How motivation can fix public systems | Abhishek Gopalka

77,107 views ใƒป 2020-02-15

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Kim Sang woo ๊ฒ€ํ† : Whayoung Cha
00:13
Take a minute
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์ž ์‹œ
00:14
and think of yourself as the leader of a country.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:18
And let's say one of your biggest priorities
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ตœ์šฐ์„  ๊ณผ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
00:21
is to provide your citizens with high-quality healthcare.
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์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:26
How would you go about it?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:27
Build more hospitals?
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ‘์› ์„ค๋ฆฝ?
00:29
Open more medical colleges?
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์„ค๋ฆฝ?
00:31
Invest in clinical innovation?
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์˜๋ฃŒ ํ˜์‹ ์—์˜ ํˆฌ์ž?
00:35
But what if your country's health system was fundamentally broken?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์กŒ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ‘์›์— ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋“ ์ง€,
00:39
Whether it's doctor absenteeism,
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00:41
drug stock-outs or poor quality of care.
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์•ฝ์ด ๋‹ค ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋“ ์ง€, ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋“ ์ง€ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:45
Where would you start then?
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ์ด๊ณ ,
00:48
I'm a management consultant,
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00:50
and for the last three years,
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์ง€๋‚œ 3๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ,
00:52
I've been working on a project
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์ธ๋„์˜ ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ธ ๋ผ์ž์Šคํƒ„์˜
00:54
to improve the public heath system of Rajasthan,
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๊ณต๊ณต์˜๋ฃŒ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
00:57
a state in India.
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01:00
And during the course of the project,
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
we actually discovered something profound.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ,
์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
More doctors, better facilities, clinical innovation --
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜์‚ฌ, ๋” ์ข‹์€ ์‹œ์„ค, ์˜๋ฃŒ ํ˜์‹ -
๋ชจ๋‘ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
they are all important.
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01:13
But nothing changes without one key ingredient.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ, ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:18
Motivation.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
But motivation is a tricky thing.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์ฃ .
01:23
If you've led a team, raised a child or tried to change a personal habit,
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ํŒ€์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋ณด์…จ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์œก์•„๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณด์…จ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค ํ•ด๋ณด์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:29
you know that motivation doesn't just appear.
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๋™๊ธฐ๋ž€ ๊ฒŒ ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ž€ ๊ฑธ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
Something has to change to make you care.
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01:37
And if there's one thing that all of us humans care about,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:42
it's an inherent desire to shine in front of society.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ์š•๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
So that's exactly what we did.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
We decided to focus on the citizen:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ณต์ง€์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ์ง€์›๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
the people who the system was supposed to serve in the first place.
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01:59
And today, I'd like to tell you
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
how Rajasthan has transformed its public health system dramatically
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์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์„œ, ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด‰๋ฐœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ผ์ž์Šคํƒ„์ด ๊ณต๊ณต์˜๋ฃŒ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํš๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€.
02:07
by using the citizen to trigger motivation.
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02:12
Now, Rajasthan is one of India's largest states,
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์ž, ๋ผ์ž์Šคํƒ„์€ ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ฃผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
with a population of nearly 80 million.
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์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ 8์ฒœ๋งŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜๊ตญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์ฃ .
02:20
That's larger than the United Kingdom.
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02:24
But the similarities probably end there.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ ์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์ด ์ •๋„์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
In 2016, when my team was called in
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2016๋…„, ์ €ํฌํŒ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ผ์ž์Šคํƒ„์˜
02:31
to start working with the public health system of Rajasthan,
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๊ณต๊ณต์˜๋ฃŒ์ฒด๊ณ„ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ขฐ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์™”์„ ๋•Œ,
02:35
we found it in a state of crisis.
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๋ผ์ž์Šคํƒ„์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ์œ„๊ธฐ์ƒํƒœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์‹ ์ƒ์•„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ,
02:39
For example, the neonatal mortality rate --
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02:42
that's the number of newborns who die before their first month birthday --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ์ง€ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ƒ์•„์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€
02:48
was 10 times higher than that of the UK.
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ 10๋ฐฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋†€๋ž์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
No wonder then that citizens were saying,
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"๊ณต๊ณต์˜๋ฃŒ์‹œ์„ค์—” ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๋„ค์š”."
