Inside the massive (and unregulated) world of surveillance tech | Sharon Weinberger

122,860 views

2020-12-28 ・ TED


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Inside the massive (and unregulated) world of surveillance tech | Sharon Weinberger

122,860 views ・ 2020-12-28

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
λͺ‡λ…„ 전에
μ œκ°€ μ•„λŠ” λ―Έκ΅­ κ΅°μˆ˜μ‚°μ—… μ»¨μ„€ν„΄νŠΈκ°€
μš°μ¦ˆλ² ν‚€μŠ€νƒ„μ— κ°”λ˜ μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό ν•΄μ€¬μ–΄μš”.
κ±°κΈ°μ„œ κ·Έκ°€ ν–ˆλ˜ 일은 κΈ°μˆ μ„ νŒ”λ„λ‘ λ•λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
μš°μ¦ˆλ² ν‚€μŠ€νƒ„ μ •λΆ€κ°€ μžκ΅­λ―Όλ“€μ„ κ°μ‹œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ κΈ°μˆ μ΄μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
00:13
A few years ago,
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00:14
an American defense consultant I know
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00:16
told me about a trip he took to Uzbekistan.
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κ·Έκ°€ λ§ˆμΌ€νŒ… 자료λ₯Ό κ³΅μœ ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
00:18
His role there was to help sell technology
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μš°μ¦ˆλ² ν‚€μŠ€νƒ„ 정뢀에 λ°œν‘œν•œ μžλ£Œμ˜€μ£ .
00:21
that the Uzbek government could use to spy on its own citizens.
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μ–΄λ–€ λ°˜μ§μ΄λŠ” λΈŒλ‘œμ…” μ•ˆμ—λŠ” 톡화λ₯Ό κ°€λ‘œμ±Œ 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
00:25
He eventually shared with me the marketing material
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λ°œμ‹ μžλ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜λŠ” κΈ°μˆ λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:27
he'd presented to the Uzbek government.
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μƒλŒ€λ°©μ΄ μ–΄λ–€ μ „ν™”λ²ˆν˜Έλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ“ μ§€ 상관 없이
00:30
One glossy brochure featured technology that could not just intercept phone calls,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ κ³ μœ ν•œ 성문을 μ΄μš©ν•΄ μΈμ‹ν•˜λŠ” κΈ°μˆ μ΄μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
λ˜ν•œ μ •ν™•ν•œ μœ„μΉ˜λ„ νŒŒμ•…ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
00:35
but identify the caller,
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00:36
regardless of what phone number they were using,
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이 μ‚¬λžŒμ€ λ‹€λ…„κ°„ 무기 κ±°λž˜μ— μ’…μ‚¬ν–ˆλ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:39
based on their unique voiceprint,
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ν• λ¦¬μš°λ“œμ— λ‚˜μ˜¬ λ²•ν•œ λΆˆλ²• 거래λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:41
and then identify their exact geographic location.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 합법적인 μ„œκ΅¬ νšŒμ‚¬λ“€κ³Ό 일을 ν•˜λŠ” ν‰λ²”ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:44
This is a guy who had been involved with the arms trade for years.
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무기 μˆ˜μΆœμ„ λ•λŠ” κ²ƒλΏμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
00:48
He wasn't some Hollywood-type gunrunner doing backroom deals.
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그런데 일이 어렡진 μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
00:51
He was just a guy that worked with legitimate Western companies
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κ·Έμ € 무기거래의 λ‹€μŒ 단계에 λΆˆκ³Όν–ˆμ£ .
심지어 이라크에 무기λ₯Ό νŒŒλŠ” 것보닀 μ‰¬μ› μ–΄μš”.
00:54
to help sell their weapons abroad.
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00:56
But he wasn't bothered by marketing this sort of technology.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 이 κ±°λž˜λŠ”
λ―Έ κ΅­λ¬΄λΆ€μ—μ„œ λ°œκΈ‰ν•˜λŠ” 수좜 ν—ˆκ°€κ°€ ν•„μš” μ—†μ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
00:59
For him, it was just the next step in the arms trade.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 무기 νŒλ§€μ—μ„œλŠ” ν•„μš”ν•œ μ„œλ₯˜μ˜€μ£ .
01:02
And it was even easier than, say, selling weapons to Iraq,
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μ•Œκ³ λ³΄λ‹ˆ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ°μ‹œ μž₯λΉ„μ—λŠ”
거의 κ·œμ œκ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:05
because it didn't require an export license
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  κ°μ‹œ μž₯λΉ„λŠ” 무기둜 μ·¨κΈ‰λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—μš”.
01:07
from the US State Department,
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01:08
the way most arms sales would.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ •μ˜λ₯Ό λ°”κΏ”μ•Όλ§Œ ν•˜κ³ , λ¬΄κΈ°λ‘œμ„œ 규제λ₯Ό ν•΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.
01:11
It turns out that these tools of surveillance
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01:13
are almost completely unregulated,
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μ €λŠ” μ§€λ‚œ 20λ…„ κ°„ ꡰ사와 지λŠ₯의 세계λ₯Ό μ§€μΌœλ΄μ™”λ˜ μ €λ„λ¦¬μŠ€νŠΈμ˜ˆμš”.
01:15
because as of today, they're not defined as weapons.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ꡰ사와 지식이
μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ³Όν•™κ³Ό κΈ°μˆ μ„ λ°”κΎΈλŠ”μ§€ λ΄€μ£ .
