The incredible chemistry powering your smartphone | Cathy Mulzer

147,563 views ・ 2019-12-23

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Translator: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz
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λ²ˆμ—­: Sukyung Choi κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
When I waltzed off to high school with my new Nokia phone,
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고등학ꡐ μ‹œμ ˆ μƒˆ λ…Έν‚€μ•„ ν•Έλ“œν°μ΄ 생겼을 λ•Œ
00:17
I thought I just had the new, coolest replacement
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뢄홍색 곡주 κ·Έλ¦Ό 무전기λ₯Ό λŒ€μ‹ ν• 
00:19
for my old pink princess walkie-talkie.
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μƒˆ 멋진 ν•Έλ“œν° μ •λ„λ‘œλ§Œ μ—¬κ²Όμ£ .
00:22
Except now, my friends and I could text or talk to each other
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ν•Έλ“œν°μ΄ 생기고 λ‚˜μ„œλŠ” 어디에 μžˆλ“ μ§€ μΉœκ΅¬λ“€κ³Ό
00:26
wherever we were,
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연락할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
instead of pretending,
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λ’€λœ°μ—μ„œ λ›°μ–΄λ‹€λ‹ˆλ©°
00:29
when we were running around each other's backyards.
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 척이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌμš”.
00:32
Now, I'll be honest.
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μ†”μ§νžˆ λ§ν•΄λ³Όκ²Œμš”.
00:34
Back then, I didn't think a lot about how these devices were made.
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κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—”, 이 κΈ°κΈ°λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ”μ§€ 별 관심이 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
They tended to show up on Christmas morning,
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크리슀마슀 아침에 μ„ λ¬Όλ‘œ λ°›κ³€ ν•΄μ„œ
00:40
so maybe they were made by the elves in Santa's workshop.
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산타 λ§ˆμ„μ—μ„œ μš”μ •λ“€μ΄ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμ£ .
00:44
Let me ask you a question.
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질문 ν•˜λ‚˜ ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
Who do you think the real elves that make these devices are?
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이 κΈ°κΈ°λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” μ§„μ§œ μš”μ •μ€ λˆ„κ΅¬μΌκΉŒμš”?
00:51
If I ask a lot of the people I know,
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μ£Όλ³€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 물어보면,
00:53
they would say it's the hoodie-wearing software engineers in Silicon Valley,
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μ‹€λ¦¬μ½˜ λ°Έλ¦¬μ—μ„œ μ½”λ“œλ₯Ό μ§œλŠ” ν›„λ“œ 차림의 μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄ μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄λΌκ³  ν•  κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
00:57
hacking away at code.
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00:59
But a lot has to happen to these devices
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그런데 μ½”λ“œκ°€ μž‘μ„±λ˜κΈ° 전에
01:01
before they're ready for any kind of code.
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이 κΈ°κΈ°μ—” λ§Žμ€ 일듀이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
These devices start at the atomic level.
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이 κΈ°κΈ°λŠ” μ›μž λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
So if you ask me,
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제게 물어보신닀면,
01:09
the real elves are the chemists.
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μ§„μ§œ μš”μ •λ“€μ€ ν™”ν•™μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
That's right, I said the chemists.
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λ§žμ•„μš”, ν™”ν•™μžλ“€μ΄μ—μš”.
01:16
Chemistry is the hero of electronic communications.
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화학은 μ „μž ν†΅μ‹ μ˜ μ˜μ›…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
And my goal today is to convince you
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그리고 였늘 제 λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 이에 λ™μ˜ν•˜λ„λ‘
01:23
to agree with me.
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μ„€λ“ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
OK, let's start simple,
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, μ‹œμž‘ν•΄ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
01:27
and take a look inside these insanely addictive devices.
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이 쀑독성이 κ°•ν•œ κΈ°κΈ° λ‚΄λΆ€λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
01:32
Because without chemistry,
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화학이 μ—†λ‹€λ©΄,
01:34
what is an information superhighway that we love,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” μ΄ˆκ³ μ† 정보 톡신망은
01:38
would just be a really expensive, shiny paperweight.
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정말 λΉ„μ‹Έκ³  λΉ›λ‚˜λŠ” 문진에 λΆˆκ³Όν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
Chemistry enables all of these layers.
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화학은 이 λͺ¨λ“  측이 μž‘λ™ν•˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
Let's start at the display.
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λ””μŠ€ν”Œλ ˆμ΄λΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•΄ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
01:48
How do you think we get those bright, vivid colors
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 정말 μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” 밝고 μ„ λͺ…ν•œ 색상은
01:50
that we love so much?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§ˆκΉŒμš”?
01:53
Well, I'll tell you.
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μ œκ°€ μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦΄κ²Œμš”.
