How to transform apocalypse fatigue into action on global warming | Per Espen Stoknes

102,289 views ใƒป 2017-12-08

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Changkyun Ahn ๊ฒ€ํ† : keun_young Lee
00:12
How do we get people engaged in solving global warming?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ๋” ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
00:17
I'd like to start with running two short experiments with you all.
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์šฐ์„  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
So your task is to notice if you feel any difference as I speak.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋“ค์œผ์‹œ๊ณ ์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ์ •์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
00:27
OK?
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์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
00:30
Here we go.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ณด์ง€์š”.
00:32
We are seeing rising carbon dioxide levels,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์ด ์น˜์†Ÿ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
now about 410 ppms.
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์•ฝ 410 ppm ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ฌ๋ž์ง€์š”.
00:38
To avoid the RCP 8.5 scenario,
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์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋†๋„ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค 8.5๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
00:41
we need rapid decarbonization.
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ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
The global carbon budget
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ํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ 2๋„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
00:47
for 66 percent likelihood to meet the two-degree target
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 66%๊ฐ€
00:50
is approximately 800 gigatons.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ 800 ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ํ†ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:58
OK, now let me try something else.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑธ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
01:01
We are heading for an uninhabitable earth:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
monster storms,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํญํ’์šฐ
01:08
killer floods,
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์œ„ํ˜‘์ ์ธ ํ™์ˆ˜
01:10
devastating wildfires,
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ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ํ™”์žฌ
01:12
crazy heat waves that will cook us under a blazing sun.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ตํ˜€๋ฒ„๋ฆด๋“ฏํ•œ ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ํญ์—ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
2017 is already so unexpectedly warm,
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2017๋…„์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ฐ–์˜ ํญ์—ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:22
it's freaking out climate scientists.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐํ›„ํ•™์ž๋“ค์„ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
We have a three-year window to cut emissions, three years.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 3๋…„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 3๋…„ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์š”!
01:28
If not, we will soon live in a boiling earth, a hellhole.
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŽ„ํŽ„ ๋“๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ, ๋ถˆ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด์— ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
OK. So --
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
01:38
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜) (์›ƒ์Œ)
01:39
Now your task:
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์•„๊นŒ ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ณผ์ œ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:42
How did these ways of speaking make you feel?
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋ง๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
01:45
The first, detached maybe or just confused?
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์ผ๋‹จ, ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•ˆ๋˜๊ณ  ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šฐ์…จ์ฃ ?
01:49
What's this guy talking about?
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์ด ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ?
01:52
The other, fearful or just numb?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด, ๋‘๋ ต๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด๋ค๋คํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
01:56
So again, the question I asked:
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
01:58
How do we get people engaged in solving global warming?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ๋” ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”? ์ธ๋ฐ
02:02
And why don't these two ways of communicating work?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋งํ•œ ๋‘ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์™œ ํ†ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:06
You see, the biggest obstacle to dealing with climate disruptions
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ธฐํ›„ํŒŒ๊ดด๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๋Š”๋ฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์€
02:10
lies between your ears.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋‘ ๊ท€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
Building on a rapidly growing body of psychology and social science,
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๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์˜ ์š”์ฒด์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ
02:17
I spent years looking into the five inner defenses
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์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์  ๋ฐฉ์–ด๊ธฐ์žฌ
02:21
that stop people from engaging.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
When people hear news about the climate coming straight at them,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐํ›„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‰ด์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
02:27
the first defense comes up rapidly:
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๊ธฐ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
distance.
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'๋จธ๋‚˜ ๋จผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ'
02:33
When we hear about the climate,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐํ›„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด,
02:34
we hear about something far away in space --
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๋ถ๊ทน์–ผ์Œ, ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
02:36
think Arctic ice, polar bears --
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์ € ๋จผ ๊ณณ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์˜ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
02:39
far away in time -- think 2100.
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ํ•œ 2100๋…„ ์ •๋„์— ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
It's huge and slow-moving -- think gigatons and centuries.