02:55
"Hey, I don't want to go to a public health facility."
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02:58
In India, if you wanted to see a doctor in a public health facility,
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด,
03:03
you would go to a "PHC," or "primary health center."
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PHC, ์ฆ‰, ์ผ์ฐจ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ์‹œ์„ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
And at least 40 patients are expected to go to a PHC every day.
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๋งค์ผ ์ ์–ด๋„ 40๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ PHC๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜์ฃ .
03:14
But in Rajasthan, only one out of four PHCs
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ผ์ž์Šคํƒ„์—์„œ๋Š” PHC 4๊ฐœ ์ค‘ 1๊ฐœ๋งŒ์ด
03:18
was seeing this minimum number of patients.
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์ด ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ํ™˜์ž์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ง„์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
In other words, people had lost faith in the system.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์€ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€์ฃ .
03:27
When we delved deeper,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๊นŠ์ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด๋ณด๋‹ˆ,
03:29
we realized that lack of accountability is at the core of it.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„ ๋ถ€์กฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
03:35
Picture this.
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03:37
Sudha, a daily-wage earner,
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฒŒ์–ด ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€ํƒฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋“œํ•˜(Sudha)๋Š”,
03:39
realizes that her one-year-old daughter
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํ•œ ์‚ด์งœ๋ฆฌ ๋”ธ์ด
03:42
is suffering from uncontrollable dysentery.
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์‹ฌํ•œ ์ด์งˆ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
So she decides to take the day off.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
That's a loss of about 350 rupees or five dollars.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 350 ๋ฃจํ”ผ, ์ฆ‰ 5๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์†์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋”ธ์„ ํŒ”์— ์•ˆ๊ณ 
03:53
And she picks up her daughter in her arms
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03:56
and walks for five kilometers to the government PHC.
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5km๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์–ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ฐจ์˜๋ฃŒ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
But the doctor isn't there.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ถœ๊ทผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
04:03
So she takes the next day off, again,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚  ๋˜ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์˜ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
and comes back to the PHC.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณ‘์›์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์ฃ .
04:09
This time, the doctor is there,
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
but the pharmacist tells her
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•ฝ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ
04:13
that the free drugs that she's entitled to have run out,
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
because they forgot to reorder them on time.
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์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ œ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์žฌ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑธ ์žŠ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:19
So now, she rushes to the private medical center,
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์ด์ œ ์ˆ˜๋“œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณ‘์›์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
and as she's rushing there,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ
04:23
looking at her daughter's condition worsening with every passing hour,
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๋งค ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋”ธ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ์•…ํ™”๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ,
04:28
she can't help but wonder
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:30
if she should have gone to the private medical center
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04:32
in the first place
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์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณ‘์›์œผ๋กœ
04:33
and payed the 350 rupees for the consultation and drugs.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ 350๋ฃจํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์ง„์ฐฐ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋• ์„๊นŒ.
04:40
No one is held accountable for this incredible failure of the system.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ด ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์˜๋ฃŒ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ˆ˜๋“œํ•˜์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ฌ์ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ์คฌ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„์š”.
04:48
Costing time, money and heartache to Sudha.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณ ์ณ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
And this is something that just had to be fixed.
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04:59
Now, as all good consultants,
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
05:02
we decided that data-driven reviews
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์ €ํฌ๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€
05:05
had to be the answer to improve accountability.
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์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•ด๋‹ต์ด ๋˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
So we created these fancy performance dashboards
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์‰ฌ๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ถ€์„œ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ
05:13
to help make the review meetings of the health department
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ํ›จ์‹  ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:16
much more effective.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
But nothing changed.
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05:21
Discussion after discussion,
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๊ณ„์†๋œ ํ† ์˜์™€,
05:23
meeting after meeting,
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๊ฑฐ๋“ญ๋œ ํšŒ์˜์—๋„
์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
nothing changed.
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05:29
And that's when it struck me.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ๋ฌธ๋“ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
You see, public systems
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ณต๊ณต์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š”
05:33
have always been governed through internal mechanisms,
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๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋งค์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
like review meetings.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํšŒ์˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
And over time,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก,
05:41
their accountability to the citizen has been diluted.