01:18
But they should be, and we need to regulate them that way.
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μ „ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 무기의 μΆœμ—°μ„ 계속 μΆ”μ ν–ˆκ³ 
01:21
I'm a journalist who has spent the last two decades
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νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ 무기듀을 ν•΄μ™Έλ‘œ μˆ˜μΆœν•  λ•Œ
01:24
looking at how the military and intelligence world
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μ–΄λ–€ 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ•˜μ–΄μš”.
01:26
spurs the development of new science and technology.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 정보 μ‚¬νšŒμ— μ–΄λ””κΉŒμ§€κ°€ 무기둜 μ •μ˜λ κΉŒμš”?
01:28
I've tracked the emergence of new weapons
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 무μž₯ λ“œλ‘ μ΄ λ¬΄κΈ°λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³ 
01:31
and looked to see what happens
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미사일과 폭탄이 λ¬΄κΈ°λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ§€λ§Œ
01:32
when companies start to market these weapons abroad.
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κ΅­λ¬΄λΆ€λŠ” κΈ°μˆ μ΄λΌλŠ” 넓은 μΉ΄ν…Œκ³ λ¦¬λ₯Ό
01:35
But what is a weapon in the information age?
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무기둜 μ •μ˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
We know that armed drones are weapons,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 해양쑰사선을 타고 ν•΄μ™Έλ‘œ κ°€λŠ” κ³Όν•™μžλŠ”
01:39
missiles and bombs are weapons,
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01:41
but the State Department actually classifies
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λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ κ°€μž₯ μ΅œμ‹  μ•Όκ°„νˆ¬μ‹œκ²½μ„ 가지고 κ°€κ³  싢지 μ•Šκ² μ–΄μš”?
01:43
broad categories of technologies as weapons.
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ꡭ무뢀에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄, κ·Έ μ•Όκ°„νˆ¬μ‹œκ²½μ€ 잠재적으둜 λ¬΄κΈ°λΌλŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
01:46
So for example, a scientist going abroad on an oceanographic research vessel,
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μ™œμΌκΉŒμš”?
비둝 μ•Όκ°„νˆ¬μ‹œκ²½μ΄ ν˜„μž¬λŠ” 전세계에 μžˆλŠ”
01:50
they want to take the latest night-vision goggles?
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ΄λ‚˜ 샀λƒ₯κΎΌλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ§€λ§Œ
01:53
That, according to the State Department, is potentially a weapon.
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μ• μ΄ˆμ— κ΅°λŒ€ μž₯λΉ„λ‘œ 개발됐기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
01:56
Why?
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ—¬μ „νžˆ κΆŒμœ„μ£Όμ˜μ μΈ μ •κΆŒμ—μ„œ
01:57
Well, because though night-vision goggles are used today by scientists
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μ‹œλ―Ό, 반체제 인사, 기자λ₯Ό κ°μ‹œν•˜κ³ μž
02:01
and hunters around the world,
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μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆλŠ” κ°μ‹œμž₯비듀은
02:02
it was a capability first developed for the military.
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λ―Έκ΅­ 정뢀에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ ν˜„μž¬ 무기둜 λΆ„λ₯˜λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
And yet, tools of surveillance
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02:06
that an authoritarian regime could use to spy on its own citizens,
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그리고 μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ°μ‹œ μž₯비듀은
계속 μ„±μž₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” λΉ„λ°€μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ 수 μ‹­μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬ μ‚°μ—…μ˜ μΌλΆ€μ˜ˆμš”.
02:10
on dissidents, on journalists,
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02:12
that, according to the US government today, is not a weapon.
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κ°μ‹œ μ‹œμž₯의 기원은 μ•½ 18λ…„ μ „
02:15
And yet, these tools of surveillance
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뢁뢀 λ²„μ§€λ‹ˆμ•„μ£Όμ— μžˆλŠ” 힐튼 ν˜Έν…”λ‘œ 거슬러 μ˜¬λΌκ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
are part of a growing secretive multi-billion-dollar industry.
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ€‘μ•™μ •λ³΄κ΅­μ—μ„œ κ°€κΉŒμš΄ 곳이죠.
02:21
The genesis of this spy bazaar goes back some 18 years,
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검은 μ •μž₯을 μž…μ€ λͺ‡ λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
02:24
to a Hilton hotel in northern Virginia,
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2002λ…„ 봄에 κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ‚¬μ–΄μš”.
02:26
just a few miles away from the US Central Intelligence Agency.
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비밀에 가렀진 β€˜ISS Worldβ€™λΌλŠ” μ΄λ¦„μ˜ 회의λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ˜€μ–΄μš”.
02:30
A few dozen people, mostly dark-suited men,
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처음 보면 이 νšŒμ˜λŠ” μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄κ³Ό DC μ£Όλ³€μ—μ„œ 자주 있던 νšŒμ˜λ“€κ³Ό
02:33
gathered there in the spring of 2002
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λ³„λ°˜ λ‹€λ₯΄μ§€ μ•Šμ•„ λ³΄μ˜€μ„ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
02:35
for a conference with the unassuming name of ISS World.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이 ν–‰μ‚¬λŠ” λ­”κ°€ λ‹¬λžμ–΄μš”.
