Greg Lynn: How calculus is changing architecture

68,852 views ・ 2009-01-13

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Bhujon Kang κ²€ν† : Chihyun Moon
00:12
What I thought I would talk about today
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μ œκ°€ 였늘 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³  싢은 것은,
00:14
is the transition from one mode
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μžμ—°μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‚¬κ³ μ˜ ν•œ κ²½ν–₯μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°
00:17
of thinking about nature
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건좕에 μ˜ν•΄ μΆ”μ λ˜λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œμ˜
00:19
to another that's tracked by architecture.
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전이에 λŒ€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
What's interesting about architects is,
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건좕가에 λŒ€ν•΄ ν₯λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” κ²ƒλ“€λ‘œ,
00:24
we always have tried to justify beauty
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 항상 μžμ—°μ„ κ΄€μ°°ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ„œ
00:27
by looking to nature,
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아름닀움을 μ •λ‹Ήν™” ν•΄μ™”λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
and arguably, beautiful architecture
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그리고 λ…ΌμŸμ μœΌλ‘œ, μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ 건좕은 항상
00:32
has always been looking at a model of nature.
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μžμ—°μ˜ λͺ¨λΈμ„ 바라보아야 ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
So, for roughly 300 years,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, λŒ€λž΅ 300λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ,
00:37
the hot debate in architecture
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κ±΄μΆ•μ—μ„œμ˜ 뜨거운 λ…ΌμŸμ€
00:39
was whether the number five
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숫자 5λ‚˜ 7이 건좕을 μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆμ–΄,
00:41
or the number seven
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더 λ‚˜μ€ λΉ„μœ¨μ΄λƒλŠ”
00:43
was a better proportion to think about architecture,
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λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
because the nose was one-fifth of your head,
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μ½”λŠ” 머리의 5λΆ„μ˜1 크기이고,
00:49
or because your head was one-seventh of your body.
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λ¨Έλ¦¬λŠ” 우리 λͺΈμ˜ 7λΆ„μ˜ 1μ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
00:52
And the reason that that was the model
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그리고 그것이 미와 μžμ—°μ˜
00:54
of beauty and of nature
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λͺ¨λΈμ΄ λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ μ΄μœ λŠ”.
00:56
was because the decimal point had not been invented yet --
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κ·Έλ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ 십진법이 κ°œλ°œλ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
it wasn't the 16th century --
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그것은 16μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ μΌμ΄μ—ˆκ³ ,
01:02
and everybody had to dimension a building
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒμ€ λΆ„μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ 건물의
01:05
in terms of fractions,
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크기λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
so a room would be dimensioned
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ°©ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” 건물 μ •λ©΄(νŒŒμ‚¬λ“œ)의 4λΆ„μ˜1둜
01:09
as one-fourth of a facade;
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λ˜μ—ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
the structural dais of that might be dimensioned as 10 units,
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창의 κ΅¬μ‘°μ—­ν• μ˜ 연단은 λ‹¨μœ„10κ°œλ‘œμ„œ μΈ‘μ •λ˜μ—ˆμ„ 것이고,
01:15
and you would get down to the small elements
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μž‘μ€ λΆ€μž¬μ˜ λΉ„μœ¨μ€ λΆ„μˆ˜ λ‚˜λˆ—μ…ˆμœΌλ‘œ κ·Έ 크기λ₯Ό
01:18
by fractional subdivision:
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쀄일 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
finer and finer and finer.
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더 μž‘κ²Œ, 더 μž‘κ²Œ...
01:22
In the 15th century, the decimal point was invented;
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15세기에 이λ₯΄λŸ¬, 십진법이 발λͺ…λ˜λ©΄μ„œ,
01:25
architects stopped using fractions,
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건좕가듀은 λΆ„μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것을 관두고,
01:27
and they had a new model of nature.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μžμ—°μ˜ λͺ¨λΈμ„ λ„μž…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
So, what's going on today
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, 였늘 λ‹€λ£° λ‚΄μš©μ€
01:32
is that there's a model of natural form
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미적뢄을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œν•˜μ—¬
01:35
which is calculus-based
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디지털 μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œ
01:37
and which is using digital tools,
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μžμ—°ν˜•νƒœμ˜ λͺ¨λΈμ— λŒ€ν•œκ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
and that has a lot of implications
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그리고, 그것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 미와 ν˜•νƒœμ—
01:41
to the way we think about beauty and form,
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λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•œ
01:43
and it has a lot of implications in the way we think about nature.
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λ§Žμ€ ν•¨μ˜λ₯Ό 가지기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
The best example of this would probably be the Gothic,
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이쀑 κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 μ‚¬λ‘€λŠ” μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 고딕양식일 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
and the Gothic was invented after the invention of calculus,
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그리고 고딕은 λ―Έμ λΆ„μ˜ 발λͺ… 이 ν›„ 발λͺ…λ˜μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
01:54
although the Gothic architects
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비둝 고딕양식 건좕가듀이 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό
01:56
weren't really using calculus to define their forms.
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μ •μ˜ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 미적뢄을 μ“°μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œμš”.
01:59
But what was important is,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ€‘μš”ν–ˆλ˜ 것은,
02:01
the Gothic moment in architecture was the first time
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κ±΄μΆ•μ—μ„œ κ³ λ”•μ–‘μ‹μ˜ μ‹œκΈ°κ°€ 힘과 μš΄λ™μ΄
02:03
that force and motion was thought of in terms of form.
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ν˜•νƒœμ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬κ³ λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ 첫번째 μ‹œκΈ°μ˜€λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
So, examples like Christopher Wren's King's Cross:
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, ν¬λ¦¬μŠ€ν† νΌ 뀀의 ν‚Ήμ¦ˆν¬λ‘œμŠ€μ™€ 같은 사둀듀,
02:10
you can see that the structural forces of the vaulting
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즉, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 볼트(λ‘₯κ·Ό 천μž₯)ꡬ쑰의 ꡬ쑰적 힘이 μ„ λ“€λ‘œ
02:14
get articulated as lines, so you're really actually seeing
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λ‹€μ–‘ν™”λ˜λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 있고,ꡬ쑰적 힘과 ν˜•νƒœμ˜
02:17
the expression of structural force and form.
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ν‘œν˜„μ„ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ³΄κ³ μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
Much later, Robert Maillart's bridges,
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훨씬 ν›„μ˜, λ‘œλ²„νŠΈ 멜둸λ₯΄μ˜ 닀리듀,
02:23
which optimize structural form
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거의 파라볼라처럼 미적뢄 κ³‘μ„ μœΌλ‘œ
02:26
with a calculus curvature almost like a parabola.
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ꡬ쑰적 ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό μ΅œμ ν™” ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
The Hanging Chain models of Antonio Gaudi,
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슀페인 건좕가 μ•ˆν† λ‹ˆ κ°€μš°λ””μ˜
02:33
the Catalan architect.
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맀달린 μ‚¬μŠ¬ λͺ¨λΈ.
02:35
The end of the 19th century, beginning of the 20th century,
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이 μ‹œκΈ°λŠ” 19μ„ΈκΈ° λ§μ—μ„œ 20μ„ΈκΈ° 초 λ¬΄λ ΅μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
02:40
and how that Hanging Chain model
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그리고 μ € μ‚¬μŠ¬ λͺ¨λΈμ΄
02:42
translates into archways
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μ•„μΉ˜ν†΅λ‘œμ™€ 볼트천μž₯으둜
02:44
and vaulting.