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๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ํ†ค ํ˜น์€ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Š๋ฆฐ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด๋ผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
02:48
So it's not here. It's not now.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:53
Since it feels so far away from me,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜์™€ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:54
it seems outside my circle of influence,
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๋‚˜์™€๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
so I feel helpless about it.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
03:00
There's nothing I can do.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
In our everyday lives,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์—์„œ
03:04
most of us prefer to think about nearer things,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€๋งŒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:07
such as our jobs, our kids,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง์—…์ด๋‚˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž๋…€๋“ค
03:09
how many likes we get on Facebook.
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ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ '์ข‹์•„์š”'๋ฅผ ๋ช‡๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ›์„์ง€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:12
Now, that, that's real.
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์ง„์งœ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”
03:16
Next defense is doom.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๊ธฐ์žฌ๋Š” '์ข…๋ง' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
Climate change is usually framed
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
as a looming disaster,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”
03:25
bringing losses, cost and sacrifice.
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๋ฌด์‹œ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ ์žฌ๋‚œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ณ 
03:27
That makes us fearful.
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์†์‹ค๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ, ํฌ์ƒ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
But after the first fear is gone,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉด
03:33
my brain soon wants to avoid this topic altogether.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
After 30 years of scary climate change communications,
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌด์‹œ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ  ์ดํ›„ 30๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„
03:41
more than 80 percent of media articles still use disaster framings,
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80%๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ์ •ํ˜•ํ™”๋œ ์žฌ๋‚œ๋“ค๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
but people habituate to and then --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ธธ๋“ค์—ฌ ์ง€๊ณ 
03:51
desensitize
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๋ฌด๊ฐ๊ฐํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
to doom overuse.
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'์ข…๋ง' ์ด ๋‚จ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:54
So many of us are now suffering a kind of apocalypse fatigue,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ  ํƒ“์— ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:59
getting numb from too much collapse porn.
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๋ฌด๊ด€์‹ฌ, ๋ฌด๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
The third defense is dissonance.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๊ธฐ์žฌ๋Š” '๋ถ€์กฐํ™”' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
Now, if what we know,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์—
04:09
that fossil fuel use contributes to global warming,
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ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ
04:12
conflicts with what we do -- drive, fly, eat beef --
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์šด์ „์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋ฉฐ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
then so-called cognitive dissonance sets in.
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์ธ์ง€ ๋ถ€์กฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
This is felt as an inner discomfort.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์˜ ๋ถˆํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๊ปด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
We may feel like hypocrites.
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์œ„์„ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋“ฏ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
04:22
To get rid of this discomfort,
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์ด ๋ถˆํŽธ์„ ์—†์• ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
04:25
our brain starts coming up with justifications.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€๋‹นํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
So I can say, for instance,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
04:30
"My neighbor, he has a much bigger car than I do."
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"๋‚ด ์ด์›ƒ์€ ๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ํฐ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด."
04:34
Or, "Changing my diet doesn't amount to anything
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด, "๋‚ด ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ๋งŒ ๋‚ด ์‹๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๋‹ค ํ•ด๋„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฑด ์—†์„ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ"
04:38
if I am the only one to do it."
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๊ฐ™์€ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:41
Or, I could even want to doubt climate science itself.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ธฐํ›„ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
I could say, "You know, climate is always changing."
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"์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๊ธฐํ›„๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ•ด" ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:51
So these justifications make us all feel better,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€๋ช…๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:53
but at the expense
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง€์‹์„
04:56
of dismissing what we know.
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ํฌ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:58
Thus, behavior drives attitudes.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
My personal cognitive dissonance comes up
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์ œ ์ฒซ ์ธ์ง€์  ๋ถ€์กฐํ™”๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€
05:06
when I recognize that I've been flying from Oslo to New York
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์˜ค์Šฌ๋กœ์—์„œ ๋‰ด์š•๊นŒ์ง€ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์Šฌ๋กœ๋กœ
05:10
and back to Oslo
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๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋ฉฐ ์ƒ๊ฒป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
in order to speak about the climate.