02:38
You know, at first glance, this conference probably looked like dozens of events
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ISSλŠ” 정보 지원 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ μ•½μžμ˜€κ³ 
회의 μžλ¦¬μ— λͺ¨μΈ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
02:42
that used to take place around the Washington, DC area.
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사적 λŒ€ν™” κ°μ‹œμš© κΈ°μˆ μ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” νšŒμ‚¬μ—μ„œ
02:45
But this event was unique.
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λ‚˜μ˜¨ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:46
ISS stands for Intelligence Support Systems,
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즉, 이것은 μ‚¬λžŒμ„ 뽑기 μœ„ν•œ μΌμ’…μ˜ λ„μ²­μžμ˜€λ˜ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
02:49
and the people who were there
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그리고 그듀이 거기에 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ μ΄μœ λŠ”
02:51
were from companies that built technologies to spy
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02:53
on private communications.
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μ•½ 일년 μ „ 쯀에 9/11 ν…ŒλŸ¬κ°€ λ‰΄μš•κ³Ό μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄μ„ κ³΅κ²©ν–ˆκ³ 
02:55
In other words, these were sort of wire-tappers for hire.
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μ˜νšŒκ°€ 법λ₯ μ„ μ œμ •ν•˜λ„λ‘ μžκ·Ήν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:58
And the reason they were there was that less than a year earlier,
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μ• κ΅­μžλ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλŠ” κ·Έ 법이죠.
이 법은 μ •λΆ€μ—κ²Œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μ†Œν†΅μ„ κ°μ‹œν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘
03:01
the 9/11 terrorist attacks on New York and Washington
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ κΆŒν•œμ„ μ£ΌλŠ” 계기가 λ˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:04
had spurred the Congress to press through legislation
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이메일, 인터넷 ν™œλ™, μ „ν™”
03:07
known as the Patriot Act.
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그리고 μ‹¬μ§€μ–΄λŠ” 개인의 금육 거래 ν™œλ™κΉŒμ§€λ„μš”.
03:09
This gave the government broad new authorities
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이것은 데이터에 λŒ€ν•œ 즉각적인 μˆ˜μš”λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒˆμ–΄μš”.
03:11
to monitor communications.
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그리고 정말 미ꡭ의 κΈ°μ—…κ°€ μ •μ‹ λ‹΅κ²Œλ„
03:13
Emails, internet activity, phone calls,
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데이터λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 산업이 λΆ€ν₯ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ£ .
03:16
even financial transactions.
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03:18
This created an instant demand for data.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ‹€μ‹œ 2002λ…„μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€λ³΄λ©΄
이것은 μ—¬μ „νžˆ κ½€ μž‘μ€ μ‚¬κ±΄μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:21
And in the true American entrepreneurial spirit,
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전세계 인ꡬ의 μ•½ 10% μ •λ„λ§Œμ΄
03:23
an industry rose up to help collect this data.
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인터넷 ν™˜κ²½μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μˆ˜μ§‘λ˜λŠ” 정보듀은 였직 μ „ν™”κΈ°λ‚˜ νœ΄λŒ€ν°μ„ ν†΅ν•œ
03:27
But back in 2002,
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03:28
this was still a pretty modest affair.
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03:30
Only about 10 percent of the world's population
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κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ΄λ©”μΌμ΄λ‚˜ ν†΅ν™”κΈ°λ‘μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:32
was even online using the internet.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ‹€μŒ λͺ‡ λ…„ 사이에
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ†Œν†΅ν•˜λŠ” 방식이 κΈ‰κ²©ν•˜κ²Œ 달라지기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ£ .
03:34
So most of what was being collected were simple emails and phone calls
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μŠ€μΉ΄μ΄ν”„μ™€ 페이슀뢁이 λ“±μž₯ν–ˆκ³ ,
03:38
over landlines and cell phones.
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κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 아이폰이 λ“±μž₯ν–ˆμ£ .
03:41
But over the next few years,
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그리고 였랜 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 흐λ₯΄μ§€ μ•Šμ•„
03:42
the way that we communicate began to change rapidly.
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수 μ‹­μ–΅ λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆμ— μ†Œν˜• 컴퓨터λ₯Ό λ„£κ³  λŒμ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆκΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:45
There was the introduction of Skype, Facebook
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μ†Œν˜• μ»΄ν“¨ν„°λŠ” 정말 λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” 게 μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:47
and then, crucially, the iPhone,
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우리의 μš΄λ™ μŠ΅κ΄€μ„ κ΄€μ°°ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 애인을 μ°ΎλŠ” 것도 λ„μ™€μ€¬μ–΄μš”.
03:49
and within a few years,
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03:51
billions of us were walking around with little computers in our pockets
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그리고 κ°‘μžκΈ° 당신은 λ―Έκ΅­ κ΅­κ°€ μ•ˆμ „κ΅­μ΄λ‚˜ λŒ€ν˜• ν†΅μ‹ μ‚¬λ‘œλΆ€ν„°
03:54
that do everything from monitor our exercise habits
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μ†Œν†΅μ„ κ΄€μ°°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
03:57
to help us find romantic partners.
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더 ν–₯μƒλœ λŠ₯λ ₯이 κΌ­ ν•„μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
μ–΄λ–€ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ”
04:00
And suddenly, you didn't necessarily need the advanced capability
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆμ— λ“€μ–΄μžˆλŠ” μž₯비에 μ ‘μ†ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒλ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ κ°μ‹œν•˜κΈ°μ—” μΆ©λΆ„ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:03
of the National Security Agency or big telecoms
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이것은 μ™„μ „νžˆ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‚°μ—…μ˜ μ‹œλŒ€λ₯Ό μ—¬λŠ” μ‹œμž‘μ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
04:05
to monitor everyone's communication.
