell fossil fuels,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ,
01:31
and indeed anyone who emits greenhouse gases,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์˜จ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ž„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:35
cause enormous damage for which they do not have to pay.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‚ผ ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์ฃ .
01:39
And that is hardly fair.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
01:42
Imagine for a moment
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์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
01:44
that my hands are filled with a cloud of electrons,
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์ œ ๋‘ ์† ์œ„์—๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:47
10 dollars' worth of coal-fired electricity
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์„ํƒ„ ํ™”๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ 10๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„ ๊ฐ’์–ด์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
that could power your cell phone for more than 10 years.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์„ 10๋…„๋„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ •๋„์˜ˆ์š”.
01:54
That probably sounds like a pretty good deal.
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๊ฝค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
01:57
But it's only so cheap
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
because you're not paying for the harm that it causes.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”ผํ•ด๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:02
Burning coal sends poisons like mercury and lead into the air,
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์„ํƒ„์„ ํƒœ์šฐ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋…์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:07
increasing healthcare costs by billions of dollars
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋ช‡์‹ญ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์”ฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค์ฃ .
02:10
and causing the death
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค๋…„
02:11
of hundreds of thousands of people every year.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
It also emits huge quantities of carbon dioxide.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
So another part of the real cost of coal
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์„ํƒ„์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‹ค์ œ ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์€
02:21
is the climate damage it will cause and is already causing.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒŒ์จ ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„ ์†์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
More than a million acres burned in California this summer,
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์˜ฌํ•ด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ 4์ฒœ ์ œ๊ณฑํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋ถˆ์— ํƒ”๊ณ ,
02:29
and massive floods put a third of Bangladesh under water.
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๋Œ€ํ™์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 1์„ ๋ฌผ์— ์ž ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:33
Hundreds of studies have tried to put a number on these costs.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:38
My sense of this work,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๋ฐ”์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด,
02:39
and here I'm relying on my colleagues in the School of Public Health
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
02:43
and my friends in economics,
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๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด,
02:45
is that generating 10 dollars' worth of coal-fired electricity
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10๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์–ด์น˜์˜ ์„ํƒ„ ํ™”๋ ฅ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑด
02:49
causes at least eight dollars' worth of harm to human health
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ตœ์†Œ 8๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์–ด์น˜์˜ ์œ ํ•ดํ•จ๊ณผ
02:54
and at least another eight dollars' worth of climate damage
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์ ์–ด๋„ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 8๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์–ด์น˜์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์†์‹ค์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
and probably much more.
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๋” ์‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:00
So the true cost of this handful of electrons?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด ํ•œ ์›€ํผ์˜ ์ „์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ง„์งœ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
03:03
It's not 10 dollars.
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10๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
03:05
It's something more like 26.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ, 26๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
03:08
The hidden costs of doing things like burning oil and gas
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์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒœ์šฐ๊ณ  ์†Œ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์˜ ์ˆจ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์€
03:12
and eating beef are similarly enormous and just as unfair.
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์ด์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ๊ณตํ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
Everyone who's trying to build a clean economy
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ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘
03:21
has to compete with firms that are heavily subsidized
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ํ•ด์น˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐํ›„๋ฅผ ๋ง์นจ์œผ๋กœ์จ
03:24
by the destruction of our health and the degradation of our climate.
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๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋“์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
This is not the capitalism I signed up for.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
This is not a market that is either free or fair.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ์ž์œ ๋กญ์ง€๋„ ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•„์š”.
03:37
So ...
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:39
What do we do?
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
03:42
The "easy" answer is that governments should insist
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'์‰ฌ์šด' ํ•ด๋‹ต์€ ์ •๋ถ€๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ
03:47
that anyone who emits greenhouse gases pay for the damage that they cause.
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์˜จ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
However, at the moment,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ์„œ๋Š”,
03:53
there's not much sign that governments are up for this,
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์–ด ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
03:56
partly because the fossil fuel companies have spent the last 20 years
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๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๋‚œ 20๋…„๊ฐ„
04:00
using their heavily subsidized profits
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:03
to deny the reality of climate change
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์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์ œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
04:06
and to shower the politicians,
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๋ˆ์„ ์Ÿ์•„ ๋ถ“๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:08
who should be regulating them, with money.
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๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:11
So here's my crazy idea.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€๋ง‰ํžŒ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:14
I think business should step up.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
04:16
I think business should fix capitalism.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ณ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
04:20
I know. (Laughs)
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์˜ˆ. ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
04:22
Some of you are probably thinking, "Fat chance."
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ '๊ฐ€๋ง ์—†๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ๋„ค' ๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:27
Didn't I just say that companies are the ones denying the science,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์™œ๊ณกํ•˜๊ณ 
04:31
distorting the market and lobbying the politicians?
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋กœ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‚˜์š”?
04:34
I did.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋งํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:36
But fixing this is squarely in the private sector's interest.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑธ ๊ณ ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ด์ต์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
The truth is business is screwed if we don't fix climate change.
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ๊ฑด ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋’คํ‹€๋ฆด๊ฑฐ๋ž€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ฃ .
