How hip-hop helps us understand science | Danielle N. Lee

46,955 views ใƒป 2019-05-14

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Soo in Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
How y'all doing?
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”?
00:14
Good.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
I came here to give you a science lesson
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณผํ•™ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
about animal mating systems
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๋™๋ฌผ ๊ต๋ฐฐ ์ฒด๊ณ„์™€
00:21
and why defining monogamy has been a challenge for scientists.
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์ผ๋ถ€์ผ์ฒ˜์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚œ์ œ์ธ ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:25
But you won't need a textbook or to download an online lecture.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋‚˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ํ•„์š” ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
All you'll simply need to do is revisit the song "OPP"
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ โ€œOPPโ€๋ผ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
by Naughty by Nature.
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๋…ธํ‹ฐ ๋ฐ”์ด ๋„ค์ด์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋ฅธ ๋…ธ๋ž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:36
It was released in 1991.
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1991๋…„๋„์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
Now, "OPP" is a call-and-response song.
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โ€œOPPโ€๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋‹ต ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋…ธ๋ž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
So throughout the talk, I'm going to put lyrics up on the screen,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ํ™”๋ฉด์— ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์›Œ ๋†“๊ณ 
00:47
and I'm going to recite some
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ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ์–ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
00:49
and I'm going to prompt you
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ฐจ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
00:50
when it's your turn to do the response, OK?
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์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”, ์•„์…จ์ฃ ?
00:52
(Cheers)
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(ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
00:53
Now, I know some people in this audience know this song,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๋…ธ๋ž˜ ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์„ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
00:56
so I need you to lead the way with the tempo and the rhythm,
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ•์ž์™€ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
00:59
if that's alright, OK?
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์ฃ ?
01:00
Right, y'all ready?
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ค€๋น„ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
01:02
You down with OPP?
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O.P.P. ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:04
Audience: Yeah, you know me!
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๊ด€๊ฐ: ๋„ค, ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ฃ !
01:05
DNL: You down with OPP?
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๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜: ์ค€๋น„๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
01:07
Audience: Yeah, you know me!
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๊ด€๊ฐ: ๋„ค, ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ฃ !
01:08
DNL: You down with OPP?
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๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜: ์ค€๋น„๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
01:09
Audience: Yeah, you know me!
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๊ด€๊ฐ: ๋„ค, ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ฃ !
01:11
DNL: That was perfect.
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๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜: ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
01:12
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
"OPP, how can I explain it?
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"OPP, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
01:16
I'll take it frame by frame it.
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๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
01:18
To have y'all jumping shout and singing it
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋›ฐ๋ฉฐ ๋…ธ๋ž˜ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋„๋ก์š”.
01:20
O is for other, P is for people. scratch your temple.
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O๋Š” '๋‹ค๋ฅธ(other)'๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๊ณ  P๋Š” '์‚ฌ๋žŒ(people)'์ด์—์š”, ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธ์ ์—ฌ์š”.
01:22
The last P, well, that's not that simple."
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ P๋Š”, ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์•„์š”."
01:25
Now, in the song, the MC hints that it's a five-letter word,
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๋…ธ๋ž˜์—์„œ๋Š” MC๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ธ€์ž ๋‹จ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํžŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
but to keep it rated PG,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋™์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:30
he simply refers to it as "property."
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ "์žฌ์‚ฐ"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:35
The song is about cheating on your significant other.
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์ด ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ํ”ผ์šฐ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
Now, around the time that this song was in heavy rotation,
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์ด ๋…ธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ํ•œ์ฐธ ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
01:42
biologists were in deep discussion about whether bird species,
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋“ค์˜ ๋ช‡ ์ข…๋ฅ˜, ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋ช…๊ธˆ๋ฅ˜์™€ ๊ธฐ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ๋ชฉ๋“ค์ด
01:47
notably songbirds and waterfowl were actually monogamous or not.