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λͺ¨λ“  νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ λ―Έμ‚¬μΌμ΄λ‚˜ λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ§€λŠ” λͺ»ν•΄μš”.
04:08
In some cases,
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04:09
all you needed was access to that device in their pockets.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μŠ€λ§ˆνŠΈν°μ— λ“€μ–΄μžˆλŠ” μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ”λ°
04:12
And that gave birth to an entirely new type of industry.
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그만큼의 λ§Žμ€ 자본이 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ£ .
04:15
You know, not many companies can build missiles or aircraft,
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컴퓨터 해컀듀은 μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μ‘΄μž¬ν•΄μ™”μ§€λ§Œ
μ΄μ œλŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯이 κΈ°μˆ μ„ λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
04:19
but it doesn't take a lot of capital to create software
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법 μ œμ •κ³Ό μ •λ³΄κ΅­μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°
04:22
that can hack into someone's smartphone.
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μ»€λ‹€λž€ μˆ˜μš”κ°€ μžˆμ„ λ•Œ 말이죠.
04:25
Computer hackers have been around for years,
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그리고 곧이어 μˆ˜μ‹­ ν˜Ήμ€ 수백 개의 νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄
04:27
but now their skills could be used to build technologies
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 도청 μ‹œμž₯에 λ›°μ–΄λ“€κ³  있죠.
04:30
that were in high demand by law enforcement
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그리고 λ²„μ§€λ‹ˆμ•„μ£Όμ— μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ·Έ μž‘μ€ νšŒμ˜λŠ”
04:32
and intelligence agencies.
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λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ„±μž₯ν•΄ β€˜Wiretappers Ballβ€™μ΄λž€ μ΄λ¦„μœΌλ‘œ 유λͺ…ν•΄μ‘Œμ–΄μš”.
04:34
And soon, dozens and even hundreds of companies
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04:37
were getting into this wire-tappers' market.
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사싀 'Wiretappers Ball'에 λŒ€ν•΄ κ·Όλž˜μ—λŠ”
04:40
And that little conference in Virginia,
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많이 μ•Œλ €μ§€μ§„ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ νšŒμ˜κ°€ μ˜€λ‘œμ§€
04:42
it grew and soon became known as the Wiretappers' Ball.
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νšŒμ‚¬μ™€ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 고객인 μ •λΆ€μ—κ²Œλ§Œ κ³΅κ°œλ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—μš”.
04:46
Well, not much was known about the Wiretappers' Ball
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 점차 κΈ°μžλ“€μ΄ 사적 정보 κ°μ‹œ μ‹œμž₯에 μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λŠ” νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄
04:48
in those early years,
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보고 λ“£κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ£ .
04:49
because the conferences were closed to everyone
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미심쩍은 기업가듀이 세계λ₯Ό λŒμ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆλ©΄μ„œ
04:52
except the companies and their government customers.
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04:54
But journalists did begin to see and hear reports
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거래λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  λ‹€λ‹ˆλŠ” κ²ƒμ„μš”.
λ•Œλ‘œ κΆŒμœ„μ£Όμ˜μ μΈ μ •κΆŒκ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ λ§μ΄μ˜ˆμš”.
04:57
of companies getting into this private spy market.
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그리고 그것은 μ²˜μŒλΆ€ν„° 맀우 λŠμŠ¨ν•œ κ·œμ œκ°€ μ μš©λ˜λŠ” μ‹œμž₯μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
05:00
Spooky entrepreneurs going around the world,
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ ꡭ가에선 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κΈ°μˆ μ„ μˆ˜μΆœν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν—ˆκ°€κ°€ ν•„μš”ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
05:03
doing deals,
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05:04
often with authoritarian regimes.
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전톡적인 무기에 μ μš©λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ μ •λ°€ μ‘°μ‚¬λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμ£ .
05:06
And it was, from the start, a really loosely regulated market.
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05:10
Some countries do require permission to sell these technologies abroad,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ΄νƒˆλ¦¬μ•„μ˜ β€˜ν•΄ν‚Ή νŒ€β€™μ΄λΌλŠ” νšŒμ‚¬κ°€
κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ΄μ§‘νŠΈμ™€ μΉ΄μžνμŠ€νƒ„μ˜ κΆŒμœ„μ£Όμ˜ μ •κΆŒμ— νŒ”μ•˜λ‹€λŠ”
05:14
but rarely with the type of scrutiny that is given to traditional arms.
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μ†Œλ¬Έμ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
05:18
So for example, the Italian-based company Hacking Team
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μ΄μŠ€λΌμ—˜μ˜ β€˜NSO 그룹’이 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ‚¬μš°λ””μ•„λΌλΉ„μ•„μ˜ μ •κΆŒμ—
05:22
reportedly sold its technology to authoritarian regimes
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νŒ”μ•˜λ‹€λŠ” μ†Œλ¬Έμ΄ μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°
05:24
in Egypt and Kazakhstan.