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μ „μ΄λ˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
So, in all of these examples,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, 이 μ‚¬λ‘€λ“€μ˜ λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ,
02:48
structure is the determining force.
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κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ” 결정적인 힘으둜 μž‘μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
Frei Otto was starting to use foam bubble diagrams
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프라이 μ˜€ν† λŠ” 포말 κ±°ν’ˆ λ‹€μ΄μ–΄κ·Έλž¨μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
and foam bubble models to generate his Mannheim Concert Hall.
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그리고 κ·Έ λ‹€μ΄μ–΄κ·Έλž¨μ€ λ§¨ν•˜μž„ μ½˜μ„œνŠΈν™€μ— μ΄μš©λ˜μ—ˆκ΅¬μš”.
03:00
Interestingly, in the last 10 years
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ν₯λ―Έλ‘­κ²Œλ„ μ§€λ‚œ 10λ…„ λ™μ•ˆμ—
03:03
Norman Foster used a similar heat thermal transfer model
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λ…Έλ¨Όν¬μŠ€ν„°λŠ” μœ μ‚¬ν•œ μ—΄ 전달 λͺ¨ν˜•μ„ 영ꡭ 내셔널 가러리의
03:07
to generate the roof of the National Gallery,
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μ§€λΆ•ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
with the structural engineer Chris Williams.
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κ΅¬μ‘°μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄ 크리슀 μœŒλ¦¬μ—„μŠ€μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
In all these examples,
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이 λͺ¨λ“  μ˜ˆλ“€μ„ 보면,
03:15
there's one ideal form,
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 이상적 ν˜•νƒœκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
because these are thought in terms of structure.
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이것은 ꡬ쑰적 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ μƒκ°λœ 것이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
And as an architect, I've always found these kinds of systems
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그리고, μ €λŠ” κ±΄μΆ•κ°€λ‘œμ„œ (μ μš©ν•˜κΈ°μ—,) 항상 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ ꡉμž₯히
03:23
very limiting, because I'm not interested in ideal forms
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μ œν•œμ μΈ κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ €λŠ” 이상적 ν˜•νƒœλ“€μ—
03:27
and I'm not interested in optimizing to some perfect moment.
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λŒ€ν•œ 관심과 λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ™„λ²½ν•œ μˆœκ°„μ„ μ΅œμ ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 것에 ν₯λ―Έκ°€ μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
So, what I thought I would bring up is
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, μ œκ°€ μ œκΈ°ν•œ 생각은 λ°”λ‘œ,
03:35
another component that needs to be thought of,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μžμ—°μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” μ–΄λŠ μˆœκ°„μ΄λ“ ,
03:37
whenever you think about nature,
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κ³ λ €ν•΄μ•Όν•  λ˜λ‹€λ₯Έ μš”μ†ŒλŠ”
03:39
and that's basically the invention of
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기본적으둜 μœ μ „ν•™μ  진화λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ
03:41
generic form in genetic evolution.
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포괄적인 ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 발λͺ…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
My hero is actually not Darwin;
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제 μš°μƒμ€ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ‹€μœˆμ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
it's a guy named William Bateson,
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μœŒλ¦¬μ—„ λ² μž‡μŠ¨μ΄λž€ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ£ .
03:50
father of Greg Bateson, who was here for a long time in Monterey.
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κ·Έλ ‰ λ² μž‡μŠ¨μ˜ μ•„λ²„μ§€λ‘œ, 그렉은 μ—¬κΈ° λͺ¬ν…Œλ€Όμ— 였래 머물렀기도 ν•˜μ£ .
03:55
And he was what you'd call a teratologist:
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그리고 κ·ΈλŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ κΈ°ν˜•(ε₯‡ε½’)ν•™μžλΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•˜κ΅¬μš”.
03:57
he looked at all of the monstrosities and mutations
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κ·ΈλŠ” κ·œμΉ™κ³Ό 법칙을 μ°ΎκΈ°μœ„ν•΄ ν‘œμ€€μ μΈ 것듀을 λ³΄λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ 
04:02
to find rules and laws, rather than looking at the norms.
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였히렀 λͺ¨λ“  κ΄΄λ¬Όκ³Ό λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
So, instead of trying to find the ideal type
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, 이상적인 νƒ€μž…μ΄λ‚˜ 이상적 ν‘œμ€€μ„
04:08
or the ideal average,
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찾으렀 ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œλ„ λŒ€μ‹ ,
04:10
he'd always look for the exception. So, in this example,
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κ·ΈλŠ” 항상 μ˜ˆμ™Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ 것듀을 μ°Ύμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ„€, μ—¬κΈ° κ·Έ μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
which is an example of what's called Bateson's Rule,
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이것은 λ² μž‡μŠ¨μ˜ 법칙이라 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 사둀이죠.
04:15
he has two kinds of mutations of a human thumb.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 두쒅λ₯˜μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒ 엄지손가락 κΈ°ν˜• ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
When I first saw this image, 10 years ago,
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μ œκ°€ 10λ…„μ „ 이 이미지λ₯Ό 처음 λ³΄μ•˜μ„ λ•Œ,
04:21
I actually found it very strange and beautiful at the same time.
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μ‹€μ œκ³  μ €λŠ” λ™μ‹œμ— 이상함과 아름닀움을 κ·Έ μ†μ—μ„œ μ°Ύμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
Beautiful, because it has symmetry.
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아름닀움, 그것이 μ’Œμš°λŒ€μΉ­μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
04:27
So, what he found is that in all cases of thumb mutations,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, κ·Έκ°€ 찾은 것은 엄지손가락 κΈ°ν˜•μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λ‘€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
instead of having a thumb,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 엄지 λŒ€μ‹ 
04:34
you would either get another opposable thumb,
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λ˜λ‹€λ₯Έ λŒ€μΉ­μ˜ μ—„μ§€μ†κ°€λ½μ΄λ‚˜
04:36
or you would get four fingers.
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λ„€κ°œμ˜ 손가락을 κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
So, the mutations reverted to symmetry.
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λ„€. λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄λŠ” μ’Œμš°λŒ€μΉ­μœΌλ‘œ νšŒκ·€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
And Bateson invented
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그리고 λ² μž‡μŠ¨μ€ μ’Œμš°λŒ€μΉ­
04:43
the concept of symmetry breaking,
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제거의 κ°œλ…μ„ 발λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:45
which is that
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그것은,
04:47
wherever you lose information in a system,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ ν•œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ(μœ μ „μž)λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 정보λ₯Ό μžƒμœΌλ©΄
04:50
you revert back to symmetry.
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μ’Œμš°λŒ€μΉ­ μƒνƒœλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°„λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
So, symmetry wasn't the sign of order and organization --
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λ„€, μ’Œμš°λŒ€μΉ­μ€ μ§ˆμ„œλ‚˜ 쑰직의 ν‘œμ‹œκ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:56
which is what I was always understanding, and as is an architect --
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그것은 μ œκ°€ 항상 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 것이고, κ±΄μΆ•κ°€μ˜ μž…μž₯μ—μ„œ
04:59
symmetry was the absence of information.