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์‹œ๋ฏผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์€ ์˜…์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
So why not bring the citizen back into the equation,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ๋“ค์ด๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”.
05:49
perhaps by using the citizen promises?
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์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์•ฝ์†์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋“ ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
05:52
Couldn't that trigger motivation?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ปคํ”ผ์ˆ ์ „๋žต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
We started with what I like to call the coffee shop strategy.
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06:01
You've probably seen one of these signs in a coffee shop,
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์ปคํ”ผ์ˆ ์•ˆ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ํžŒ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹  ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹คํ…๋ฐ์š”,
06:05
which says,
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๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋ƒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
06:06
"If you don't get your receipt, the coffee is free."
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"์˜์ˆ˜์ฆ์„ ๋ชป ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:11
Now, the cashier has no option
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์ ์›์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€์—†์ด
06:14
but to give you a receipt each time.
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๋งค๋ฒˆ ์˜์ˆ˜์ฆ์„ ์ค˜์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:18
So we took this strategy and applied it to Rajasthan.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ „๋žต์„ ๋ผ์ž์Šคํƒ„์— ์ ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
We worked with the government
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
06:25
on a program to revive 300 PHCs across the state,
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์ „๊ตญ์— ๊ฑธ์นœ 300๊ฐœ์˜ PHC๋ฅผ ๋˜์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
06:31
and we got them to paint very clear citizen promises along the wall.
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PHC ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‹œ๋ฏผ์•ฝ์†์„ ๋„๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
"We assure you that you will have a doctor each time."
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"๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹ค ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:42
"We assure you that you will get your free drugs each time."
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"๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹ค ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:46
"We assure you
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"๋งค๋ฒˆ ๋ฌด์ƒ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
06:47
that you will get your free diagnostics each time."
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๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:51
And finally, we worked with elected representatives
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์„ ์ถœ๋œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋“ค์˜ ํ˜‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
06:54
to launch these revived PHCs,
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PHC๋ฅผ ๋˜์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
who shared the citizen promises with the community
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์— ์ด ์‹œ๋ฏผ์•ฝ์†์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์˜€์ฃ .
์ด๋Š” ํฐ ํ™˜์˜์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
with a lot of fanfare.
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07:04
Now, the promise was out there in the open.
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์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ์†ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
Failure would be embarrassing.
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์ง€์ผœ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚œ์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
07:12
The system had to start delivering.
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์˜๋ฃŒ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
And deliver it did.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
Doctor availability went up,
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ถœ์„๋ฅ ์€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”๊ณ 
07:21
medicines came on hand,
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์•ฝ์ด ์†์— ์ฅ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ
07:23
and as a result,
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ,
07:24
patient visits went up by 20 percent in less than a year.
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์ผ๋…„๋„ ๋˜์ง€์•Š์•„ ํ™˜์ž ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ด 20%๋‚˜ ๋Š˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ณต๊ณต์˜๋ฃŒ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:30
The public health system was getting back into business.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ๊ฐˆ ๊ธธ์ด ๋‚จ์•˜์ฃ .
07:36
But there was still a long distance to go.
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07:38
Change isn't that easy.
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๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
An exasperated doctor once told me,
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์˜์‚ฌ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ด ๋ชน์‹œ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
"I really want to transform the maternal health in my community,
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"์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ๋ชจ์„ฑ๋ณด๊ฑด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ณ ์น˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„์น˜ ์•Š์•„์š”."
07:48
but I just don't have enough nurses."
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07:51
Now, resources like nurses
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๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž์›์€
07:53
are actually controlled by administrative officers
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์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š”,
ํ–‰์ •๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์กฐ์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
who the doctors report to.
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07:59
And while the doctors were now motivated,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด,
08:02
the administrative officers simply weren't motivated enough
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ํ–‰์ •๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์šฐ๋ ค๋Š”
๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
to help the doctors.
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08:09
This is where the head of the public health department,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ณต์ง€๋ถ€์˜ ์ˆ˜์žฅ์ธ
08:12
Ms. Veenu Gupta, came up with a brilliant idea.
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๋ฒ ๋ˆ„ ๊ตฝํƒ€์”จ์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
A monthly ranking of all districts.