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์ผ๋ถ€์ผ์ฒ˜์ œ์ธ์ง€ ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:53
See, for decades, generations of science students
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๋„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
01:57
were taught that well over 90 percent of the bird species were monogamous.
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์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ 90%๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ถ€์ผ์ฒ˜์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
A male and female mating faithfully for life.
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์•”์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ‰์ƒ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:05
That was until the late 1980s,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1980๋…„๋„ ๋ง์—
02:07
when a new laboratory technique came on the scene,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:10
which could copy DNA from a small tissue or fluid sample
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์ž‘์€ ์„ธํฌ๋‚˜ ์œ ๋™์ฒด์—์„œ DNA๋ฅผ ๋ณต์ œํ•ด
02:14
and decode the genetics of individuals.
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์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:17
Now, before that technique,
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š”
02:19
we were never ever certain about,
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์–ด๋Š ์ƒˆ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜€๋Š”์ง€
02:21
100 percent, who the parents of baby birds were.
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100% ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
All we had were our field notes.
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๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฅ ๋…ธํŠธ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
And we would know which adults lived in a nest
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์–ด๋Š ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ฅ์ง€์— ์‚ด์•˜๊ณ 
02:29
and which ones fed the baby birds.
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์–ด๋Š ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ์•„๊ธฐ ์ƒˆ์—๊ฒŒ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์คฌ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ .
02:32
Well, come to find out, study after study kept coming in
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:37
and we found so much evidence of infidelity --
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๋ฐ”๋žŒํ”ผ์šด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์ฃ .
02:41
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:42
among bird species,
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์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ
02:44
particularly these songbirds
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋ช…๊ธˆ๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘์—์„œ
02:45
that we thought were the pinnacle of monogamy.
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์ผ๋ถ€์ผ์ฒ˜์ œ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ธ ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜๋˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์—์„œ์š”.
02:48
It would have made Maury Povich jealous for the ratings.
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ ํฌ๋น„์น˜ ์‡ผ์™€ ๋น„๊ต ๋ชปํ•  ์ •๋„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:54
It rocked biology and ornithology so hard,
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™๊ณผ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์—๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ํฐ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด์–ด์„œ
02:57
we had to modify and expand the entire definition of monogamy.
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์ผ๋ถ€์ผ์ฒ˜์ œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™•๋Œ€์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
Now, it was so bad that this was the headline
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‹ฌํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๋ผ
03:06
of the "New York Times" science section,
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๋‰ด์š• ํƒ€์ž„์ฆˆ ๊ณผํ•™๋ฉด ์ฒซ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
August, 1990.
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1990๋…„, 8์›”์—
03:11
"Mating for Life? It's not for the Birds or the Bees."
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"ํ‰์ƒ์˜ ์ง? ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋ฒŒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
03:14
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:16
We had to come up with new definitions.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
The situation where an individual would change partners,
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์ง์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ,
03:23
either between breeding seasons
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์ง์ง“๊ธฐ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์ด๋‚˜
03:25
or just simply because they didn't like their partner anymore?
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๊ทธ์ € ์ง์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ์•ˆ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
03:28
We now call this "serial monogamy."
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"์ˆœ์ฐจ์  ์ผ๋ถ€์ผ์ฒ˜์ œ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:30
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:35
I didn't know it was going to be this funny.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์„ ์ค„์€ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋„ค์š”.
03:37
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:40
The situation where we know the male and female pair together
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์•”์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:44
and all the babies belong to both partners?
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์•„๊ธฐ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์ƒˆ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
03:47
We call that "genetic monogamy."
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"์œ ์ „์  ์ผ๋ถ€์ผ์ฒ˜์ œ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
And we now recognize that it only holds true
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
03:51
for about 14 percent of the songbird species,
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๋ช…๊ธˆ๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘์—์„œ 14%๋งŒ
03:55
which we were very certain were truly monogamous.