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μ’Œμš°λŒ€μΉ­μ€ μ •λ³΄μ˜ λΆ€μž¬μ˜€λ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:02
So, whenever you lost information, you'd move to symmetry;
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, 정보λ₯Ό μžƒμœΌλ©΄, μ’Œμš°λŒ€μΉ­μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
whenever you added information to a system, you would break symmetry.
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μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— 정보λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•˜λ©΄, μ’Œμš°λŒ€μΉ­μ„ κΉ° κ±°κ΅¬μš”.
05:08
So, this whole idea of natural form shifted at that moment
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자, 이 μžμ—°ν˜•νƒœμ— λŒ€ν•œ 포괄적 μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄λŠ”
05:12
from looking for ideal shapes
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이상적 ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό μ°ΎλŠ” κ²ƒμ—μ„œ
05:15
to looking for a combination of
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μ •λ³΄μ˜ μ‘°ν•©κ³Ό 포괄적 ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό
05:17
information and generic form.
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μ°ΎλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ΄λ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:21
You know, literally after seeing that image,
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μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, λ§κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ μ € 이미지λ₯Ό λ³Έ ν›„,
05:24
and finding out what Bateson was working with,
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그리고 λ² μž‡μŠ¨μ΄ μž‘μ—…ν–ˆλ˜ 것듀을 λ°œκ²¬ν•œ ν›„,
05:27
we started to use these rules for symmetry breaking and branching
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ’Œμš°λŒ€μΉ­μ„ νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ—°κ²°μ‹œν‚€λŠ”λ° 이 법칙듀을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:31
to start to think about architectural form.
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κ±΄μΆ•ν˜•νƒœμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ˜€μ£ .
05:33
To just talk for a minute about the
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이제, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€κΈˆ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 디지털 맀체와
05:36
digital mediums that we're using now
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그듀이 미적뢄과 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν†΅ν•©λ˜λŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄
05:38
and how they integrate calculus:
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μž μ‹œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄,
05:41
the fact that they're calculus-based
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그듀이 미적뢄 λ² μ΄μŠ€λΌλŠ” 사싀은
05:43
means that we don't have to think about dimension
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이상적인 λ‹¨μœ„λ‚˜ λΆ„λ³„λœ μš”μ†Œμ  츑면에
05:46
in terms of ideal units
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κ΄€λ ¨λœ μΉ˜μˆ˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄
05:48
or discreet elements.
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생각할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
So, in architecture we deal with
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자, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 각 κ΅¬μ„±μš”μ†Œλ‘œ 이루어진
05:53
big assemblies of components,
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덩치큰 결합물을 λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” κ±΄μΆ•μ—μ„œ,
05:55
so there might be up to, say,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ§€κΈˆ μ•‰μ•„κ³„μ‹œλŠ” 이 λ°© μ•ˆμ—λ„
05:58
50,000 pieces of material
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50,000쑰각 μ •λ„μ˜ μž¬λ£Œκ°€
06:00
in this room you're sitting in right now
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λͺ¨λ‘ μ‘°μ§λ˜μ–΄μ•Όν•˜λŠ” μƒνƒœλ‘œ
06:02
that all need to get organized.
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μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  생각할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
Now, typically you'd think that they would all be the same:
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이제, μ „ν˜•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 그것듀이 λͺ¨λ‘ 같은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°λ λ²•ν•œ,
06:07
like, the chairs you're sitting in would all be the same dimension.
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예λ₯Όλ“€μ–΄, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ•‰μ•„μžˆλŠ” μ˜μžκ°€ 같은 치수λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλ‹€κ³  생각될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:09
You know, I haven't verified this, but it's the norm
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λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄, μ €λŠ” 이것을 검증해보진 μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ, λͺ¨λ“  μ˜μžκ°€
06:12
that every chair would be a slightly different dimension,
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약간은 λ‹€λ₯Έ 치수λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλŠ” 것이 λ³΄ν†΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:15
because you'd want to space them all out for everybody's sight lines.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ λͺ¨λ“ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ μ‹œμ„ μ—μ„œ μ˜μžκ°€ λͺ¨λ‘ μΌμ •ν•œ 간격을 두길 원할 κ²ƒμ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
06:19
The elements that make up the ceiling grid and the lighting,
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천μž₯의 μ§κ΅ν•˜λŠ” μ„ λ“€κ³Ό μ‘°λͺ…을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 각 μš”μ†Œλ“€μ€,
06:23
they're all losing their modular quality,
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λͺ¨λ‘λ‹€ μ™„λ²½ν•˜κ²ŒλŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λͺ¨λ“ˆ μ§ˆμ„œλ₯Ό 지킀고 μžˆμ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λ©°,
06:26
and moving more and more to these infinitesimal dimensions.
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κ·Έ μš”μ†Œλ“€μ€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ·Ήμ†Œμ˜ λ²”μœ„ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 훨씬 많이 움직이고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:29
That's because we're all using calculus tools
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ¨λ‘ μƒμ‚°κ³Όμ •μ΄λ‚˜ λ””μžμΈμ—μ„œ
06:31
for manufacturing and for design.
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미적뢄 도ꡬλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
Calculus is also a mathematics of curves.
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미적뢄은 λ˜ν•œ κ³‘μ„ μ˜ μˆ˜ν•™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
So, even a straight line, defined with calculus, is a curve.
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심지어 직선쑰차 λ―Έμ λΆ„ν•™μ˜ μ •μ˜μ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ κ³‘μ„ μ˜ μΌμ’…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:42
It's just a curve without inflection.
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그것은 ꡴절이 μ—†λŠ” 컀브라고 ν•  수 μžˆκ² μ§€μš”.
06:44
So, a new vocabulary of form
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ, ν˜•νƒœμ™€ κ΄€λ ¨λœ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μš©μ–΄λŠ”
06:47
is now pervading all design fields:
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이제 λͺ¨λ“  λ””μžμΈ μ˜μ—­μ— νΌμ ΈμžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:50
whether it's automobiles, architecture, products, etc.,
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μžλ™μ°¨, 건좕, μ œν’ˆμƒμ‚° 등등에 두루 적용되고 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
06:54
it's really being affected by this digital medium of curvature.
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그것은 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 곑λ₯ μ„ 닀루고 μžˆλŠ” 디지털 맀체에 μ˜ν•΄ 영ν–₯λ°›κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:57
The intricacies of scale that come out of that --
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κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ μŠ€μΌ€μΌμ˜ λ³΅μž‘μ„±μ—μ„œ,
07:00
you know, in the example of the nose to the face,
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μ–Όκ΅΄μ—μ„œ μ½”μ˜ μ˜ˆμ—μ„œμ™€ 같이,
07:03
there's a fractional part-to-whole idea.
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λΆ„μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ λΆ€λΆ„ λŒ€ μ „μ²΄μ˜ 생각이 λ°˜μ˜λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:06
With calculus, the whole idea
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미적뢄을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ,
07:09
of subdivision is more complex,
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λΆ€λΆ„λΆ„ν• μ˜ 전체 μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄λŠ” 훨씬 λ³΅μž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:11
because the whole and the parts are one continuous series.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 전체와 뢀뢄은 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 연속적인 집합이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:15
It's too early in the morning for a lecture on calculus,
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μ§€κΈˆμ²˜λŸΌ μ•„μΉ¨μ‹œκ°„λŒ€λŠ” 미적뢄 κ°•μ˜ν•˜κΈ°λŠ” 쑰금 이λ₯΄κ΅°μš”.