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μ •μΉ˜μ  λ°˜λŒ€μžλ₯Ό 괴둭히고
심지어 정적을 μ‚΄ν•΄ν•œ μ‚¬κ±΄μ—μ„œ λΉ„λ‚œ λ°›μ•„ μ™”λ˜ μ •κΆŒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
05:27
The Israeli-based company NSO Group has reportedly sold its technology
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 무기가 단지 μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ£½μ΄λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œλ§Œ 보죠.
05:30
to the regime in Saudi Arabia,
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05:32
which has been accused of harassing,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 정보 μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œλŠ”
05:34
and even, in one case, killing one of its political opponents.
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κ°€μž₯ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 무기 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” 우리λ₯Ό μΆ”μ ν•˜κ³  신원을 ν™•μΈν•˜λŠ” 것듀이죠.
05:37
And we do think of weapons as things that kill people.
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이것은 λ―Έκ΅­ ꡭ방뢀와 CIAκ°€ λͺ‡ λ…„ κ°„ μ£Όλͺ©ν•΄ μ™”λ˜ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
05:42
But in the information age,
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그리고 그듀은 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κΈ°μˆ μ„ λ§Œλ“€λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•΄μ™”μ–΄μš”.
05:43
some of the most powerful weapons are things that can track and identify us.
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전세계에 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό ν…ŒλŸ¬ μš©μ˜μžλ“€μ„ μΆ”μ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ κΈ°μˆ μ„μš”.
05:47
This is something that the Pentagon and CIA have recognized for years,
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λ―Έκ΅­ κ΅­λ°©λΆ€λŠ” β€˜μŠ€λ§ˆνŠΈ 먼지’라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 무언가에 νˆ¬μžν–ˆμ£ .
05:51
and they've tried to build technologies
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그것은 λ‹Ήμ‚¬μžκ°€ μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ²Œ λͺ°λž˜ κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ 흩뿌린 뒀에
05:52
that can track people, suspected terrorists, around the globe.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό 좔적할 수 μžˆλŠ”
05:56
The Pentagon has invested in something called smart dust,
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λ¨Όμ € μ •λ„μ˜ 크기의 마이크둜 μ„Όμ„œμ˜ˆμš”.
05:59
little microsensors the size of specs of dust
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λ―Έκ΅­ κ΅­λ°©λΆ€λŠ” 벀처 자본 νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ
β€œμ˜€ν”„λΌ λ§€κ±°μ§„β€œμœΌλ‘œ 유λͺ…ν–ˆλ˜ 미용 μ œν’ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” νšŒμ‚¬μ— νˆ¬μžν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:02
that you could scatter on people without them knowing it,
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06:05
and then use it to track their location.
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단지 피뢀에 λ‹ΏλŠ” κ²ƒλ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ λͺ°λž˜ DNAλ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
06:07
The Pentagon, through its venture capital firm,
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μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
06:10
has invested in a beauty products company once featured in "Oprah Magazine"
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ§€λ‚œ 10λ…„ κ°„ λ­”κ°€ λ†€λž„λ§Œν•œ 일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ‘Œμ–΄μš”.
06:14
to build a device that could surreptitiously collect DNA
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λ§Žμ€ κ²½μš°μ—μ„œ 사적 κ²½λ§€μ—μ„œμ˜ κ²°κ³Όκ°€
06:17
just by swiping across the skin.
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λ―Έκ΅­ κ΅­λ°©λΆ€λ‚˜ CIAκ°€ μ˜ˆμƒν–ˆλ˜ 것을 훨씬 λ„˜μ–΄μ„°μ–΄μš”.
06:20
But something remarkable has happened over the past decade.
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2008λ…„μœΌλ‘œ λ˜λŒμ•„κ°€ 보면
06:23
In many cases, what the private marketplace has been able to do
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κ΅­λ°©λΆ€λŠ” ν…ŒλŸ¬λ¦¬μŠ€νŠΈμ˜ DNA에 λŒ€ν•œ κΈ°λ°€ λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:26
has far outstripped what the Pentagon or CIA even thought was possible.
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μ•½ 8만 μ—¬κ°œμ˜ μƒ˜ν”Œμ„ 가지고 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
06:30
Back in 2008,
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사기업인 'AncestryDNA'λŠ”
06:31
the Pentagon had a secretive database of DNA from terrorists.
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ν˜„μž¬ 1,500만 λͺ… μ΄μƒμ˜ μƒ˜ν”Œμ„ 가지고 있죠.
06:36
It had about 80,000 samples.
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두 번째둜 큰 DNA λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€λ₯Ό 가진 β€˜23andMeβ€™λŠ”
06:38
Well, the private company AncestryDNA
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1,000만 λͺ… μ΄μƒμ˜ μƒ˜ν”Œμ„ 가지고 μžˆκ³ μš”.
06:41
today has samples from over 15 million people.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이제 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ DNAλ₯Ό λͺ¨μœΌκΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
06:44
23andMe, the second-largest genealogical database,
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이런 μ œμž„μŠ€λ³Έλ“œ 같은 κ³ κΈ‰ 기술이 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 기꺼이 사기업에 그것듀을 λ„˜κ²¨μ£Όκ³ 
06:48
has samples from over 10 million people.
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06:50
So now, maybe you don't need these James Bond-worthy techniques
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λˆκΉŒμ§€ μ§€λΆˆν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ 말이죠.
κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ˜ DNAλ₯Ό 가지고 무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
06:54
of collecting DNA
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06:55
if we're willingly handing it over to private companies
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λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό μ€‘κ΅­μ—μ„œ
06:58
and even paying for the honor of doing it.