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์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€์ผ์ฒ˜์ œ์ž„์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
And with this reclassification,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•ด์„œ
04:01
we realized that in a lot of those field observations
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ํ˜„์žฅ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์—์„œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด
04:04
where we saw a male and female sharing a nest,
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์•”์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‘ฅ์ง€์— ๊ฐ™์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:07
comaintaining a territory, even provisioning offspring together,
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์˜์—ญ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋จน์ผ ๋•Œ
04:12
often included a few baby birds that did not belong to the male partner.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ƒˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ปท์˜ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
We call this "social monogamy."
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ผ๋ถ€์ผ์ฒ˜์ œ" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:22
And the mechanism responsible?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ฌด์—‡ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:25
Extra-pair copulation.
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์ง์™ธ ๊ต๋ฐฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
"It's OPP, time for other people's what you get it
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"OPP ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์š”. "
04:32
there's no room for relationship, there's just room to ..."
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์—ฐ์•  ํ•  ์—ฌ์œ  ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์ € ..."
04:35
Audience: "Hit it!"
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๊ด€๊ฐ: ํž›์ž‡!
04:36
"How many brothers out there know just what I'm getting at?
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"๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์•„๋Š” ๋ถ„ ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์ด์ฃ ?
04:39
Who thinks it's wrong because I was splitting and cohitting that.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ชผ๊ฐœ๊ณ  ์น˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„.
04:42
Well if you do, that's OPP"
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด OPP์˜ˆ์š”."
04:46
Actually, that's EPC
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ EPC์ธ๋ฐ
04:48
Which is the abbreviation for extra-pair copulation.
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์ง์™ธ ๊ต๋ฐฐ์˜ ์ค„์ž„๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:54
Now, we define extra-pair copulation as the mating outside of a pair bond.
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๊ด€๊ณ„ ์™ธ์— ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง์™ธ ๊ต๋ฐฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
And just like we were discovering via science,
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๊ณผํ•™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
05:02
it can lead to babies that don't belong to the male partner.
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์ˆ˜์ปท ์ง์˜ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ž์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
Alright?
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:07
Now, I first learned about EPCs years later,
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์ €๋Š” EPC๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋’ค์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋๋Š”๋ฐ
05:10
after all the science news broke while I was in graduate school.
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๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์‹œ์ ˆ ์˜จ๊ฐ– ๊ณผํ•™ ๋‰ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธด ํ›„์˜€์ฃ .
05:14
And as we were taking a class,
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์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:16
talking about current discoveries and mating systems,
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์ตœ์‹  ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ
05:19
this topic comes up.
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
And as my professor's going through the definition
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๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์ด ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋ฉด์„œ
05:24
and recounting all the dramatic turns of events
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์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ
05:27
that lead to these new revelations,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐ˜์ „์˜ ๋ฐ˜์ „๋“ค์„ ์–˜๊ธฐ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
05:29
I'm sitting in class and a familiar song starts bopping in my head.
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์ˆ˜์—…์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์•„์ฃผ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
I'm like, "You down with OPP?
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"OPP ์ค€๋น„ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
05:34
Yeah, you know me!"
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๋„ค, ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ฃ !"
05:36
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:37
I mean, that's exactly what that song was about:
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ๋…ธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
EPCs.
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EPC์ฃ .
05:43
And what I recognized
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์€ ๊ฒŒ
05:45
is that this gives us an opportunity to revisit this song.
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์ด ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
Let's switch the lyrics up.
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๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ณด์ฃ .
05:51
So say EPC.
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EPC๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์š”.
05:53
Audience: EPC.
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๊ด€๊ฐ: EPC.
05:54
DNL: Say it, EPC!
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๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜: EPC๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์š”!
05:56
Audience: EPC!
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๊ด€๊ฐ: EPC!
05:57
"I like to say it with pride
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"์ž์‹  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์•„์š”.
05:58
now, when you do it, do it well, and make sure that it counts.
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ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”.