07:18
so I brought some images to just describe how that works.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 것듀이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ¬˜μ‚¬λ˜λŠ”μ§€ λͺ‡κ°€μ§€ 이미지λ₯Ό μ€€λΉ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:22
This is a Korean church that we did in Queens.
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이것은 ν€Έμ¦ˆμ— μžˆλŠ” ν•œκ΅­κ΅νšŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:25
And in this example, you can see
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그리고, μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ³΄μ‹œλ“―μ΄,
07:28
that the components of this stair are repetitive,
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계단 μš”μ†Œλ“€μ΄ 반볡되고 μžˆμ§€μš”.
07:32
but they're repetitive without being modular.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λͺ¨λ“ˆλ‘œ μ •ν˜•ν™”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ λ°˜λ³΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:34
Each one of the elements in this structure
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이 κ΅¬μ‘°λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 각각의 μš”μ†Œλ“€μ€
07:36
is a unique distance and dimension,
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κ°œλ³„μ μΈ 거리과 크기λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:40
and all of the connections are unique angles.
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그리고 λͺ¨λ“  μ—°κ²°λΆ€μœ„λ“€μ€ κ°œλ³„μ μΈ 각도λ₯Ό κ°€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:42
Now, the only way we could design that,
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이제, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ””μžμΈ ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ μœ μΌν•œ,
07:44
or possibly construct it,
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ν˜Ήμ€ κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ ꡬ좕이 κ°€λŠ₯μΌ€ ν–ˆλ˜κ²ƒμ€
07:47
is by using a calculus-based definition
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미적뢄 λ°”νƒ•μ˜ ν˜•νƒœμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ •μ˜λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆλ˜
07:49
of the form.
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κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:51
It also is much more dynamic,
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그것은 λ˜ν•œ 훨씬 더 역동적이기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:53
so that you can see that the same form opens and closes
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 같은 ν˜•νƒœκ°€ 달리 κ°œνλ˜λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆκ΅¬μš”.
07:56
in a very dynamic way as you move across it,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 그것을 κ°€λ‘œμ§ˆλŸ¬ κ°€λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ ꡉμž₯히 역동적인 λ°©ν–₯성을 κ°€μ§€λ©΄μ„œμš”.
07:59
because it has this quality of vector in motion
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 그것은 내뢀에 κ΅¬μΆ•λœ λ™μž‘μ—μ„œ λ²‘ν„°κ°’μ˜
08:02
built into it.
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μ„±μ§ˆμ„ 가지기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:04
So the same space that appears to be a kind of closed volume,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ νμ‡„λœ 체적이 λ˜λ„λ‘ λ³΄μ—¬μ§€λŠ” λ™μΌν•œ 곡간이
08:07
when seen from the other side becomes a kind of open vista.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•œμͺ½μ—μ„œ λ³΄μ—¬μ‘Œμ„ λ•ŒλŠ” μΌμ’…μ˜ μ—΄λ¦° 경치λ₯Ό κ°–κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:11
And you also get a sense of
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그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ λ˜ν•œ κ³΅κ°„λ‚΄μ—μ„œ
08:13
visual movement in the space,
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μ‹œκ°μ  μ›€μ§μž„μ˜ 감각을 μ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
because every one of the elements is changing in a pattern,
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κ·Έ μš”μ†Œλ“€ 각각은 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ νŒ¨ν„΄λ‚΄μ—μ„œ λ³€ν•˜κ³  있으며,
08:19
so that pattern leads your eye towards the altar.
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그렇기에 νŒ¨ν„΄μ€ μ„±μ°¬λŒ€(alter) λ₯Ό ν–₯ν•΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ λˆˆμ„ 이끌기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:23
I think that's one of the main changes,
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μ €λŠ” 그것을 μ£Όμš”ν•œ 변화쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜λ©°,
08:26
also, in architecture:
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λ˜ν•œ κ±΄μΆ•μ—μ„œ,
08:28
that we're starting to look now not for some ideal form,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이제 λͺ‡λͺ‡ 이상적 ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό 찾지 μ•ŠλŠ” 것을 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:31
like a Latin cross for a church,
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κ΅νšŒμ—μ„œ 라틴 μ‹­μžκ°€μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
08:34
but actually all the traits of a church:
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λͺ¨λ“  ꡐ회의 νŠΉμ§•μΈ
08:36
so, light that comes from behind from an invisible source,
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보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” μ†ŒμŠ€λ₯Ό λ„˜μ–΄μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” λΉ›
08:40
directionality that focuses you towards an altar.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜λŠ” μ œλ‹¨μ„ ν–₯ν•˜λŠ” λ°©ν–₯μ„±κ³Ό κ°™μ΄μš”.
08:44
It turns out it's not rocket science
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μ„±μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ 곡간을 λ””μžμΈν•˜λŠ” 것은
08:46
to design a sacred space.
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μ§„λ³΄λœ κ³Όν•™(rocket science)을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ²Œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:48
You just need to incorporate a certain number of traits
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이제 λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ νŠΉμ„±λ“€μ„ μΌμ’…μ˜ μœ μ „ν•™μ  방법을 톡해
08:51
in a very kind of genetic way.
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톡합할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:54
So, these are the different perspectives of that interior,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이것듀은 각각의 λ‹€λ₯Έ 내뢀곡간 μ΄λ―Έμ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:56
which has a very complex
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그것은 λ‹¨μˆœν•œ ν˜•νƒœ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ
08:58
set of orientations all in a simple form.
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λ°©ν–₯μ„±μ˜ 맀우 λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 쑰합듀을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:02
In terms of construction and manufacturing,
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건섀과 μƒμ‚°μ˜ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ,
09:05
this is a kilometer-long housing block
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이것은 70λ…„λŒ€ μ•”μŠ€ν…Œλ₯΄λ‹΄μ— 지어진
09:08
that was built in the '70s in Amsterdam.
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1ν‚¬λ‘œλ―Έν„° 길이의 μ£Όκ±° λΈ”λŸ­μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:11
And here we've broken the 500 apartments
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그리고 여기에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 500μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ μ•„νŒŒνŠΈλ₯Ό
09:13
up into small neighborhoods,
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μž‘μ€ μ΄μ›ƒμœΌλ‘œ μͺΌκ°  λ’€,
09:16
and differentiated those neighborhoods.
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각각의 이웃을 λ‹€λ₯Έ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λΆ„ν™”μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:18
I won't go into too much description of any of these projects,
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μ €λŠ” 이 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ„€λͺ…을 보닀 μ„ΈλΆ€μ μœΌλ‘œ 듀어가지 μ•Šκ² μ§€λ§Œ
09:21
but what you can see is that
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” 것은
09:23
the escalators and elevators
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건물의 정면을 따라 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μˆœν™˜ν•˜λŠ”
09:26
that circulate people along the face of the building
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μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°μ™€ μ—˜λ ˆλ² μ΄ν„°κ°€ 122개의
09:29
are all held up by
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νŠΈλŸ¬μŠ€λ“€λ‘œ μ§€μ§€λ˜κ³ 
09:31
122 structural trusses.