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๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋งˆ๋‹ค์˜ ์›”๋ณ„ ์ˆœ์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
And this ranking would assess the performance of every district
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์ด ์ˆœ์œ„๋Š” ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ
๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„
08:24
on each major disease
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
and each major procedure.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
But here's the best part.
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08:30
We made the ranking go public.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:33
We put the ranking on the website,
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์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
08:35
we put the ranking on social media,
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์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋„ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋Š ์ƒˆ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•ด์„œ
08:38
and before you knew it, the media got involved,
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์‹ ๋ฌธ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด ์ž˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€,
08:41
with newspaper articles on which districts were doing well
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๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:44
and which ones weren't.
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08:47
And we didn't just want the rankings
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•œ ๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋ณ„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ฒจ
08:49
to impact the best- and the worst-performing districts.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์—ญ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์–ด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
We wanted the rankings to motivate every district.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋“ค์„ ๋…๋ คํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
So we took inspiration from soccer leagues,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ถ•๊ตฌ ๋ฆฌ๊ทธ์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ
09:00
and created a three-tiered ranking system,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐœ ์ธต์˜ ์ˆœ์œ„์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
whereby every quarter,
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๋งค ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด
09:06
if a district's performance were to decline,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด,
09:09
you could get relegated to the lower tier.
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋“ฑ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
But if the district's performance were to improve,
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์•„์กŒ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:15
you could get promoted to the premiere league.
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ทธ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:19
The rankings were a big success.
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์ด ์ˆœ์œ„์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ํฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋’€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
It generated tremendous excitement,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฐ˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๊ณ 
09:24
and districts began vying with each other to be known as exemplars.
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๊ฐ ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋ฒ”์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
It's actually very simple, if you think about it.
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09:33
If the performance data is only being reviewed by your manager
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ
๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋œ๋ฉด,
09:38
in internal settings,
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์ „ํ˜€ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
it simply isn't motivating enough.
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09:43
But if that data is out there,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ,
09:46
in the open, for the community to see,
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:49
that's a very different picture.
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์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์ž ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ
09:52
That just unlocks a competitive spirit
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09:55
which is inherent in each and every one of us.
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๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์˜์‹์„ ๊นจ์›Œ์ฃผ์ฃ .
09:59
So now, when you put these two together,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๋ฉด,
10:02
the coffee shop strategy and public competition,
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์ฆ‰, ์ปคํ”ผ์ˆ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด,
10:06
you now had a public health system
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์‹œ๋ฏผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š”, ํ™•์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ์ธต ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋œ
10:09
which was significantly more motivated to improve citizen health.
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๊ณต๊ณต์˜๋ฃŒ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ์ธต ๋” ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€,
10:15
And now that you had a more motivated health system,
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10:19
it was actually a system that was now much more ready for support.
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์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
Because now, there is a pull for the support,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฌ์ธ๋ ฅ,
10:25
whether it's resources, data or skill building.
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์ž์›์ด๋“ , ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด๋“ , ์ง€์›์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊ธฐ๋Š” ํž˜์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
Let me share an example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
I was once at a district meeting in the district of Ajmer.
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์ €๋Š” ์•„์ง€๋ฉ”๋ฅด์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ตฌ์—ญํšŒ์˜์— ๊ฐ„ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
This is one of the districts that had been rising rapidly
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๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์€ ์ˆœ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ
์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋˜ ๊ณณ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
in the rankings.
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10:42
And there were a group of passionate doctors
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—” ์—ด์ •์ ์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
10:44
who were discussing ideas on how to better support their teams.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํŒ€์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ง€์›ํ• ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ˆ™๋ จ๋œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
10:49
One of the doctors had up-skilled health workers
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๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
10:52
to tackle the problem of nurse shortages.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ์™“์ธ ์•ฑ(WhatsApp)์„ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
10:56
Another doctor was using WhatsApp in creative ways
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10:59
to share information and ideas with his frontline workers.
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์ตœ์ „์„ ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:04
For example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
11:05
where are the children who are missing from immunization?
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์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งž์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
11:09
And how do you convince the mothers
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์—„๋งˆ๋“ค์„ ์„ค๋“ํ•ด
11:11
to actually bring their children for immunization?