01:54
There's organic polymers embedded within the display,
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λ””μŠ€ν”Œλ ˆμ΄ μ•ˆμ—λŠ” 유기 폴리머가 λ‚΄μž₯λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
01:57
that can take electricity and turn it into the blue, red and green
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유기 ν΄λ¦¬λ¨ΈλŠ” μ „κΈ°λ₯Ό μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 사진 μ†μ—μ„œ μ¦κΈ°λŠ”
02:01
that we enjoy in our pictures.
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νŒŒλž‘, λΉ¨κ°•, 초둝으둜 λ°”κΎΈμ£ .
02:04
What if we move down to the battery?
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λ°°ν„°λ¦¬λ‘œ λ‚΄λ €κ°€ λ³ΌκΉŒμš”?
02:07
Now there's some intense research.
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이 뢀뢄은 μ’€ λ³΅μž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
How do we take the chemical principles of traditional batteries
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κΈ°μ‘΄ λ°°ν„°λ¦¬μ˜ ν™”ν•™ 원리λ₯Ό
02:13
and pair it with new, high surface area electrodes,
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 상뢀 μ „κ·Ήκ³Ό μ—°κ²° 지을 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
02:16
so we can pack more charge in a smaller footprint of space,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 더 λ§Žμ€ μ „ν•˜λ₯Ό 더 μž‘μ€ 곡간에 λ„£κ³ ,
02:20
so that we could power our devices all day long,
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ν•˜λ£¨ 쒅일 μŠ€λ§ˆνŠΈν°μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ„λ‘ 말이죠.
02:22
while we're taking selfies,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ…€μΉ΄λ₯Ό μ°λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ
02:24
without having to recharge our batteries
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배터리λ₯Ό μž¬μΆ©μ „ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
02:26
or sit tethered to an electrical outlet?
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μ½˜μ„ΌνŠΈμ— 꽂아두지 μ•Šκ³ λ„μš”.
02:30
What if we go to the adhesives that bind it all together,
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자주 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λ„ κ²¬λ”œ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘
02:33
so that it could withstand our frequent usage?
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λͺ¨λ“  λΆ€ν’ˆμ„ μ—°κ²°ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” μ ‘μ°©μ œλ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
After all, as a millennial,
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μ €λŠ” λ°€λ ˆλ‹ˆμ–Ό μ„ΈλŒ€λ‘œμ„œ
02:38
I have to take my phone out at least 200 times a day to check it,
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ν•˜λ£¨μ— μ΅œμ†Œ 200λ²ˆμ€ μŠ€λ§ˆνŠΈν°μ„ κΊΌλ‚΄μ„œ ν™•μΈν•˜λŠ”λ°
02:42
and in the process, drop it two to three times.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹€κ°€ 두세 번 λ–¨μ–΄λœ¨λ¦¬κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
But what are the real brains of these devices?
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그런데 이 기기의 μ§„μ§œ λ‘λ‡ŒλŠ” λ­˜κΉŒμš”?
02:50
What makes them work the way that we love them so much?
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무엇이 이걸 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ‹λŒ€λ‘œ μž‘λ™ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
02:54
Well that all has to do with electrical components and circuitry
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κ·Έ λͺ¨λ“  것은 인쇄 회둜 κΈ°νŒμ— λΆ™μ–΄ μžˆλŠ”
02:57
that are tethered to a printed circuit board.
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μ „κΈ° λΆ€ν’ˆ 및 νšŒλ‘œμ™€ 관련이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
Or maybe you prefer a biological metaphor --
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생물학적 λΉ„μœ λ₯Ό μ„ ν˜Έν•˜μ‹ λ‹€λ©΄
03:03
the motherboard, you might have heard of that.
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'λ§ˆλ”λ³΄λ“œ'λΌλŠ” 건데, 듀어보셨을 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
03:07
Now, the printed circuit board doesn't really get talked about a lot.
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인쇄 회둜 κΈ°νŒμ€ 많이 μ–ΈκΈ‰λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λŠ”λ°
03:10
And I'll be honest, I don't know why that is.
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μ†”μ§νžˆ μ™œ κ·ΈλŸ°μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μ–΄μš”.
03:12
Maybe it's because it's the least sexy layer
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κ°€μž₯ 덜 ν₯λ―Έλ‘œμ›Œμ„œμΌ μˆ˜λ„ 있고
03:14
and it's hidden beneath all of those other sleek-looking layers.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ©‹μ Έ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” μΈ΅ μ•„λž˜μ— μˆ¨κ²¨μ Έμ„œ 그럴 μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
03:18
But it's time to finally give this Clark Kent layer
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이 클락 μΌ„νŠΈ 측이
03:21
the Superman-worthy praise it deserves.