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μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ€ DNA μƒ˜ν”Œλ“€μ„ 톡해
μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 얼꡴을 λ³΅μ›ν•΄λ‚΄λŠ” 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ‹œλ„ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
07:01
Well, what could you do with a sample of someone's DNA?
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ λ§Œμ•½ DNA와 μ–Όκ΅΄ 인식 κΈ°μˆ μ„ 연계할 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
07:05
In the United States and China,
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07:06
researchers are working on using DNA samples
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맀우 κ°•λ ₯ν•œ κ°μ‹œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ κΈ°λ°˜μ„ κ°€μ§€κ²Œ 된 κ²ƒμ΄λ‚˜ λ‹€λ¦„μ—†λ‹΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
to build images of people's faces.
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κ°œμΈμ΄λ‚˜ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ―Όμ‘± 전체λ₯Ό μΆ”μ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆλŠ” μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ 말이죠.
07:11
So if you pair DNA with facial recognition technology,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ°μ— 이런 μ–˜κΈ°λ“€μ΄ μ‘°κΈˆμ€ ν„°λ¬΄λ‹ˆμ—†λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°λœλ‹€λ©΄
07:15
you have the basis of a really powerful surveillance system
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μž‘λ…„μ— λ―Έκ΅­ κ΅­λ°©λΆ€κ°€ λͺ¨λ“  μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ 직원듀과
07:18
that could be used to track individuals or entire ethnic groups.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ κ°€μ‘±λ“€μ—κ²Œ
정보가 그듀을 μΆ”μ ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  κ±±μ •ν•˜λ©°
07:22
And if you think that sounds a little bit paranoid,
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07:24
keep in mind that the Pentagon last year sent out a memo
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μƒμ—…μ μœΌλ‘œ νŒλ§€λ˜λŠ” DNA ν‚€νŠΈλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ 말라고 κ²½κ³ ν•˜λŠ”
07:27
to all of its service members,
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μͺ½μ§€λ₯Ό μ „μ†‘ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λͺ…μ‹¬ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
07:29
warning them precisely not to use those commercial DNA kits
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ κ΅­λ°©λΆ€κ°€ 이런 κΈ°μˆ λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μš°λ €κ°€ 컀져가고 μžˆμŒμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
07:32
over concerns that information could be used to track them
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μ‹œμž₯을 κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 거의 아무것도 μ‹œν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆμ§€ μ•Šκ³  있죠.
07:35
or their family members.
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'Clearview AI'λΌλŠ” ν•œ λ―Έκ΅­ νšŒμ‚¬μ—μ„œ
07:37
And yet, even with the Pentagon raising concerns about this technology,
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λͺ‡ λ°± 만 λͺ…에 λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μ–Όκ΅΄ 정보λ₯Ό λͺ¨μ•„μ™”μ–΄μš”.
07:41
almost nothing has been done to reign in this market.
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인터넷을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œμš”.
μΈμŠ€νƒ€κ·Έλž¨μ— μΉœκ΅¬λ“€ ν˜Ήμ€ κ°€μ‘±λ“€κ³Ό 찍은 사진듀 λ“±μ—μ„œ λ§μ΄μ˜ˆμš”.
07:44
One American company, Clearview AI,
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그리고 μ•ˆλ©΄ 인식 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό νŒλ§€ν•˜λŠ” 것인데
07:47
has been collecting billions of images of people's faces
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07:49
from across the internet,
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λ―Έκ΅­ 정뢀와 법λ₯  집행 κΈ°κ΄€μ—κ²Œ νŒλ§€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:51
like those pictures you post on Instagram of you and your friends and family,
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λ§Œμ•½ 기술이 μ €λŸ° λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ ν™œμš©λ˜λŠ” 것이
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ μ „ν˜€ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄
07:55
and then selling its facial recognition services
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그듀이 사적 κ°œμΈμ΄λ‚˜ νšŒμ‚¬ ν˜Ήμ€ 심지어 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 정뢀에
07:57
to US government and law-enforcement agencies.
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정보λ₯Ό νŒŒλŠ” 것을 막을 수 없을 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
08:00
And even if you think
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08:01
that's a perfectly acceptable application of this technology,
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그리고 이것이 μ •ν™•νžˆ λͺ‡λͺ‡ νšŒμ‚¬μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μΌμ΄μ—μš”.
08:04
there's nothing to stop them from selling to private individuals,
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κ·Έ 뢁뢀 λ²„μ§€λ‹ˆμ•„μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘λœ β€˜Wiretappers’ Ball’ κΈ°μ–΅λ‚˜μ‹œμ£ ?
08:08
corporations or even foreign governments.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—” 행사가 μ „μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μ—¬λŸ¬ λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œ 열리고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
08:11
And that's exactly what some companies are doing.
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μ΄μ œλŠ” λͺ‡ 천 λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ ISS ν›ˆλ ¨κ³Ό νšŒμ˜μ— μ°Έμ„ν•˜κ³  있죠.
08:13
That Wiretappers' Ball that started in northern Virginia?
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그리고 더 λ§Žμ€ νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ 쀑동과 μ€‘κ΅­μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° 였고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
08:17
Today, it's held in multiple cities around the globe.
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08:20
Thousands of people now attend the ISS trainings and conferences.
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κ°μ‹œ μ‹œμž₯이 이제 μ „μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 된 것이죠.