04:47
It's going to be hard to make money
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์ฃผ์š” ํ•ด์•ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌผ์— ์ž ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
04:49
when the great coastal cities are under water
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๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง์น˜๊ณ  ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ฉด
04:52
and millions of angry people are migrating north as the harvests fail.
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๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:57
It's going to be tough to keep free enterprise alive
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๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€์œ ์ธต๊ณผ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
05:00
if most people believe the rich and the white
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์ž์œ  ๊ธฐ์—… ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ค์—ผ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:03
are using it to trash the planet for their own benefit.
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์ž์œ  ๊ธฐ์—… ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
05:08
So let me tell you what this looks like on the ground.
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ์ง€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
05:11
My friend Erik Osmundsen left a cushy job in private equity
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์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์—๋ฆญ ์˜ค์Šค๋ฌธ์Šจ์€ ํŽธํ•œ ์ง์žฅ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ชจํŽ€๋“œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
05:15
to become the CEO of a garbage company.
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์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ CEO๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:20
That sounds like a slightly odd idea.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„ค์š”.
05:23
But Erik wanted to make a difference,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—๋ฆญ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
05:26
and changing the way that trash is handled
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์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:28
could reduce emissions by billions of tons.
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ํ†ค์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:31
Right away, he ran into a massive problem:
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๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜”์–ด์š”.
05:34
the industry was thoroughly corrupt.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:37
Firms were cutting costs by dumping waste illegally,
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์œ ๊ธฐํ•ด์„œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์•„๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
05:41
the regulations were poorly enforced
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๊ทœ์ •์€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ
05:43
and the fines for violation were tiny.
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์œ„๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์€ ํ„ฑ์—†์ด ์ ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:46
Erik announced he was going to run clean
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์—๋ฆญ์€ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒํผ์€ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ ํฌํ•˜๊ณ 
05:49
and to raise prices to cover the costs of doing so.
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์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
05:52
Many of his senior team thought he was crazy.
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๊ทธ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณ ์œ„๊ธ‰ ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:56
Half of them quit.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ์‚ฌ์งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
So did many of his customers.
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๊ทธ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋„ ๋ฐœ๊ธธ์„ ๋Š์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:00
His competitors denounced him for bringing the industry into disrepute,
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๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์—…๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์š•๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค๋ฉฐ ๋น„๋‚œํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:04
and he started to receive personal threats.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹ ๋ณ€ ์œ„ํ˜‘์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
But corruption works best when it's hidden.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์ •๋ถ€ํŒจ๋Š” ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํž˜์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•ด์š”.
06:11
As soon as Erik went public, people started to step up.
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์—๋ฆญ์ด ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด์ž, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:16
A few customers were willing to pay more.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ๋ˆ์„ ๋” ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:18
His investors agreed that taking the high road could pay off.
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๊ทธ์˜ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์€ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:22
Those of his employees who remained loved the idea of taking a stand
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๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ง์›๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์„œ์„œ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง˜์— ๋“ค์–ดํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:27
and found all kinds of legal ways to cut costs.
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๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์กฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
06:30
Erik persuaded several of his competitors
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์—๋ฆญ์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์„ค๋“ํ•ด์„œ
06:32
to join him in refusing to dispose of garbage illegally,
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๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์— ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
06:36
and it got much tougher for regulators to stay on the sidelines.
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๊ทœ์ œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฉ๊ด€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
Today, Erik's company, Norsk Gjenvinning,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์—๋ฆญ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์Šคํฌ ์  ๋น„๋‹์€,
06:44
is one of the largest recycling companies in Scandinavia.
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์Šค์นธ๋””๋‚˜๋น„์•„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
Let me generalize.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
These are the four pillars of change:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„ค ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
Build a business that can set the right price
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์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ •๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ฑ…์ •ํ• 
06:55
and still be profitable.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
Persuade your competitors to do the same thing.
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๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์—…์ฒด๋“ค์ด ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๋“ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
Make sure that investors understand there's money to be made.
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ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ดํ•ด์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
And push governments to put the right price into law
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ •ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ด‰๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
so that bottom-feeders can't survive.
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๋ฐ˜์น™์ž๋“ค์ด ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:11
I'm not telling you we've got this nailed.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
Things are pretty desperate.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๊ฝค ์ ˆ๋ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
But there are thousands of businesspeople like Erik,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ์ƒ์—” ์—๋ฆญ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ๊ณ ,
07:21
and there are millions of people like us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋”์šฑ ๋งŽ์ฃ .
07:24
And we are customers, employees, investors and citizens.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด๊ณ , ์ง์›์ด๊ณ , ํˆฌ์ž์ž๊ณ , ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
Instead of giving up on capitalism, let's fix it
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์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์— ๊ตด๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ , ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:33
by making sure that markets are truly fair and truly free,
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์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ณ  ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ,
07:38
and that no one can dump garbage on us
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
07:40
and walk away without paying for it.
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๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฑ„ ๋– ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:44
We have the resources and the technology to solve climate change.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
Together, we can save the trees
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์„ ์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
and each other.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:55
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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