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사싀은 μŠˆνΌλ§¨μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ•„μ°¨λ¦¬κ³  μΉ­μ°¬ν•΄ 쀄 μ‹œκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
And so I ask you a question.
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질문 ν•˜λ‚˜ ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
What do you think a printed circuit board is?
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인쇄 회둜 기판이 뭐라고 μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
03:31
Well, consider a metaphor.
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'λ§ˆλ”λ³΄λ“œ'λΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό λ– μ˜¬λ € λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
03:33
Think about the city that you live in.
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μ‚΄κ³  계신 λ„μ‹œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
03:35
You have all these points of interest that you want to get to:
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자주 κ°€λŠ” 곳듀이 μžˆμ„ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
03:39
your home, your work, restaurants,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 집, 직μž₯, 식당,
03:42
a couple of Starbucks on every block.
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κ±°λ¦¬λ§ˆλ‹€ μžˆλŠ” μŠ€νƒ€λ²…μŠ€μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
03:45
And so we build roads that connect them all together.
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그리고 κ·Έ μž₯μ†Œλ“€μ„ μ—°κ²°ν•˜λŠ” λ„λ‘œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
That's what a printed circuit board is.
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그것이 λ°”λ‘œ 인쇄 회둜 κΈ°νŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
Except, instead of having things like restaurants,
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식당 λŒ€μ‹ μ— μΉ© μƒμ˜ νŠΈλ Œμ§€μŠ€ν„°,
03:55
we have transistors on chips,
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03:58
capacitors, resistors,
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μ½˜λ΄μ„œ, λ ˆμ§€μŠ€ν„° 같은
04:00
all of these electrical components
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μ „κΈ° λΆ€ν’ˆλ“€μ΄ 있고
04:02
that need to find a way to talk to each other.
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이것듀을 μ—°κ²°ν•˜λŠ” λ„λ‘œκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
And so what are our roads?
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그러면 λ„λ‘œλŠ” 무엇이죠?
04:08
Well, we build tiny copper wires.
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μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ ꡬ리선을 λ„λ‘œλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
So the next question is,
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그럼 λ‹€μŒ μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
how do we make these tiny copper wires?
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이 μž‘μ€ ꡬ리선을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€κΉŒμš”?
04:16
They're really small.
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ꡬ리선은 정말 μž‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
Could it be that we go to the hardware store,
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ν•˜λ“œμ›¨μ–΄ 상점에 κ°€μ„œ
04:20
pick up a spool of copper wire,
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ꡬ리선 ν•œ λ­‰μΉ˜λ₯Ό 가져와
04:22
get some wire cutters, a little clip-clip,
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철사 λŠλŠ” 기ꡬ둜 싹독 싹독 자λ₯΄λ©΄
04:25
saw it all up and then, bam -- we have our printed circuit board?
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μΏ΅ν•˜κ³  λ‚˜μ„œ, 인쇄 회둜 기판이 μƒκΈ°λ‚˜μš”?
04:30
No way.
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μ ˆλŒ€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
04:31
These wires are way too small for that.
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이 선듀은 κ·ΈλŸ¬κΈ°μ—” λ„ˆλ¬΄ μž‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
And so we have to rely on our friend: chemistry.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리의 친ꡬ 화학에 μ˜μ‘΄ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
Now, the chemical process to make these tiny copper wires
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이 μž‘μ€ ꡬ리선을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 화학적 과정은
04:41
is seemingly simple.
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κ²‰λ³΄κΈ°μ—λŠ” κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
We start with a solution
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μ–‘μ „ν•˜λ₯Ό 띀 ꡬ리 이온 μˆ˜μš©μ•‘μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•΄ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
04:45
of positively charged copper spheres.
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04:49
We then add to it an insulating printed circuit board.
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λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ 거기에 μ ˆμ—° 인쇄 회둜 κΈ°νŒμ„ λ„£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:53
And we feed those positively charged spheres
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그리고 μ–‘μ „ν•˜λ₯Ό 띀 μ΄μ˜¨μ— μŒμ „ν•˜λ₯Ό λ λŠ” μ „μžλ“€μ„ 곡급해 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
negatively charged electrons
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04:58
by adding formaldehyde to the mix.
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ν¬λ¦„μ•Œλ°νžˆλ“œλ₯Ό λ„£μ–΄μ£ΌλŠ” λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œμš”.
05:01
So you might remember formaldehyde.
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ν¬λ¦„μ•Œλ°νžˆλ“œλ₯Ό κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ‹€ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
05:02
Really distinct odor,
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정말 λ…νŠΉν•œ λƒ„μƒˆκ°€ λ‚˜κ³ 
05:04
used to preserve frogs in biology class.