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
05:14
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:16
For 14 minutes.
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๊ณ ์ž‘ 14๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
05:17
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:21
So that makes me want to move on to denial.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๊ธฐ์žฌ์ธ ๋ถ€์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ตฐ์š”.
05:23
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:26
So if we keep silent,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
05:28
ignore or ridicule facts about climate disruptions,
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์นจ๋ฌต์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์„ ์กฐ๋กฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹น์žฅ์€
05:32
then we might find inner refuge
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃ„์ฑ…๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ๋‚ด๋ฉด์˜ ์•ˆ์‹์ฒ˜๋Š”
05:34
from fear and guilt.
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๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
05:37
Denial doesn't really come from lack of intelligence or knowledge.
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'๋ถ€์ •' ์€ ์ง€์‹์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
No, denial is a state of mind
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์ „ํ˜€์š”, ๋ถ€์ •์€ ์ •์‹  ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
in which I may be aware of some troubling knowledge,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ์ง€์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
05:47
but I live and act as if I don't know.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์ „ํ˜€ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฏ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
So you could call it a kind of double life,
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์•Ž์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๋ฌด์ง€์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๋Š”
05:53
both knowing and not knowing,
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์ด์ค‘ ์ƒํ™œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:54
and often this is reinforced by others,
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์ด๊ฑด ์ข…์ข… ํƒ€์ธ๋“ค ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์—์„œ
05:57
my family or community,
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ํ™”์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐํ”ผํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์„œ
05:58
agreeing not to raise this tricky topic.
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๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
Finally, identity.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๊ธฐ์žฌ๋Š” '์ž์•„' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
Alarmed climate activists
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๊นจ์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์€
06:10
demand that government takes action,
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์ •๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์ข… ๊ทœ์ œ๋‚˜ ํƒ„์†Œ์„ธ ๋“ฑ์˜
06:13
either with regulation or carbon taxes.
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์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
But consider what happens
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
06:17
when people who hold conservative values, for instance,
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ถŒํ•œ๊ณผ ์—ญํ• ์ด
06:21
hear from an activist that government ought to expand even further.
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๋” ์ปค์ ธ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:26
Particularly in rich Western democracies,
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ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ์„œ๊ตฌ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:28
they are then less likely to believe that science.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๋” ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
How is that?
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์™œ๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
06:34
Well, if I hold conservative values, for instance,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
06:38
I probably prefer big proper cars and small government
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์ €๋Š” ํž˜์ด ํฐ ์ •๋ถ€ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ์ž‘๋”” ์ž‘์€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ชฐ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
06:42
over tiny, tiny cars and huge government.
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ํž˜์ด ์•ฝํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€ ํ•˜์—์„œ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ธธ ์›ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
And if climate science comes and then says
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜
06:50
government should expand further,
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์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด ์ปค์ ธ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
06:52
then I probably will trust that science less.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๋œ ๋ฏฟ์œผ๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”.
06:58
In this way, cultural identity
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ž์•„๊ฐ€
07:01
starts to override the facts.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
The values eat the facts,
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๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์žก์•„ ๋จน์–ด์น˜์šฐ๊ณ 
07:05
and my identity trumps truth any day.
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์ œ ์ž์•„๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
So, after recognizing how these five D's kill engagement,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๊ธฐ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์€ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ
07:16
how can we move beyond them?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:19
New research shows how we can flip these five defenses
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋‹ค์„ฏ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๊ธฐ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด
07:22
over into key success criteria
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์ข€ ๋” ๋‡Œ-์นœํ™”์ ์ธ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
07:25
for a more brain-friendly climate communication.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
So this is where it gets really exciting
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ์ง„์ง„ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”.
07:32
and where we find the five S's,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
the five evidence-based solutions for what does work.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์œ ํšจํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฆ๋ช…์ด ๋œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
First, we can flip distance to social.