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μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:35
Because we're using escalators
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 이동을 μœ„ν•΄
09:37
to move people,
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μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—,
09:39
all of these trusses are picking up diagonal loads.
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λͺ¨λ“  νŠΈλŸ¬μŠ€λ“€μ€ κΈ°μšΈμ–΄μ§„ λ°©ν–₯의 νž˜μ„ μ§€μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:44
So, every one of them is a little bit different-shaped
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, 각 λΆ€μž¬λŠ”, 건물의 길이λ₯Ό μ•½κ°„μ”© κ°μ†Œμ‹œν‚΄μœΌλ‘œμ„œ
09:47
as you move down the length of the building.
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μ•½κ°„μ”© λ‹€λ₯Έ ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό 가지고 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:49
So, working with
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, 벀틀리와 λ§ˆμ΄ν¬λ‘œμŠ€ν…Œμ΄μ…˜κ³Όμ˜
09:51
Bentley and MicroStation,
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ν˜‘λ™μž‘μ—…μ„ 톡해,
09:54
we've written a custom piece of software
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이듀 μ •λ³΄μ˜ λ©μ–΄λ¦¬λ‚΄μ—μ„œ
09:56
that networks all of the components together
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λͺ¨λ“  μš”μ†Œλ“€μ΄ ν•¨κ»˜ μ‘°μ§λ˜λŠ”, νŠΉμ„±ν™”λœ
09:59
into these chunks of information,
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μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:02
so that if we change any element
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 건물의 길이방ν–₯을 따라
10:04
along the length of the building,
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μ–΄λ–€ μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό λ°”κΏ€ 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
10:06
not only does that change distribute
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트러슀ꡬ쑰 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό 톡해 κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ λ³€ν™”κ°€ 뢄배정도λ₯Ό
10:09
through each one of the trusses,
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λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 것 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
10:11
but each one of the trusses then distributes that information
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각각의 νŠΈλŸ¬μŠ€κ°€ λ˜ν•œ 건물의 전체 μž…λ©΄μ˜ 길이 μ•„λž˜λ‘œ
10:14
down the length of the entire facade of the building.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό λΆ„λ°°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:17
So it's a single calculation
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κ·Έλ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬ 그것은 λͺ¨λ“  건물의 단일 μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄
10:19
for every single component of the building
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μΆ”κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”
10:22
that we're adding onto.
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λ‹¨μΌν•œ 계산법이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:24
So, it's tens of millions of calculations
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ λ§Žμ€ 계산듀이
10:28
just to design one connection between a piece of structural steel
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μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 볡수의 철골 λΆ€μž¬ 사이λ₯Ό μ—°κ²°ν•˜λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ””μžμΈ
10:31
and another piece of structural steel.
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으둜 ν†΅ν•©λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:33
But what it gives us is a harmonic
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그것이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ
10:35
and synthesized
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λͺ¨λ“  μš”μ†Œλ“€κ°„μ˜
10:39
relationship of all these components, one to another.
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μ‘°ν™”λ‘­κ³  ν†΅ν•©λœ 관계성 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:43
This idea has, kind of, brought me into doing
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이 κ°œλ…μ€, λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄, μ €μ—κ²Œ μ–΄λ–€ μ œν’ˆ λ””μžμΈμ„
10:46
some product design,
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ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 느끼게 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:48
and it's because design firms
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그리고 그것은 건좕가듀과 관계λ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•˜λŠ”
10:51
that have connections to architects,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄ μ œκ°€ κ³΅λ™μž‘μ—…μ€‘μΈ
10:53
like, I'm working with Vitra, which is a furniture company,
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κ°€κ΅¬νšŒμ‚¬μΈ λΉ„νŠΈλΌλΌλ˜κ°€, κ°€μ •μš©ν’ˆμ—…μ²΄μΈ μ•Œλ ˆμ‹œμ™€ 같은
10:56
and Alessi, which is a houseware company.
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λ””μžμΈ νšŒμ‚¬λ“€ λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄κ² μ§€μš”.
10:59
They saw this actually solving a problem:
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그듀은 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹€μ§ˆμ  λ¬Έμ œν•΄κ²°κ³Όμ •μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:01
this ability to differentiate components
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각 μš”μ†Œλ“€μ„ μ„ΈλΆ„ν™”ν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯을 가짐과 λ™μ‹œμ—
11:03
but keep them synthetic.
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그듀을 톡합할 수 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
11:06
So, not to pick on BMW,
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자 이제, BMWλ₯Ό κ±Έκ³ λ„˜μ–΄μ§€κ±°λ‚˜,
11:08
or to celebrate them,
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ν˜Ήμ€ 그듀을 기념(동경)ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ,
11:10
but take BMW as an example.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ˜ˆλ‘œμ„œ BMWλ₯Ό μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:12
They have to, in 2005,
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그듀은 2005년에
11:15
have a distinct identity
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λ³„λ„μ˜ 정체성을 κ°€μ Έμ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:17
for all their models of cars.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μžλ™μ°¨μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œμš”.
11:19
So, the 300 series, or whatever their newest car is,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, 300μ‹œλ¦¬μ¦ˆ, ν˜Ήμ€ μ–΄λ–€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 차쒅을 κ°œλ°œν•˜λ˜,
11:22
the 100 series that's coming out,
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μƒˆλ‘œ λ§Œλ“  100μ‹œλ¦¬μ¦ˆμ΄κ±΄ 간에
11:24
has to look like the 700 series,
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μƒμ‚°λΌμΈμ˜ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ
11:27
at the other end of their product line,
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700μ‹œλ¦¬μ¦ˆμ˜ λͺ¨λΈκ³Ό μœ μ‚¬ν•˜κ²Œ 보여야 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:30
so they need a distinct, coherent identity,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, BMWλŠ” κ΅¬λΆ„λ˜μ§€λ§Œ μΌκ΄€μ„±μžˆκ²Œ,
11:32
which is BMW.
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BMWλΌλŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 정체성이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:34
At the same time, there's a person paying 30,000 dollars
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λ™μ‹œμ— κ΅¬λ§€μžλ“€μ€ 30,000λ‹¬λŸ¬μ— 300μ‹œλ¦¬μ¦ˆλ₯Ό
11:37
for a 300-series car,
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κ΅¬μž…ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:39
and a person paying 70,000 dollars
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700μ‹œλ¦¬μ¦ˆλŠ” 70,000λ‹¬λŸ¬μ—
11:41
for a 700 series,
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νŒ”λ¦¬κ³  μžˆκ΅¬μš”.
11:43
and that person paying more than double
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700μ‹œλ¦¬μ¦ˆλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ κ°€κ²©μ˜ λ‘λ°°λ‚˜ μ§€λΆˆν•˜κ³ μ„œ
11:45
doesn't want their car to look too much like
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300μ‹œλ¦¬μ¦ˆ 같은 μ €κ°€ μžλ™μ°¨μ™€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•΄ λ³΄μ΄λŠ”
11:47
the bottom-of-the-market car.
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μ°¨λ₯Ό μ‚¬λ €λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 없을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:49
So they have to also discriminate between these products.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그듀은 이듀 μ œν’ˆμ•ˆμ—μ„œ μ°¨λ³„ν™”λœ νŠΉμ§•μ„ λΆ€μ—¬ν•΄μ•Όν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:52
So, as manufacturing
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그것은 μƒμ‚°μ‹œμž‘ λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ
11:54
starts to allow more
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더 λ§Žμ€ λ””μžμΈ μ˜΅μ…˜μ„
11:57
design options,
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λΆ€μ—¬ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ„œ,
11:59
this problem gets exacerbated,
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이 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 전체와 각 파트λ₯Ό
12:01
of the whole and the parts.