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생물 μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ 개ꡬ리λ₯Ό λ³΄μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ£ .
05:08
Well it turns out it can do a lot more than just that.
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그런데 κ·Έ 외에도 λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κ²Œ μ“°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
And it's a really key component
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그리고 이 μž‘μ€ ꡬ리선을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ”λ°
05:12
to making these tiny copper wires.
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정말 핡심 μ„±λΆ„μ΄μ—μš”.
05:16
You see, the electrons on formaldehyde have a drive.
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ν¬λ¦„μ•Œλ°νžˆλ“œμ˜ μ „μžλŠ”
05:19
They want to jump over to those positively charged copper spheres.
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μ–‘μ „ν•˜λ₯Ό 띀 ꡬ리 이온으둜 μ΄λ™ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:24
And that's all because of a process known as redox chemistry.
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이건 λͺ¨λ‘ μ‚°ν™” ν™˜μ› λ°˜μ‘μ΄λΌλŠ” κ³Όμ • λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
And when that happens,
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이 λ°˜μ‘μ΄ 일어날 λ•Œ,
05:30
we can take these positively charged copper spheres
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 μ–‘μ „ν•˜λ₯Ό 띀 ꡬ리 μ΄μ˜¨μ„
05:33
and turn them into bright,
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밝고 λΉ›λ‚˜λŠ” 전도성을 κ°–λŠ” κΈˆμ† ꡬ리둜 μ„μΆœμ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
shiny, metallic and conductive copper.
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05:40
And once we have conductive copper,
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전도성을 가진 ꡬ리가 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμœΌλ©΄,
05:42
now we're cooking with gas.
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λ‹€ 잘 된 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:44
And we can get all of those electrical components
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이제 이 λͺ¨λ“  μ „κΈ° λΆ€ν’ˆλ“€μ΄ μ„œλ‘œ
05:46
to talk to each other.
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연결될 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
05:48
So thank you once again to chemistry.
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화학에 λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œλ²ˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•΄μ•Όκ² λ„€μš”.
05:51
And let's take a thought
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ν•œλ²ˆ 생각해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
05:53
and think about how far we've come with chemistry.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν™”ν•™κ³Ό μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 멀리 μ™”λŠ”μ§€ 생각해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
05:57
Clearly, in electronic communications,
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λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ, μ „μž ν†΅μ‹ μ—μ„œ
06:00
size matters.
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ν¬κΈ°λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:02
So let's think about how we can shrink down our devices,
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기기의 크기λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 쀄일 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ 생각해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
06:05
so that we can go from our 1990s Zack Morris cell phone
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1990λ…„λŒ€ 잭 λͺ¨λ¦¬μŠ€ ν•Έλ“œν°μ—μ„œ
06:09
to something a little bit more sleek,
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μ’€ 더 멋진
06:10
like the phones of today that can fit in our pockets.
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μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆμ— 넣을 수 μžˆλŠ” 슀마트폰으둜 진화해 μ™”μ£ .
06:13
Although, let's be real here:
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그런데 ν˜„μ‹€μ μœΌλ‘œ 보면
06:15
absolutely nothing can fit into ladies' pants pockets,
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μ—¬μ„± 바지 μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆμ—λŠ” μ ˆλŒ€ 아무 것도 듀어가지 μ•Šμ•„μš”.
06:19
if you can find a pair of pants that has pockets.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆκ°€ μžˆλŠ” 바지λ₯Ό 찾을 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄μš”.
06:22
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:23
And I don't think chemistry can help us with that problem.
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화학이 이 문제λ₯Ό 도와쀄 순 없을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:28
But more important than shrinking the actual device,
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기기의 크기λ₯Ό μ€„μ΄λŠ” 것보닀 더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은
06:32
how do we shrink the circuitry inside of it,
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κ·Έ λ‚΄λΆ€μ˜ 회둜λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ€„μ΄λŠ”μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
and shrink it by 100 times,
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그리고 100λ°° μ€„μ΄λŠ” κ±Έ λ§ν•΄μš”.
06:36
so that we can take the circuitry from the micron scale
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회둜λ₯Ό 미크둠 λ‹¨μœ„μ—μ„œ
06:39
all the way down to the nanometer scale?
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λ‚˜λ…Έλ―Έν„° λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ 쀄이기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
06:42
Because, let's face it,
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μ†”μ§νžˆ 말해보죠.
06:44
right now we all want more powerful and faster phones.
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μ§€κΈˆ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ 더 κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ³  λΉ λ₯Έ μŠ€λ§ˆνŠΈν°μ„ μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
Well, more power and faster requires more circuitry.