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™€์„œ ์ ‘์ข…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋” ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
11:14
And because their teams were now significantly motivated,
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ํŒ€๋“ค์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ์—,
๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง€์›์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
they were simply lapping up the support,
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11:20
because they wanted to perform better and better.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋”์šฑ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
๋ถ•๊ดด๋œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์—๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช… ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž์›๊ณผ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
Broken systems certainly need more resources and tools.
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11:32
But they won't drive much impact
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด,
ํฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
if you don't first address the motivation challenge.
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11:39
Once the motivation tide begins to shift,
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์ผ๋‹จ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋ฉด,
๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ž์›๊ณผ ๋„๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
that's when you get the real returns off resources and tools.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
11:50
But I still haven't answered a key question.
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11:53
What happened to the performance of Rajasthan's public health system?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ผ์ž์Šคํƒ„ ๊ณต๊ณต์˜๋ฃŒ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ์–ด๋• ์„๊นŒ์š”?
2016๋…„, ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ผ์— ์ฐฉ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
11:58
In 2016, when our work began,
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12:01
the government of India and the World Bank
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์ธ๋„์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์ด
12:05
came out with a public health index.
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๊ณต๊ณต๋ณด๊ฑด ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์ฃ .
๋ผ์ž์Šคํƒ„์€ 21๊ฐœ ํฐ ์ฃผ ์ค‘์—์„œ 20์œ„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
Rajasthan was ranked 20th out of 21 large states.
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12:14
But in 2018,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 2018๋…„,
12:16
when the next ranking came out,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆœ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
12:18
Rajasthan showed one of the highest improvements
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๋ผ์ž์Šคํƒ„์€ ์ˆœ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋„ค ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋ฉฐ
12:21
among all large states in India,
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์ธ๋„ ๋‚ด ํฐ ์ฃผ ์ „์ฒด์—์„œ
12:23
leapfrogging four positions.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
For example, it showed one of the highest reductions
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์‹ ์ƒ์•„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด
12:29
in neonatal mortality,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ค„์–ด๋“  ๊ณณ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ,
12:31
with 3,000 additional newborn lives being saved every year.
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๋งค๋…„๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์ƒ์•„ 3์ฒœ์ด ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:37
Typically, public health transformations take a long time, even decades.
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๋ณดํ†ต ๊ณต๊ณต์˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋ฉด ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ช‡ ์‹ญ๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
12:44
But this approach had delivered results
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ 2๋…„๋งŒ์—
12:46
in two years.
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์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
But here's the best part.
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12:52
There is actually nothing Rajasthan-specific about what we learned.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ๋ผ์ž์Šคํƒ„์— ํŠนํ™”๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:57
In fact, this approach of using the citizen to trigger motivation
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
๊ณต๊ณต์˜๋ฃŒ์ฒด๊ณ„์—๋งŒ ๊ตญํ•œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
is not even limited to public health systems.
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13:06
I sincerely believe that if there is any public system,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ๊ณต๊ณต์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
์–ด๋Š ๋‚˜๋ผ์—๋“ 
13:11
in any country,
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๊ด€์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:13
that is in inertia,
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ค๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
then we need to bring back the motivation.
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13:18
And a great way to trigger the motivation
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด‰๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
13:21
is to increase transparency to the citizen.
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์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ์š”.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ต์œก,
13:26
We can do this with education
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13:28
and sanitation and even political representation.
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์œ„์ƒ, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ •์น˜์  ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์„ฑ์—๋„ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
Government schools can compete publicly on the basis of student enrollment.
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๊ณต๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ ๋“ฑ๋ก์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ 
๋„์‹œ์™€ ๋งˆ์„์€ ์ฒญ๊ฒฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
Cities and towns, on the basis of cleanliness.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •์น˜์ธ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œ์ผฐ๋Š”์ง€
13:41
And politicians on the basis of a scorecard
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13:43
of how exactly they're improving citizen lives.
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์„ฑ์ ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์„ธ์ƒ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜ ๊ณณ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
There are many broken systems out there in the world.
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13:53
We need to bring back their motivation.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
The citizen is waiting.
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์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
We must act today.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
Thank you very much.
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14:03
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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