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λ”μš± μ•…ν™”μ‹œν‚€κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
12:03
Now, as an architect, part-to-whole relationships
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이제, κ±΄μΆ•κ°€λ‘œμ„œ, λΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œ 전체에 이λ₯΄λŠ” κ΄€κ³„λŠ”
12:05
is all I think about,
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μ œν’ˆ λ””μžμΈμ˜ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ
12:07
but in terms of product design
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μ œκ°€ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“ κ²ƒμ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:09
it's becoming more and more of an issue for companies.
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그것은 νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ—κ²Œ 훨씬 더 큰 μ΄μŠˆκ°€ 되고 있죠.
12:12
So, the first kind of test product we did
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν–ˆλ˜ 졜초의 ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ μ œν’ˆμ€
12:14
was with Alessi,
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컀피와 μ°¨μ„ΈνŠΈλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ”
12:16
which was for a coffee and tea set.
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μ•Œλ ˆμ‹œμ‚¬μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μž‘μ—…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:18
It's an incredibly expensive coffee and tea set;
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그것은 μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ λΉ„μ‹Ό 컀피 μ„ΈνŠΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:21
we knew that at the beginning. So, I actually went to some people I knew
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΅œμ΄ˆμ— 그것을 μ§μž‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆκ³ , μ €λŠ” κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ μ•Œλ˜
12:24
down south in San Diego,
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μ°Ύμ•„ μƒŒλ””μ—κ³  남μͺ½μœΌλ‘œ κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:27
and we used an exploded
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 파괴된
12:29
titanium forming method
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ν‹°νƒ€λŠ„ ν˜•νƒœμ œμž‘ 방법을 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:31
that's used in the aerospace industry.
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그것은 ν•­κ³΅μ‚°μ—…μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμ΄κ΅¬μš”.
12:34
Basically what we can do,
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기본적으둜 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 것은
12:36
is just cut a graphite mold,
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흑연λͺ°λ“œλ₯Ό 자λ₯΄κ³ 
12:38
put it in an oven, heat it to 1,000 degrees,
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μ˜€λΈμ— λ„£μ–΄ 1,000κΉŒμ§€ κ°€μ—΄ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆκ³ ,
12:42
gently inflate titanium that's soft,
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μ„œμ„œνžˆ λΆ€λ“œλŸ½κ²Œ νŒ½μ°½ν•œ ν‹°νƒ€λŠ„μ€
12:44
and then explode it at the last minute into this form.
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이 ν˜•ν‹€ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ μ΅œμ’…μ μœΌλ‘œ ν­λ°œν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:47
But what's great about it is,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œκ²ƒμ€
12:49
the forms are only a few hundred dollars.
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κ·Έ λͺ°λ“œν˜•ν‹€μ€ 겨우 수백 λ‹¬λŸ¬λ°–μ— ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:51
The titanium's several thousand dollars, but the forms are very cheap.
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μˆ˜μ²œλ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ ν‹°νƒ€λŠ„μ„ μΌμ§€λ§Œ, ν˜•ν‹€μ€ 맀우 μ €λ ΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:54
So, we designed a system here
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ λ””μžμΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:57
of eight curves that could be swapped,
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그것은 κ΅ν™˜κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ—¬λŸκ°œμ˜ κ³‘μ„ μœΌλ‘œ 이루어지고,
13:00
very similar to that housing project I showed you,
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μ œκ°€ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦° 주택 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ™€ 맀우 μœ μ‚¬ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:03
and we could recombine those together,
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것듀을 λ‹€μ‹œ μž¬κ²°ν•©ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:05
so that we always had ergonomic shapes
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그것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 인간곡학적 ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό 늘 κ°€μ Έμ™”λ˜ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ,
13:08
that always had the same volume
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항상 같은 λΆ€ν”Όλ₯Ό κ°€μ‘ŒμœΌλ©°,
13:11
and could always be produced in the same way.
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같은 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 생산될 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:13
That way, each one of these tools we could pay for with
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κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ λ°©ν–₯으둜, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ‡λ°± λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό μ§€λΆˆν–ˆλ˜
13:15
a few hundred dollars,
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이듀 κ°œλ³„λ„κ΅¬λŠ”,
13:17
and get incredible variation in the components.
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κ·Έ κ΅¬μ„±μš”μ†Œλ“€ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ λ―Ώμ„μˆ˜ 없이 λ§Žμ€ 닀양함을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:20
And this is one of those examples of the sets.
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그리고 이것은 κ·Έ μ„ΈνŠΈμ˜ μ˜ˆμ‹œλ“€ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:23
So, for me, what was important is that
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흠, μ €μ—κ²Œ μ€‘μš”ν•œκ²ƒμ€,
13:25
this coffee set --
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이 μ»€ν”Όμ„ΈνŠΈ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:27
which is just a coffee pot, a teapot,
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이것은 λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 컀피 ν˜Ήμ€ μ°»μ£Όμ „μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:29
and those are the pots sitting on a tray --
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그리고 λ°›μΉ¨λŒ€μœ„μ— 올렀져 μžˆλŠ” μ£Όμ „μžλ“€μ΄κ³ μš”.
13:31
that they would have a coherence --
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그듀은 일관성을 κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:33
so, they would be Greg Lynn Alessi coffee pots --
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λ„€, 그듀은 κ·Έλ ‰λ¦° μ•Œλ ˆμ‹œ(Alessi) μ»€ν”Όμ£Όμ „μž μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:36
but that everyone who bought one
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ΅¬λ§€ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
13:38
would have a one-of-a-kind object that was unique in some way.
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μ–΄λ–€ μ μ—μ„œ λ…νŠΉν•œ μ£Όμ „μžλ₯Ό κ°€μ§€κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” 것이죠.
13:43
To go back to architecture,
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λ‹€μ‹œ κ±΄μΆ•μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ,
13:45
what's organic about architecture as a field,
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ²”μ£Όλ‘œμ„œ 건좕에 λŒ€ν•΄ 무엇이 μœ κΈ°μ μΈκ°€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€,
13:48
unlike product design,
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μ œν’ˆ λ””μžμΈκ³Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œμš”,
13:50
is this whole issue of holism
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 전체둠과 기념비성에 λŒ€ν•œ
13:52
and of monumentality is really our realm.
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λͺ¨λ“  μ΄μŠˆκ°€ 우리의 λ²”μœ„λΌκ³  λŒ€λ‹΅λ  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:56
Like, we have to design things which are coherent as a single object,
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λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜κ²Œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ‚¬λ¬Όλ‘œμ„œ 일관적인 것듀을 λ””μžμΈ ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:00
but also break down into small rooms
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λ˜ν•œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μž‘μ€ κ³΅κ°„λ“€μ˜ λ‚΄λΆ€λ₯Ό λΆ•κ΄΄ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ©°,
14:03
and have an identity of both the big scale
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큰 μŠ€μΌ€μΌκ³Ό μž‘μ€ μŠ€μΌ€μΌ μ–‘μͺ½μ˜ 정체성을
14:05
and the small scale.