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더 κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ³  λΉ λ₯Έ 것은 더 λ§Žμ€ 회둜λ₯Ό ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:53
So how do we do this?
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이걸 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
06:55
It's not like we have some magic electromagnetic shrink ray,
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λ§ˆλ²•μ˜ μ „μžκΈ° μΆ•μ†Œ κ΄‘μ„  같은 κ±Έ 가지고 ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:58
like professor Wayne Szalinski used in "Honey, I Shrunk the Kids"
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웨인 μŠ€μž˜λ¦°μŠ€ν‚€ ꡐ수의 "애듀이 μ€„μ—ˆμ–΄μš”" μ˜ν™”μ—μ„œ
07:01
to shrink his children.
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애듀을 μ€„μ΄λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
07:03
On accident, of course.
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μ‹€μˆ˜λ‘œ 말이죠.
07:05
Or do we?
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이게 κ°€λŠ₯ν• κΉŒμš”?
07:07
Well, actually, in the field,
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ ν˜„μ—…μ—μ„œλŠ” 이와 맀우 μœ μ‚¬ν•œ 과정이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
there's a process that's pretty similar to that.
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07:12
And it's name is photolithography.
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ν¬ν† λ¦¬μ†Œκ·Έλž˜ν”ΌλΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:15
In photolithography, we take electromagnetic radiation,
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ν¬ν† λ¦¬μ†Œκ·Έλž˜ν”Όμ—μ„œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ „μžκΈ° 방사선을 가지고,
07:18
or what we tend to call light,
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 빛이라고 λΆ€λ₯΄κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ£ .
07:20
and we use it to shrink down some of that circuitry,
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빛을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 회둜λ₯Ό μΆ•μ†Œμ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
so that we could cram more of it into a really small space.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 더 λ§Žμ€ 회둜λ₯Ό μž‘μ€ 곡간에 λ°€μ–΄ 넣을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:29
Now, how does this work?
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이 곡정에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œμ•„λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
07:32
Well, we start with a substrate
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λ¨Όμ € 빛에 λ―Όκ°ν•œ 필름이 μžˆλŠ”
07:33
that has a light-sensitive film on it.
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기판이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:36
We then cover it with a mask that has a pattern on top of it
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κ·Έ μœ„μ— λ―Έμ„Έν•œ
07:40
of fine lines and features
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μ›ν•˜λŠ” 회둜 νŒ¨ν„΄μ˜
07:42
that are going to make the phone work the way that we want it to.
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마슀크λ₯Ό 올렀 λ†“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:45
We then expose a bright light and shine it through this mask,
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κ·Έ ν›„ 밝은 빛에 λ…ΈμΆœμ‹œν‚€κ³  λ§ˆμŠ€ν¬μ— 빛을 μͺΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:49
which creates a shadow of that pattern on the surface.
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이둜 인해 ν‘œλ©΄μ— νŒ¨ν„΄μ˜ κ·Έλ¦Όμžκ°€ μƒμ„±λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:53
Now, anywhere that the light can get through the mask,
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빛을 받은 λΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œ
07:56
it's going to cause a chemical reaction to occur.
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ν™”ν•™ λ°˜μ‘μ΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:00
And that's going to burn the image of that pattern into the substrate.
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이λ₯Ό 톡해 νŒ¨ν„΄ λͺ¨μ–‘이 κΈ°νŒμ— ν˜•μ„±λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:04
So the question you're probably asking is,
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그럼 ν˜•μ„±λœ νŒ¨ν„΄ λͺ¨μ–‘μ—μ„œ
08:06
how do we go from a burned image
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ„ λͺ…ν•˜κ³  λ―Έμ„Έν•œ νŒ¨ν„΄μ„
08:08
to clean fine lines and features?
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λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κ²Œλ” ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ κΆκΈˆν•˜μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:11
And for that, we have to use a chemical solution
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이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ ν˜„μƒμ•‘μ΄λΌλŠ” ν™”ν•™ μ•½ν’ˆμ„
08:14
called the developer.
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μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:16
Now the developer is special.
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ν˜„μƒμ•‘μ€ νŠΉλ³„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:18
What it can do is take all of the nonexposed areas
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ν˜„μƒμ•‘μ€ 빛에 λ…ΈμΆœλ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 뢀뢄을
08:21
and remove them selectively,
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μ„ νƒμ μœΌλ‘œ μ œκ±°ν•˜μ—¬
08:23
leaving behind clean fine lines and features,
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μ„ λͺ…ν•˜κ³  λ―Έμ„Έν•œ μ›ν•˜λŠ” 회둜 νŒ¨ν„΄μ„ 남기고
08:26
and making our miniaturized devices work.