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์ฒซ์งธ, '๋จธ๋‚˜ ๋จผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ' ๋ฅผ ์ด์›ƒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋’ค์ง‘์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
We can make climate feel near, personal and urgent
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„๋ฅผ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ด์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น๊ณ , ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ
07:47
by bringing it home,
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์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
and we can do that by spreading social norms
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์žฃ๋Œ€๋ฅผ
07:53
that are positive to solutions.
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ํ™•์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
If I believe my friends or neighbors,
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๋งŒ์ผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์›ƒ๋“ค์ด
07:58
you guys, will do something,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์œผ๋ฉด
07:59
then I will, too.
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์ €๋„ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ž€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:02
We can see, for instance, this from rooftop solar panels.
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์ด๋Š” ์ง€๋ถ• ์œ„ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ํŒจ๋„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
They are spreading from neighbor to neighbor like a virus.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ด์›ƒ์—์„œ ์ด์›ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ”์ฃ .
08:08
It's contagious.
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์ „์—ผ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
This is the power of peer-to-peer creating the new normal.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ฐ„์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฃ๋Œ€์˜ ํž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
Next, we can flip doom to supportive.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ '์ข…๋ง' ์„ '์˜นํ˜ธ' ๋กœ ๋’ค์ง‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
Rather than backfiring frames
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์ข…๋ง๋ก ์˜ ์žฌ๋‚œ์ด๋‚˜ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
08:19
such as disaster and cost,
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์—ญํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
08:22
we can reframe climate as being really about human health,
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๊ธฐํ›„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
for instance, with plant-based delicious burgers,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ง›์žˆ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์—๋„ ์ด๋กญ๊ณ 
08:32
good for you and good for the climate.
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์—๋„ ์ด๋กญ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:35
We can also reframe climate as being about new tech opportunities,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ผ๋“ ๊ฐ€
08:38
about safety and about new jobs.
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์•ˆ์ „, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
Solar jobs, for instance, are seeing an amazing growth.
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ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ๊ด€๋ จ ์ง์ข…๋“ค์€ ์‹ค๋กœ ๋ˆˆ๋ถ€์‹  ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:45
They just passed the three million jobs mark.
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์–ผ๋งˆ ์ „ 3๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ŒํŒŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
Psychology says, in order to create engagement,
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์— ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ 
08:52
we should present, on balance,
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
08:54
three positive or supportive framings
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๊ทธ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๊ธ์ •์  ํ˜น์€ ์˜นํ˜ธ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์„ ๊ท ํ˜•์žˆ๊ฒŒ
08:58
for each climate threat we mention.
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๋ถ€๊ฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
Then we can flip dissonance
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์ด์ œ '๋ถ€์กฐํ™”' ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋”
09:03
to simpler actions.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
09:05
This is often called nudging.
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์ด๊ฑด '๋„›์ง€' ๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„
09:07
The idea is, by better choice architecture,
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'์„ ํƒ ์„ค๊ณ„' ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
we can make the climate-friendly behaviors
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™๋“ค์„ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
default and convenient.
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09:19
Let me illustrate this. Take food waste.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
09:22
Food waste at buffets goes way down
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๋ท”ํŽ˜์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ•์Šค์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š”
09:25
if the plate or the box size is reduced a little,
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์Œ์‹๋ฌผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์–‘์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
because on the smaller plate it looks full
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ ‘์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์œผ๋ฉด ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐจ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—
09:32
but in the big box it looks half empty,
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๋ฐ•์Šค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜์ฏค ๋น„์–ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์„œ
09:35
so we put more in.
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๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:36
So smaller plates make a big difference for food waste.
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์ž‘์€ ์ ‘์‹œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์–‘์˜ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
And there are hundreds of smart nudges like this.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์—๋„ ์ด์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ๋„›์ง€๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
The point is, dissonance goes down as more behaviors are nudged.