그리고 μ΄μ œλŠ” μ „μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 무기 λ°•λžŒνšŒμ—μ„œ
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ μ–Όκ΅΄ 인식 기술과
08:25
And more of the companies showing up are coming from the Middle East and China.
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08:28
The spy bazaar has gone global.
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폰 ν•΄ν‚Ή μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄μ™€ 같은 κΈ°μˆ μ„
νƒ±ν¬λ‚˜ 미사일과 같은 전톡적인 무기 μ œμ‘°μ‚¬ μ˜†μœΌλ‘œ
08:31
And at arms shows now around the world,
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λ†“μ΄κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” 것을 보게 될 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
08:33
you'll see companies displaying facial recognition technology
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그리고 무기 λ°•λžŒνšŒλ₯Ό λŒμ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆλ‹€ 보면
08:36
and phone hacking software,
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λ°˜μ΄μƒν–₯의 κ΅¬λ ν……μ΄λ‘œ λΉ μ Έλ“€κΈ°λŠ” 생각보닀 μ‰½λ‹΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:38
displaying right next to traditional arms manufacturers
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μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μ›€μ§μž„μ„ μΆ”μ ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”
08:41
with tanks and missiles.
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미래 κ°μ‹œ κΈ°μˆ μ„ μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 말이죠.
08:42
And walking around these arms shows,
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그리고 ν•œ κ΅­λ°©λΆ€ κ΄€κ³„μžκ°€ 제게 ν•΄μ€¬λ˜ 말이 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
08:44
it's pretty easy to go down dystopian rabbit holes,
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κ΅°λŒ€μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ ν•„μš”ν•œ 것은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 지ꡬ 어디에 μžˆλ“  단지 DNAλ§Œμ„ 가지고
08:47
thinking about future surveillance technology
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그듀을 좔적할 수 μžˆλŠ” 곡간 기반의 μΈκ³΅μœ„μ„±μ΄λΌκ³ μš”.
08:49
that will track our every move.
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08:51
And I remember one Pentagon adviser telling me
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 은박지 λͺ¨μžμ— νˆ¬μžν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€κΈ°μ— μΆ©λΆ„ν•˜μ£ .
08:53
that what the military really needed were space-based satellites
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν™•μ‹€ν•œ 것은
08:56
that could track people anywhere on earth based just on their DNA.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ―Έλž˜κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ κΈ°μˆ μ„ κ°€μ Έμ˜¬μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯Έλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—μš”.
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 규제의 λΆ€μž¬λ‘œ μΈν•΄μ„œ
09:00
It's enough to make you invest in tinfoil hats.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 무기 μ‹œμž₯이 이미 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ ν™•μž₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것은 μ•Œμ£ .
09:03
But the truth is,
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09:04
we don't know what sort of technology the future will bring.
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κΆŒμœ„μ£Όμ˜ 정뢀에 κ°μ‹œ κΈ°μˆ μ„ νŒλ§€ν•΄μ„œ
09:07
But we know that today, in the absence of regulation,
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고발 λ‹Ήν•œ ν•œ νšŒμ‚¬κ°€
09:10
this marketplace is already exploding.
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μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜-19 κ°μ—Όμžλ₯Ό μΆ”μ ν•˜λŠ” 것을 돕고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
09:13
And in fact, one of those companies accused of selling surveillance technology
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λ¬Όλ‘  κΈ°μˆ μ„ 톡해 μΆ”μ ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ νŒ¬λ°λ―Ήμ„ ν†΅μ œν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ”
09:16
to authoritarian regimes,
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λ‹¬μ½€ν•œ μ œμ•ˆμ„ ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•΄μš”.
09:18
today, it's offering to help track those infected with COVID-19.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ™μ‹œμ— λŒ€λŸ‰ν™”λœ 개인 정보 κ°μ‹œλΌλŠ” 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 츑면도 μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ£ .
09:23
And of course, technology does offer the tantalizing promise
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그럼 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 사적 κ°μ‹œ μ‹œμž₯에 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λŒ€μ‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
09:26
of helping control a pandemic through contact tracing.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μˆ¨κ±°λ‚˜, 인터넷을 λŠκ±°λ‚˜,
09:29
But it also opens up another door, to privatized mass surveillance.
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μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄λ₯Ό 끄고, μŠ€λ§ˆνŠΈν°μ„ λ²„λ¦¬κ±°λ‚˜,
09:33
So what do we do about this private spy bazaar?
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μ•„μ˜ˆ 동꡴에 λ“€μ–΄κ°€ μ‚΄ μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 사싀 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ „λ¬Έ ν›ˆλ ¨μ„ 받은 μŠ€νŒŒμ΄κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
09:37
We can hide, go offline,
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κ°€μ§œ μ‹ λΆ„μ΄λ‚˜ μ‹ λΆ„ 없이 세상을 μ‚΄μ•„κ°ˆ μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ–΄μš”.
09:38
get off social media, ditch our smartphones,
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09:41
go live in a cave,
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심지어 μ§„μ§œ μŠ€νŒŒμ΄λ„ κ°μ‹œλ§μ— 걸리지 μ•ŠκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ λ…Έλ ₯을 ν•˜κ³  있죠.
09:43
but the truth is, we're not trained to be professional spies,
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β€˜μ œμ΄μŠ¨ 본’이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ μ—¬κΆŒμ„ 가지고 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λŠ” μ€‘μš”μΉ˜ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
09:46
we can't live under false identities or with no identities.