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우리의 μ†Œν˜•ν™”λœ κΈ°κΈ°κ°€ μž‘λ™ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:30
So, we've used chemistry now to build up our devices,
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우리의 κΈ°κΈ°λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ,
08:34
and we've used it to shrink down our devices.
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그리고 기기의 크기λ₯Ό 쀄이기 μœ„ν•΄ 화학을 μ΄μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:37
So I've probably convinced you that chemistry is the true hero,
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화학이 μ§„μ •ν•œ μ˜μ›…μ΄λΌκ³  μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ„ μ„€λ“ν•œ 것 κ°™κ΅°μš”.
08:40
and we could wrap it up there.
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그럼 끝내도 λ˜κ² λ„€μš”.
08:42
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
08:43
Hold on, we're not done.
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μž μ‹œλ§Œμš”, μ•ˆ λλ‚¬μ–΄μš”.
08:45
Not so fast.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ λΉ λ₯΄μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
08:47
Because we're all human.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ μΈκ°„μ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
08:48
And as a human, I always want more.
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μΈκ°„μœΌλ‘œμ„œ, μ „ 항상 더 λ§Žμ€ 것을 μ›ν•˜μ£ .
08:51
And so now I want to think about how to use chemistry
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슀마트폰으둜 더 λ§Žμ€ 일을 ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
08:54
to extract more out of a device.
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화학을 μ΄μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 생각해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
08:57
Right now, we're being told that we want something called 5G,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ†Œμœ„ 5G라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” λ˜λŠ” λ‹€κ°€μ˜¬ 5μ„ΈλŒ€ 무선 톡신을
09:01
or the promised fifth generation of wireless.
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μ›ν•œλ‹€κ³  μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:05
Now, you might have heard of 5G
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μš”μ¦˜ κ΄‘κ³ μ—μ„œ λ“±μž₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”
09:07
in commercials that are starting to appear.
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5G에 λŒ€ν•΄ 듀어보셨을 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
09:10
Or maybe some of you even experienced it
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 2018λ…„ 동계 μ˜¬λ¦Όν”½μ—μ„œ
09:12
in the 2018 winter Olympics.
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보셨을 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆκ³ μš”.
09:15
What I'm most excited about for 5G
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5G에 λŒ€ν•΄ κ°€μž₯ ν₯미둜운 점은
09:18
is that, when I'm late, running out of the house to catch a plane,
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λŠ¦μ–΄μ„œ λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°λ₯Ό 타렀고 λ›°μ–΄κ°ˆ λ•Œ
09:21
I can download movies onto my device in 40 seconds
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μ˜ν™”λ₯Ό 40초 λ§Œμ— λ‹€μš΄λ‘œλ“œν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:25
as opposed to 40 minutes.
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40뢄이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌμš”.
09:28
But once true 5G is here,
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그런데 μ§„μ •ν•œ 5Gκ°€ 있으면
09:29
it's going to be a lot more than how many movies
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λ§Žμ€ μ˜ν™”λ₯Ό λ‹€μš΄λ‘œλ“œν•˜λŠ” 것보닀
09:32
we can put on our device.
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더 λ§Žμ€ 일이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•΄μš”.
09:34
So the question is, why is true 5G not here?
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그럼 μ™œ μ§„μ •ν•œ 5Gκ°€ 아직 μ—†μ„κΉŒμš”?
09:38
And I'll let you in on a little secret.
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μž‘μ€ λΉ„λ°€ ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦΄κ²Œμš”.
09:40
It's pretty easy to answer.
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λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜κΈ° 맀우 μ‰¬μš΄ λ¬Έμ œμ˜ˆμš”.
09:42
It's just plain hard to do.
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ν•˜λŠ” 것 μžμ²΄κ°€ μ–΄λ €μ›Œμ„œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:45
You see, if you use those traditional materials and copper
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5G κΈ°κΈ°λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ”λ°
09:48
to build 5G devices,
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기쑴의 물질과 ꡬ리λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜λ©΄
09:50
the signal can't make it to its final destination.
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μ‹ ν˜ΈλŠ” μ΅œμ’… λͺ©μ μ§€κΉŒμ§€ 도달할 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:55
Traditionally, we use really rough insulating layers
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기쑴에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ꡬ리선을 μ§€μ§€ν•˜λŠ”
10:00
to support copper wires.
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거친 μ ˆμ—° 측을 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:02
Think about Velcro fasteners.
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벨크둜 접착포에 λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
10:05
It's the roughness of the two pieces that make them stick together.
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접착포가 μ„œλ‘œ 달라뢙도둝 ν‘œλ©΄μ΄ κ±°μΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:10
That's pretty important if you want to have a device
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이 점은 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:12
that's going to last longer
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λ°•μŠ€μ—μ„œ μŠ€λ§ˆνŠΈν°μ„ κΊΌλ‚΄
10:14
than it takes you to rip it out of the box
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거기에 앱을 μ„€μΉ˜ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„λ³΄λ‹€
10:16
and start installing all of your apps on it.