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์š”์ ์€ ๋„›์ง€์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ–‰๋™์ด ๊ต์ •๋  ์ˆ˜๋ก '๋ถ€์กฐํ™”'๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
Then we can flip denial
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ '๋ถ€์ •' ๋„ ๋’ค์ง‘์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
by tailoring signals that visualize our progress.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง„์ฒ™์„ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:55
We can provide motivating feedback
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๋‹ฅ์นœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
09:57
on how well we're doing with our problem-solving.
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๋™๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์—ฌ์˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
Say you improved your transport footprint
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์นœํ™”์ ์ธ ์ด๋™์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
10:03
or cut energy waste in your buildings.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋‚ญ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ค„์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
10:06
Then one app that can share this well is called Ducky.
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Ducky ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด ์•ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
The idea is, you log your actions there,
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์ด ์•ฑ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ 
10:12
and then you can see how well your team or company is doing,
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๋™๋ฃŒ๋‚˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ
10:16
so you get real-time signals.
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์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:18
Finally, identity.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, '์ž์•„' ๋Š”์š”.
10:22
We can flip identity with better stories.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํฌ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
Our brain loves stories.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
So we need better stories of where we all want to go,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ ,
10:31
and we need more stories of the heroes and heroines
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์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์˜์›…๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
10:34
of all stripes that are making real change happen.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
I'm proud that my hometown of Oslo
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ ์˜ค์Šฌ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ, ๋ฒ„์Šค ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์—†์ด
10:43
is now embarking on a bold journey of electrifying all transport,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋“ค์„ ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฐํ•œ ์—ฌ์ •์— ์ฐฉ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„
10:47
whether cars, bikes or buses.
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์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
One of the people spearheading this is Christina Bu.
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์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‘์ง€ํœ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
She is heading the Electric Vehicle Association for years
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ํ˜‘ํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
10:58
and she has been fighting every day.
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๋งค์ผ ๋งค์ผ์„ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
Now, the UK and France, India and China have also announced plans
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์ด์ œ ์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค, ์ธ๋„์™€ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์—ญ์‹œ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํŒ๋งค๋ฅผ
11:05
for ending the sales of fossil cars.
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๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
Now, that's massive.
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ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
11:09
And in Oslo, we can see how enthusiastic EV owners
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์˜ค์Šฌ๋กœ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์—ด์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ
11:14
go and tell their electric stories to friends and neighbors
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์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์›ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ฅผ
11:18
and bring them along.
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๊ถŒํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
So we come full circle from story back to social.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ์™”๋„ค์š”.
11:25
So thousands of climate communicators
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์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ์—ฌ๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์€
11:28
are now starting to use these solutions
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์ด์ œ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„
11:31
all over the world.
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์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
It is clear, however, that individual solutions
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์—
11:36
are not sufficient to solving climate alone,
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
11:39
but they do build stronger bottom-up support
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ถ•์ ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ์œ„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
11:46
for policies and solutions that can.
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๋“ ๋“ ํ•œ ๋””๋”ค๋Œ์ด ๋˜์–ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
That is why engaging people is so crucial.
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๋™์‹œ์— ์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธํ† ๋ก ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
I started this talk
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์„
11:56
with testing two ways of communicating climate with you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
There is another way, too,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด
12:03
I'd like to share with you.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
It starts with reimagining climate itself
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ฅผ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ 
12:08
as the living air.
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์žฌ์ •์˜ ํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
Climate isn't really about some abstract, distant climate
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๊ธฐํ›„๋Š” ์ •๋ง์ด์ง€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋™๋–จ์–ด์ง„
12:14
far, far away from us.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
It's about this air that surrounds us.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:18
This air, you can feel in this room, too,
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์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ
12:21
the air that moves right now in your nostrils.
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์ฆ‰, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ฝ”์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
This air is our earth's skin.
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์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์™€ ๊ฐ™๊ณ ์š”.
12:29
It's amazingly thin,
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๋†€๋ผ์šธ ๋งŒํผ ์–‡์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ฃ .