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λ˜ν•œ κ°€μ Έμ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:07
Architects tend to work with signature,
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건좕가듀은 기호λ₯Ό ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
14:11
so that an architect needs a signature
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기호λ₯Ό 톡해 μž‘μ—…ν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 있으며,
14:13
and that signature has to work across the scale of houses
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κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ κΈ°ν˜ΈλŠ” μ£Όνƒμ˜ μŠ€μΌ€μΌμ„ λ„˜μ–΄μ„œ μ΄ˆκ³ μΈ΅κ±΄λ¬Όμ—κΉŒμ§€
14:16
up to, say, skyscrapers,
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μž‘μš©λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:19
and that problem of signatures is a thing we're very good at maintaining
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그리고 기호의 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μœ μ§€ν•˜κ³  μž‘μ—…ν•˜λŠ”λ° 맀우 λŠ₯μˆ™ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”
14:22
and working with; and intricacy,
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것이기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고,
14:24
which is the relationship of, say,
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λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄ 건물의 λͺ¨μ–‘, ꡬ쑰, 창호, 색채, νŒ¨ν„΄μ˜ 관계인
14:26
the shape of a building, its structure, its windows,
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λ³΅μž‘ν•¨μ— λŒ€ν•œ 것이기도 ν•˜κ³ μš”.
14:29
its color, its pattern. These are real architectural problems.
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이것듀은 μ‹€μ§ˆμ μΈ 건좕적 λ¬Έμ œλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:34
So, my kind of hero for this in the natural world
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, μžμ—°μ„Έκ³„ λ‚΄μ˜ 이것에 λŒ€ν•œ μΌμ’…μ˜ 제 이상ν–₯은
14:37
are these tropical frogs.
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이듀 μ—΄λŒ€ κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:39
I got interested in them because they're the most
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μ €λŠ” 그것듀에 ν₯λ―Έλ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 그듀은
14:41
extreme example
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ν‘œλ©΄μ˜ κ°€μž₯ 극단적인 μ˜ˆμ‹œμ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:43
of a surface where
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λ˜ν•œ κ·Έ ν‘œλ©΄μ€ 문양이...
14:46
the texture and the -- let's call it the decoration --
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이것을 'μž₯식'이라고 λΆ€λ₯΄κΈ°λ‘œ ν•˜μ§€μš”... μ €λŠ” κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬κ°€
14:50
I know the frog doesn't think of it as decoration, but that's how it works --
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그것을 μž₯μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ§€λ§Œ, 그것이 μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ‹μ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
14:53
are all intricately connected to one another.
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μ•„λ¬΄νŠΌ, κ·Έ κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬λŠ” 문양이 λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•˜λ‚˜μ— μ™„μ „νžˆ λ‚œν•΄ν•˜κ²Œ μ—°κ²°λ˜λŠ” ν‘œλ©΄μ˜ ν•œ μ˜ˆκ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:56
So a change in the form
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·Έ ν˜•νƒœμ—μ„œμ˜ λ³€ν™”λŠ”
14:58
indicates a change in the color pattern.
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색채 νŒ¨ν„΄μ˜ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:00
So, the pattern and the form aren't the same thing,
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ, νŒ¨ν„΄κ³Ό ν˜•νƒœλŠ” λ™μΌν•œ 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ,
15:03
but they really work together and are fused
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그듀은 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ ν•¨κ»˜ μž‘μš©ν•˜κ³ , μ–΄λ–€ 방식을 톡해
15:05
in some way.
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μœ΅ν™”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:07
So, when doing a center
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ, μ½”μŠ€νƒ€λ¦¬μΉ΄
15:10
for the national parks in Costa Rica,
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ꡭ립곡원 μ„Όν„°λ₯Ό 섀계할 λ•Œ,
15:13
we tried to use that idea of a gradient color
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ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό 건물의 ν‘œλ©΄μ„ ν†΅κ³Όν•˜λ„λ‘
15:15
and a change in texture
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μ΄λ™μ‹œν‚€λ©΄μ„œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 점진적인 μƒ‰μ±„μ˜ κ°œλ…κ³Ό
15:18
as the structure moves across the surface of the building.
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λ¬Έμ–‘μ˜ λ³€ν™”μ˜ μ‚¬μš©μ„ μ‹œλ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:22
We also used a continuity of change
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ˜ν•œ 메인 μ „μ‹œν™€μ—μ„œ μžμ—°μ‚¬ λ°•λ¬Όκ΄€κΉŒμ§€
15:25
from a main exhibition hall to a natural history museum,
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연속적인 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:29
so it's all one continuous change
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그것은 건물의 λ³Όλ₯¨μ„ μ •ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆμ–΄
15:31
in the massing,
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λͺ¨λ“  ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 연속적 λ³€ν™”λ‘œ μ½ν˜€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ,
15:33
but within that massing are very different kinds of spaces and forms.
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κ·Έ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ λ³Όλ₯¨λ‹€λ£¨κΈ°λŠ” 곡간과 ν˜•νƒœμ˜ λ§€μš°λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…λ₯˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:37
In a housing project in Valencia, Spain, we're doing,
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슀페인 λ°œλ Œμ‹œμ•„μ˜ μ£Όκ±° ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
15:40
the different towers of housing fused together
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 주거의 탑듀을 μ„œλ‘œ μœ΅ν™”μ‹œν‚€λŠ” μž‘μ—…μ„
15:44
in shared curves so you get a single mass,
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곡유된 κ³‘μ„ μ†μ—μ„œ μ§„ν–‰ν–ˆκ³ , λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³΄μ‹œλŠ”λ°”μ™€ 같이
15:47
like a kind of monolith,
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μΌμ’…μ˜ λͺ¨λ†€λ¦¬μŠ€(monolith)와 같은 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 덩어리λ₯Ό μ–»κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:49
but it breaks down into individual elements.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ—¬μ „νžˆ 그것은 κ°œλ³„μ μΈ μš”μ†Œλ“€λ‘œ λΆ„λ¦¬λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:54
And you can see that that change in massing
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그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ ν˜•νƒœμž‘κΈ°(massing)의 λ³€ν™”κ°€ λ˜ν•œ
15:57
also gives all 48 of the apartments
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48개의 λͺ¨λ“  μ•„νŒŒνŠΈμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ…νŠΉν•œ ν˜•νƒœμ™€ 크기λ₯Ό
16:00
a unique shape and size,
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μ œκ³΅ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ,
16:02
but always within a, kind of, controlled limit,
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그것은 항상 μΌμ’…μ˜ ν†΅μ œλœ μ œν•œμ„ ,
16:05
an envelope of change.
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λ³€ν™”μ˜ λ²”μœ„ 내에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:09
I work with a group of other architects.
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μ €λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 건좕가 κ·Έλ£Ήκ³Ό 같이 μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:11
We have a company called United Architects.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—°ν•© 건좕가라고 쑰직을 λͺ…λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:13
We were one of the finalists for the World Trade Center site design.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 세계무역센터 λŒ€μ§€ λ””μžμΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ΅œμ’… κ²°μ„ νŒ€μ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆκ³ ,
16:17
And I think this just shows how
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 믿을 수 없이 큰 μŠ€μΌ€μΌμ˜
16:20
we were approaching
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건섀과 κ΄€λ ¨λœ λ¬Έμ œμ—
16:22
the problem of incredibly large-scale construction.