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슀마트폰이 였래 μœ μ§€λ˜κΈΈ λ°”λž€λ‹€λ©΄μš”.
10:19
But this roughness causes a problem.
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그런데 이 거친 면이
10:21
You see, at the high speeds for 5G
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문제λ₯Ό μΌμœΌν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ λ₯Έ μ†λ„μ˜ 5Gμ—μ„œ
10:25
the signal has to travel close to that roughness.
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μ‹ ν˜ΈλŠ” 거친 λ©΄κ³Ό κ°€κΉŒμ΄ 이동해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:29
And it makes it get lost before it reaches its final destination.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ΅œμ’… λͺ©μ μ§€ 도달 전에 μ‚¬λΌμ§€κ²Œ 되죠.
10:34
Think about a mountain range.
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μ‚°λ§₯에 λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
10:36
And you have a complex system of roads that goes up and over it,
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산에 였λ₯΄λŠ” 길이 λ³΅μž‘ν•˜λ©΄
10:39
and you're trying to get to the other side.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 길둜 λŒμ•„κ°€λ € ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:42
Don't you agree with me
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그렇지 μ•Šλ‚˜μš”?
10:43
that it would probably take a really long time,
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 맀우 였래 걸릴 μˆ˜λ„ 있고
10:47
and you would probably get lost,
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길을 μžƒμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
10:49
if you had to go up and down all of the mountains,
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산을 였λ₯΄λ½ 내리락해야 ν•œλ‹€λ©΄μš”.
10:51
as opposed to if you just drilled a flat tunnel
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ν‰ν‰ν•œ 터널을 따라
10:54
that could go straight on through?
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μ­‰ κ°€λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌμš”.
10:56
Well it's the same thing in our 5G devices.
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5G κΈ°κΈ°μ—μ„œλ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:59
If we could remove this roughness,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 거친 면을 μ œκ±°ν•˜λ©΄,
11:01
then we can send the 5G signal
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5G μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό 쀑단 없이
11:03
straight on through uninterrupted.
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λ˜‘λ°”λ‘œ 보낼 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:05
Sounds pretty good, right?
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κ½€ μ’‹κ²Œ 듀리죠?
11:07
But hold on.
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그런데 κΈ°λ‹€λ € λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
11:09
Didn't I just tell you that we needed that roughness
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λ‹¬λΌλΆ™κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”λ° 거친 면이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  방금 λ§μ”€λ“œλ Έμ£ ?
11:11
to keep the device together?
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11:13
And if we remove it, we're in a situation where now the copper
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κ·Έκ±Έ μ œκ±°ν•˜λ©΄, κ΅¬λ¦¬λŠ” ν•˜λΆ€ κΈ°νŒμ—
11:16
isn't going to stick to that underlying substrate.
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λΆ™μ–΄μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:19
Think about building a house of Lego blocks,
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μ„œλ‘œ 맞물렀 λΌμ›Œμ§„ 레고 λΈ”λ‘μœΌλ‘œ
11:22
with all of the nooks and crannies that latch together,
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집을 μ§“λŠ” κ±Έ 생각해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
11:26
as opposed to smooth building blocks.
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λ§€λ„λŸ¬μš΄ 블둝이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌμš”.
11:29
Which of the two is going to have more structural integrity
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두 μ‚΄ 된 아이가 μ™€μ„œ
11:32
when the two-year-old comes ripping through the living room,
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고질라 놀이λ₯Ό ν•˜λ €κ³  λ•Œλ € λΆ€μˆ˜λ©΄ λ‘˜ 쀑 μ–΄λ–€ 게
11:35
trying to play Godzilla and knock everything down?
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더 ꡬ쑰적으둜 κ²¬κ³ ν• κΉŒμš”?
11:39
But what if we put glue on those smooth blocks?
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λ§€λ„λŸ¬μš΄ 블둝에 μ ‘μ°©μ œλ₯Ό λ°”λ₯΄λ©΄μš”?
11:43
And that's what the industry is waiting for.
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그것이 λ°”λ‘œ 산업이 기닀리고 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:45
They're waiting for the chemists to design new, smooth surfaces
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ν™”ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ ꡬ리선을 μœ„ν•œ
11:49
with increased inherent adhesion
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ν–₯μƒλœ μ ‘μ°©λ ₯이 λ‚΄μž¬λœ λ§€λˆν•œ ν‘œλ©΄μ„
11:51
for some of those copper wires.