12:31
compared to the size of the earth and the cosmos it shields us from,
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ธต์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:36
far thinner than the skin of an apple
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์‚ฌ๊ณผ๊ป์งˆ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์–‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
compared to its diameter.
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12:41
It may look infinite when we look up,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฌดํ•œํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
12:45
but the beautiful, breathable air is only like five to seven miles thin,
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์‹ค์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆจ์‰ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ์˜ค์ง 5 ~ 7 ๋งˆ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
a fragile wrapping around a massive ball.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ป์งˆ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ• ๊นŒ์š”.
12:55
Inside this skin,
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๊ทธ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์•„๋ž˜์—๋Š”
12:57
we're all closely connected.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
The breath that you just took
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋‚ด์‰ฐ ๊ทธ ์ˆจ ์†์—”
13:03
contained around 400,000 of the same argon atoms
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์•ฝ 40๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์•„๋ฅด๊ณค ์›์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ„๋””๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ์‰ฌ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ˆจ ์†์—๋„
13:08
that Gandhi breathed during his lifetime.
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๋™์ผํ•œ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์•„๋ฅด๊ณค ์›์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
Inside this thin, fluctuating, unsettled film,
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์ด ์–‡๊ณ  ์š”๋™์น˜๋ฉฐ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•œ ๋ง‰ ์•ˆ์—์„œ
13:16
all of life is nourished, protected and held.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ช…๋“ค์ด ์˜์–‘์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:21
It insulates and regulates temperatures
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ธต์ด
13:23
in a range that is just right for water and for life as we know it,
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์ •๋ง ๋”ฑ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•Œ๋งž๊ฒŒ ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์–‘๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์€ ๋ฌดํ•œํ•จ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ
13:27
and mediating between the blue ocean and black eternity,
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์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋•๋ถ„์—
13:31
the clouds carry all the billions of tons of water
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๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์€ ํ† ์–‘์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ์–ต ํ†ค์˜ ๋ฌผ์„
13:34
needed for the soils.
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๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
13:36
The air fills the rivers,
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ๊ฐ•์„ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ฃผ๊ณ 
13:39
stirs the waters,
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๋ฌผ์„ ์ €์–ด์ฃผ๋ฉฐ
13:41
waters the forests.
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์‚ผ๋ฆผ์— ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
With a global weirding of the weather,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐํ›„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:45
there are good reasons for feeling fear and despair,
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์ •๋ง ๊ณตํฌ์™€ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๋Š๋‚„๋งŒํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
13:51
yet we may first grieve today's sorry state and losses
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ํ—ˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚ ์˜ ์•ˆํƒ€๊นŒ์šด ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์†์‹ค์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์Šฌํผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
13:56
and then turn to face the future with sober eyes and determination.
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๊ฒฐ์˜์— ์ฐฌ ๋ƒ‰์ฒ ํ•œ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๊ฐœ ๋Œ๋ ค ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
14:02
The new psychology of climate action
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ๋Œ€์‘์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์€
14:05
lies in letting go, not of science,
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ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋งก๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ณผํ•™์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ถ”์ƒํ™”์™€ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ข…๋ง๋ก ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
14:08
but of the crutches of abstractions and doomism,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๋งํ• ์ง€ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
and then choosing to tell the new stories.
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14:15
These are the stories
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
14:17
of how we achieve drawdown, the reversing of global warming.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
These are the stories of the steps we take
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ทจํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ํ–‰๋™๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
as peoples, cities, companies
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ํšŒ์‚ฌ, ๋„์‹œ
14:28
and public bodies
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ
14:30
in caring for the air
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์‹œ๋ จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
14:32
in spite of strong headwinds.
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
These are the stories of the steps we take
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ทจํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ํ–‰๋™๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
because they ground us in what we are as humans:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ด ๋•…์„ ๋”›๊ณ  ์ด ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์†์—์„œ
14:42
earthlings inside this living air.
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์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ธ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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