06:01
You're not down with a discount."
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊นŽ์•„ ๋‚ด๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”."
06:03
You down with EPC?
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EPC ์ค€๋น„๋๋‚˜์š”?
06:04
Audience: Yeah, you know me!
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๊ด€๊ฐ: ๋„ค, ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ฃ !
06:08
Now, I had always been playing songs in my head
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์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด์š”.
06:11
while I was in science class,
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๊ณผํ•™ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”์š”.
06:13
kind of tapping into this index of pop culture and hip-hop songs.
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ํŒ ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ํž™ํ•ฉ ๋…ธ๋ž˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
06:17
But when I would share my analogies with my science professors,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น„์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
06:20
all of whom were older white men,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚˜์ด๋“  ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์ธ๋ฐ
06:22
I often got blank and confused stares as responses.
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๋ฌดํ‘œ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‘œ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:29
But when I would share this with people from communities like mine,
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์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜
06:33
or other colleagues -- so, diverse communities --
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฃŒ, ์ฆ‰ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฉด
06:36
this hip-hop science remix was a hit.
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ํž™ํ•ฉ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ฆฌ๋ฏน์Šค๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฐ•์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:39
That's because I was either talking to people who looked and sounded like me,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ €์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด์„œ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:43
or at the very least, you know, listened to some of the same songs.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ .
06:46
We were sharing a common cultural lexicon.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธํ™” ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
And with that lexicon, I was able to bring new science terms to them,
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์ด ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณผํ•™ ์ •์˜๋“ค์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์คฌ๊ณ 
06:54
and together, we were sharing a new comprehension of science for the culture.
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๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
Now, hip-hop song references
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ํž™ํ•ฉ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋“ค์€
07:05
are a really good tool for teaching content to students from hip-hop culture
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ํž™ํ•ฉ ๋ฌธํ™”๋‚˜ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
or urban communities.
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07:13
And I use it intentionally to connect to those students,
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์ €๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ ๊ทธ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
tapping into vocabulary that they already know
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€
07:19
and systems that they already comprehend.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์ฃ .
07:23
And what it does in that process is it ratifies them, us, our culture
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง€์‹ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž๋กœ ์ธ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
as knowledge purveyors.
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07:32
I use hip-hop to frame and communicate science
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์ €๋Š” ํž™ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œํ†ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
because I'm intentionally communicating science to broader audiences
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์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ํญ๋„“์€ ์ฒญ์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:40
that public science outreach has traditionally overlooked.
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๋ณดํ†ต์€ ๋Œ€์ค‘ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋œ ์ฒญ์ค‘์ด์ฃ .
07:46
And in the process,
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
07:48
I am affirming the genius
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์ €๋Š” ์ฒœ์žฌ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
07:51
that thrives in the young minds of people from every hood everywhere.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์˜ ์ Š์€์ด์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ ์†์— ๋„˜์ณ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:55
So let me ask you one last time,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฌป๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:57
you down with EPC?
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EPC ์ค€๋น„ ๋๋‚˜์š”?
07:59
Audience: Yeah, you know me!
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๊ด€๊ฐ: ๋„ค, ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ฃ !
08:00
DNL: You down with EPC?
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๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜: EPC ์ค€๋น„ ๋๋‚˜์š”?
08:02
Audience: Yeah, you know me!
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๊ด€๊ฐ: ๋„ค, ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ฃ !
08:03
DNL: You down with EPC?
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๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜: EPC ์ค€๋น„ ๋๋‚˜์š”?
08:04
Audience: Yeah, you know me!
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๊ด€๊ฐ: ๋„ค, ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ฃ !
08:06
DNL: Who's down with EPC?
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๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜: ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ EPC ์ค€๋น„ ๋๋‚˜์š”?
08:07
Audience: All the homies!
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๊ด€๊ฐ: ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค์š”!
08:09
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
(Applause and cheers)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜) (ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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