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μ„€κ³„ν•˜κΈΈ 기닀리고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
11:54
And when we solve this problem,
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이 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λ©΄,
11:55
and we will solve the problem,
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이 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•΄λ‚Ό κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:57
and we'll work with physicists and engineers
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그러면 λ¬Όλ¦¬ν•™μž 및 μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄μ™€ ν˜‘λ ₯ν•˜μ—¬
11:59
to solve all of the challenges of 5G,
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5G의 λͺ¨λ“  문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:03
well then the number of applications is going to skyrocket.
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그럼 μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ λ§Žμ€ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ μ‘μš©λ  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
12:06
So yeah, we'll have things like self-driving cars,
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자율 μ£Όν–‰ μžλ™μ°¨λ„ κ°œλ°œν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
12:09
because now our data networks can handle the speeds
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데이터 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬κ°€ 속도와
12:13
and the amount of information required to make that work.
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그에 ν•„μš”ν•œ μ •λ³΄μ˜ 양을 μ²˜λ¦¬ν•  수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
12:16
But let's start to use imagination.
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상상λ ₯을 동원해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
12:19
I can imagine going into a restaurant with a friend that has a peanut allergy,
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땅콩 μ•Œλ ˆλ₯΄κΈ°κ°€ μžˆλŠ” μΉœκ΅¬μ™€ 식당에 κ°„λ‹€κ³  상상해 λ³Όκ²Œμš”.
12:23
taking out my phone,
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μŠ€λ§ˆνŠΈν°μ„ κΊΌλ‚΄μ„œ
12:25
waving it over the food
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μŒμ‹ μœ„μ— 흔듀면
12:26
and having the food tell us
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ
12:29
a really important answer to a question --
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정말 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— 닡을 ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:32
deadly or safe to consume?
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먹어도 μ•ˆμ „ν•œμ§€ μœ„ν—˜ν•œμ§€λ₯Ό 말이죠.
12:35
Or maybe our devices will get so good
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λ˜λŠ” μš°λ¦¬μ— λŒ€ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό
12:38
at processing information about us,
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잘 μ²˜λ¦¬ν•΄μ€˜μ„œ
12:41
that they'll become like our personal trainers.
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우리의 개인 νŠΈλ ˆμ΄λ„ˆκ°€ 될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
12:44
And they'll know the most efficient way for us to burn calories.
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κ°€μž₯ 효과적으둜 칼둜리λ₯Ό νƒœμš°λŠ” 방법을 μ•Œλ €μ€„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:48
I know come November,
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μ œκ°€ 11월에
12:49
when I'm trying to burn off some of these pregnancy pounds,
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λͺ‡ ν‚€λ‘œλ₯Ό κ°λŸ‰ν•˜λ €κ³  ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
12:52
I would love a device that could tell me how to do that.
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κ·Έ 방법을 μ•Œλ €μ£ΌλŠ” κΈ°κΈ°κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©΄ μ’‹μ•˜μ„ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
12:56
I really don't know another way of saying it,
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이λ₯Ό ν‘œν˜„ν•  λ‹€λ₯Έ 방법을 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² λ„€μš”.
12:59
except chemistry is just cool.
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화학이 정말 λ©‹μ§€λ‹€λŠ” λ§λ°–μ—λŠ”μš”.
13:01
And it enables all of these electronic devices.
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화학은 λͺ¨λ“  μ „μž 기기듀이 μž‘λ™ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:05
So the next time you send a text or take a selfie,
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λ‹€μŒμ— 문자λ₯Ό λ³΄λ‚΄κ±°λ‚˜ μ…€μΉ΄λ₯Ό 찍을 λ•Œ
13:09
think about all those atoms that are hard at work
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μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ μΌν•˜λŠ” μ›μžλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
13:11
and the innovation that came before them.
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그리고 곧 λ‹€κ°€μ˜¬ ν˜μ‹ μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ„μš”.
13:15
Who knows,
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄
13:16
maybe even some of you listening to this talk,
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이 강연을 λ“£κ³  계신 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 쀑 λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€
13:18
perhaps even on your mobile device,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ λͺ¨λ°”일 κΈ°κΈ° μƒμ—μ„œ
13:20
will decide that you too want to play sidekick
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ν™”ν•™ λŒ€μž₯λ‹˜μ˜ μ‘°μˆ˜κ°€ 되길
13:23
to Captain Chemistry,
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λ°”λž„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄μ£ .
13:24
the true hero of electronic devices.
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화학은 μ „μž 기기의 μ§„μ •ν•œ μ˜μ›…μ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
13:28
Thank you for your attention,
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κ²½μ²­ν•΄ μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:29
and thank you chemistry.
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화학에도 감사λ₯Ό ν‘œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:31
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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