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μ ‘κ·Όν–ˆλ˜ 방법을 보여쀀닀고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:25
We wanted to make a kind of Gothic cathedral
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 세계무역센터 λŒ€μ§€μ˜ νˆ¬μ˜λ©΄μ μ„ 따라
16:28
around the footprints of the World Trade Center site.
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μΌμ’…μ˜ κ³ λ”• 성당을 λ§Œλ“€κΈ°λ₯Ό μ›ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:32
And to do that, we tried to connect up
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그리고 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ
16:35
the five towers into a single system.
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λ‚΄μ—μ„œ λ‹€μ„―κ°œμ˜ νƒ‘λ“€μ˜ 상뢀 연결을 μ‹œλ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:39
And we looked at, from the 1950s on,
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 1950λ…„λŒ€λΆ€ν„° λ³΄μ•˜λ˜,
16:43
there were numerous examples of other architects
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그와 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μž‘μ—…μ„ μ‹œλ„ν–ˆλ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ±΄μΆ•κ°€λ“€μ˜
16:45
trying to do the same thing.
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ˜ˆλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:47
We really approached it at the level
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 건물에 λŒ€ν•œ μ „ν˜•μ„±μ˜ μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ
16:49
of the typology of the building,
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그것에 μ ‘κ·Όν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:51
where we could build these five separate towers,
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λ˜ν•œ κ·Έ νƒ‘μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이듀 λ‹€μ„―κ°œμ˜ λΆ„λ¦¬λœ 탑듀을 ꡬ좕할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ,
16:53
but they would all join at the 60th floor
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그듀은 60μΈ΅μ—μ„œ λͺ¨λ‘ κ²°ν•©λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°,
16:56
and make a kind of single monolithic mass.
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μΌμ’…μ˜ 획일적 덩어리λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:00
With United Architects, also,
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λ˜ν•œ 건좕가연합과 ν•¨κ»˜
17:02
we made a proposal for the European Central Bank headquarters
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 유럽 쀑앙 은행 본사에 λŒ€ν•œ μ œμ•ˆμ„ λ‚΄μ–΄ λ†“μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:05
that used the same system,
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μ—­μ‹œ 같은 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆκ΅¬μš”.
17:07
but this time in a much more monolithic mass,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ΄λ•ŒλŠ” λ”μš± λ§Žμ€ 획일적 덩어리가 λ˜μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
17:09
like a sphere.
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마치 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ ꡬ체와 같이 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:11
But again, you can see this, kind of,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ‹€μ‹œ, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ μΌμ’…μ˜
17:13
organic fusion
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λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ 건물 μš”μ†Œλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λœ
17:15
of multiple building elements
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유기적 결합을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:17
to make a thing which is whole, but breaks down into smaller parts,
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μ΄λŠ” μ „μ²΄μ΄μ§€λ§Œ, 믿을 수 없이 유기적인 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ, 더 μž‘μ€ λΆ€λΆ„μœΌλ‘œ
17:21
but in an incredibly organic way.
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λΆ„λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 물체λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:24
Finally, I'd like to just show you
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ 디지털 μ œμž‘μ˜ νš¨κ³Όμ€‘
17:26
some of the effects of using digital fabrication.
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일뢀λ₯Ό μ•½κ°„ μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:30
About six years ago, I bought one of these CNC mills,
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μ €λŠ” μ•½ 6년전에, 이 CNC 쑰각기 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:33
to just replace, kind of,
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단지 μ Šμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 건물 λͺ¨ν˜•μ„ λ§Œλ“€λ•Œ
17:35
young people cutting their fingers off all the time building models.
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손가락이 μ ˆλ‹¨λ˜λŠ” λ”°μœ„μ˜ 일을 μ œκ±°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:39
And I also bought a laser cutter
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그리고 μ €λŠ” λ˜ν•œ λ ˆμ΄μ € 컀터λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ™”κ³ ,
17:41
and started to fabricate within my own shop,
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κ·Έλ•ŒλΆ€ν„° 제 μ†Œμœ μ˜ μž‘μ—…μ‹€μ—μ„œ 큰 μŠ€μΌ€μΌμ˜
17:44
kind of, large-scale building elements and models,
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건물 λΆ€μž¬λ“€κ³Ό λͺ¨ν˜•λ“€μ„ λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:47
where we could go directly to the tooling.
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제 μž‘μ—…μ‹€μ€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έ μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ³³μ΄κ΅¬μš”.
17:50
What I found out is that the tooling,
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μ œκ°€ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 것은 μž₯λΉ„μ˜ 세곡이
17:53
if you intervened in the software,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄μ μœΌλ‘œ κ°œμž…ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
17:55
actually produced decorative effects.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μž₯식적인 효과λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:57
So, for these interiors, like this shop in Stockholm, Sweden,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, μŠ€ν†‘ν™€λ‘¬μ— μžˆλŠ” 이 μƒμ μ΄λ‚˜,
18:01
or this installation wall in the Netherlands
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λ„€λœλž€λ“œ κ±΄μΆ•ν˜‘νšŒμ— μžˆλŠ” 이 μ„€μΉ˜λ²½κ³Ό 같이
18:04
at the Netherlands Architecture Institute,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μΈν…Œλ¦¬μ–΄λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ,
18:07
we could use the texture that the tool would leave
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μž₯비듀이 λ§Žμ€ 곡간적 효과λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
18:10
to produce a lot of the spatial effects,
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남겨둔 문양을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:13
and we could integrate the texture of the wall
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ 벽의 λ¬Έμ–‘κ³Ό μž¬μ§ˆμ„ μ§€λ‹Œ 벽의
18:15
with the form of the wall with the material.
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ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό 톡합할 수 μžˆμ—ˆκ΅¬μš”.
18:18
So, in vacuum-formed plastic, in fiberglass,
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μ•„, λ˜ν•œ 그것은 μ§„κ³΅ν˜•μ„± ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±, ν™”μ΄λ²„κΈ€λž˜μŠ€,
18:22
and then even at the level of structural steel,
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그리고 심지어 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ„ ν˜•μ΄λ‚˜ λͺ¨λ“ˆλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”
18:24
which you think of as being linear and modular.
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ꡬ쑰 철골의 μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ 이루어 μ‘Œκ΅¬μš”.
18:26
The steel industry is so far
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철강산업은 κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄
18:28
ahead of the design industry
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μš°μœ„λ₯Ό μ ν•˜λŠ” λ””μžμΈ 산업보닀
18:30
that if you take advantage of it
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더 많이 μ§„μ²™λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:32
you can even start to think of beams and columns
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ 속에 λͺ¨λ‘ ν†΅ν•©λ˜μ–΄μžˆλŠ”
18:35
all rolled together into a single system
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보와 κΈ°λ‘₯을 μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:38
which is highly efficient,
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그것은 ꡉμž₯히 νš¨μœ¨μ μ΄μ§€λ§Œ,
18:40
but also produces decorative effects
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λ˜ν•œ μž₯식적이고 ν˜•νƒœμ  효과λ₯Ό
18:42
and formal effects
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λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:44
that are very beautiful and organic.
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ꡉμž₯히 아름닡고 μœ κΈ°μ μ΄μ§€μš”.
18:46
Thanks very much.
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λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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