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λ§Œμ•½ 그의 μ–Όκ΅΄μ΄λ‚˜ DNAκ°€ 이미 λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ˜ λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€μ— μžˆλ‹€λ©΄μš”.
09:49
And even real spies are having a hard time staying below the radar, these days.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 심지어 μ •λΆ€κ°€ κ°μ‹œ 도ꡬ에 λŒ€ν•œ ν†΅μ œλ₯Ό μžƒμ„ 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
09:53
It doesn't matter how many passports Jason Bourne has
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 일이 뭐가 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
09:56
if his face or DNA is in someone's database.
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μ œκ°€ λ“€μ—ˆλ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ£Όμž₯은
λ§Œμ•½ 미ꡭ이 νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κΈ°μˆ μ„
09:59
But if even governments have lost control of the tools of spying,
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ν•΄μ™Έλ‘œ νŒ”μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λ„둝 κ·œμ œν•œλ‹€λ©΄
10:02
is there anything we can do about it?
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쀑ꡭ νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ λ°”λ‘œ μ§„μž…ν•  것이라고 ν•΄μš”.
10:04
One argument I've heard
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 무기 거래λ₯Ό κ·œμ œν•˜κ³  있죠.
10:06
is that even if the US were to restrict companies
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μ™„λ²½ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄λ‚΄μ§€λŠ” λͺ»ν•˜λ”λΌλ„μš”.
10:08
from selling this sort of technology abroad,
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그리고 사싀 μˆ˜λ…„ 전에 λ‹€μžκ°„μ˜ μ œμ•ˆμ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
10:10
companies based in China might simply step in.
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10:13
But we regulate the arms trade today,
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μ˜€λ‘œμ§€ κ°μ‹œ μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄μ˜ 수좜 λΌμ΄μ„ΌμŠ€λ₯Ό
μš”κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
10:15
even if we do it imperfectly.
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ—­μ‹œ μ—¬λŸ¬ κ΅­κ°€λ“€ μ€‘μ—μ„œ
10:18
And in fact, there was a multilateral proposal several years ago
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 자발적인 κ·œμ œμ— λ™μ˜ν–ˆλ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ κ΅­κ°€μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
10:21
to do just that,
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10:22
to require export licenses for surveillance software.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄μ—μ„œμ˜ κ·Έ 일둜 이 μ œμ•ˆμ€ λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ μ‰½κ²Œ μ•½ν™”λ˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
우리 ν–‰μ •λΆ€λŠ” 였히렀 더 적은 규제λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ
10:26
The United States was among those countries
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10:28
that agreed to these voluntary regulations,
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더 λ§Žμ€ 무기λ₯Ό ν•΄μ™Έλ‘œ μˆ˜μΆœν•΄μš”.
심지어 κ°μ‹œ κΈ°μˆ μ„ λ‚¨μš©ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 고발 λ‹Ήν–ˆλ˜
10:30
but back in Washington, this proposal has simply languished.
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ κ΅­κ°€λ“€μ—κ²Œλ„μš”.
10:33
We have an administration that would rather sell more weapons abroad
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ•„κ°€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” κ·Έ μ œμ•ˆμ„ λ‹€μ‹œ νšŒμƒμ‹œμΌœμ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”.
10:37
with fewer restrictions,
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ν•œκ±ΈμŒ 더 μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ•„κ°€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
10:38
including to some of those countries
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 근본적으둜 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°μ‹œ κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ°”λ€Œμ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜κ³ 
10:40
accused of abusing surveillance technology.
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10:42
I think to move forward, we would need to revive that proposal,
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그리고 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 도ꡬλ₯Ό 무기둜 μ •μ˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.
10:45
but even go one step further.
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이것을 톡해 μ •λΆ€κ°€
νŒλ§€μ™€ μˆ˜μΆœμ„ κ·œμ œν•˜κ³  ν†΅μ œν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
10:47
We need to fundamentally change how we think of surveillance technology
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그듀이 전톡적인 무기, λ°œμ „λœ μ „νˆ¬κΈ°μ™€ 미사일을
10:51
and define these tools as weapons.
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ν†΅μ œν•˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
10:53
This would allow government
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 무엇을 ν•˜κ³ , 무엇을 λ§ν•˜κ³ ,
10:55
to regulate and control their sale and export
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10:57
the way that they control traditional arms,
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심지어 μ–΄λ–€ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ”
11:00
advanced aircraft and missiles.
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무엇을 μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ„ μΆ”μ ν•˜λŠ” κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 기술이
λ°œμ „λœ 무기의 ν•œ ν˜•νƒœμž„μ„ μΈμ‹ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•΄μš”.
11:03
But that means recognizing that technology that tracks who we are,
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그리고 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ¬΄κΈ°λŠ” κ°€μž₯ λΉ„μ‹Ό 값에 νŒ”λ¦΄ 수 있고
11:06
what we do, what we say,
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κ°μ‹œ 기술 μ‹œμž₯의 λΆ„μœ„κΈ°μ— 쒌우되며
11:08
and even in some cases, what we think,
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맀우 κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ²Œ λ°œμ „ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:10
is a form of advanced weaponry.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:12
And these weapons are growing too powerful,
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11:14
available to the highest bidder,
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11:16
and according to the whims of the spy bazaar.
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11:19
Thank you.
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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