The global learning crisis -- and what to do about it | Amel Karboul

97,020 views ใƒป 2017-11-27

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Boram Cho ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
I'm the product of a bold leadership decision.
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์ €๋Š” ํ•œ ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ด๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
After 1956, when Tunisia became independent,
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1956๋…„ ํŠ€๋‹ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋…๋ฆฝํ•œ ์ดํ›„
00:20
our first president, Habib Bourguiba,
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์ดˆ๋Œ€ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ํ•˜๋น„๋ธŒ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋ฐ”๋Š”
00:23
decided to invest 20 percent of the country's national budget
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ 20%๋ฅผ ๊ต์œก์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
in education.
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00:29
Yes, 20 percent,
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๋„ค, 20%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
on the high end of the spectrum even by today's standards.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ธฐ์ค€์—๋„ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
Some people protested.
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ํ•ญ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
What about infrastructure?
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์ธํ”„๋ผ๋Š” ์–ด๋–กํ•˜๋‚˜?
00:38
What about electricity, roads and running water?
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์ „๊ธฐ๋Š”? ๋„๋กœ๋Š”? ์ˆ˜๋„๋Š”?
00:41
Are these not important?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹จ ๋ง์ธ๊ฐ€?
00:44
I would argue
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋Š” ์˜์‹ ์žˆ๋Š”์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
00:45
that the most important infrastructure we have are minds,
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00:50
educated minds.
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๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ธ์žฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
President Bourguiba helped establish free, high-quality education
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๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋ฐ” ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚จ๋…€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ฌด์ƒ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
for every boy and every girl.
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01:03
And together with millions of other Tunisians,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ํŠ€๋‹ˆ์ง€์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด
01:06
I'm deeply indebted to that historic decision.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๊นŠ์ด ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
And that's what brought me here today,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
because today, we are facing a global learning crisis.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํ•™์Šต ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
I call it learning crisis and not education crisis,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ต์œก ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ, ํ•™์Šต ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
because on top of the quarter of a billion children
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  2์–ต 5์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด
01:24
who are out of school today,
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ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:26
even more, 330 million children,
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์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ 3์–ต 3์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด
01:30
are in school but failing to learn.
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ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
And if we do nothing,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
01:37
if nothing changes,
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์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
01:39
by 2030, just 13 years from now,
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๋ถˆ๊ณผ 13๋…„ ๋’ค์ธ 2030๋…„์—๋Š”
01:43
half of the world's children and youth,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ 16์–ต ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์™€ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ธ 8์–ต ๋ช…์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์™€ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์ด
01:46
half of 1.6 billion children and youth,
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01:50
will be either out of school or failing to learn.
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ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
So two years ago, I joined the Education Commission.
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2๋…„ ์ „, ์ €๋Š” ๊ต์œก์œ„์›ํšŒ์— ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
It's a commission brought together by former UK Prime Minister
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์˜๊ตญ ์ „ ์ด๋ฆฌ์ด์ž
02:05
and UN Special Envoy for Global Education Gordon Brown.
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์œ ์—” ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ต์œก ํŠน์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ณ ๋“  ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šด์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ์œ„์›ํšŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
Our first task was to find out:
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์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š”
02:12
How big is the learning crisis?
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ํ•™์Šต ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ๊ฐ€
02:13
What's actually the scope of the problem?
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๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฐ๊ฐ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
Today we know:
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:18
half of the world's children by 2030
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2030๋…„์—๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด
02:21
will be failing to learn.
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
And that's how actually we discovered
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์œผ๋กœ
02:25
that we need to change the world's focus from schooling to learning,
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02:30
from just counting how many bodies are in classrooms
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์ด ๊ต์‹ค์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ
02:33
to actually how many are learning.
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์‹ค์ œ ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋งž์ถฐ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
And the second big task was,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ค‘๋Œ€ ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š”
02:39
can we do anything about this?
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
Can we do anything about this big, vast, silent,
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์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ์šฉํ•œ
02:45
maybe most-neglected international crisis?
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„์™ธ์‹œ๋œ ๊ตญ์ œ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ?
02:48
And what we found out is, we can.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
It's actually amazing.
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์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
We can, for the first time,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ
02:56
have every child in school and learning
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ํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋งŒ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:59
within just one generation.
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
And we don't even have to really invent the wheel to do so.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
We just need to learn from the best in class,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ณธ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
03:10
but not any best in class --
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ณธ๋ณด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:13
the best in your own class.
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๊ฐ์ž ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ณธ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
What we did is actually we looked at countries by income level:
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
low-income, mid-income, high-income.
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์ €์†Œ๋“, ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์†Œ๋“, ๊ณ ์†Œ๋“
03:22
We looked at what the 25 percent fastest improvers in education do,
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๊ต์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์œ„ 25%์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
03:27
and what we found out is
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:29
that if every country moves at the same rate as the fastest improvers
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ๋“ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€
03:34
within their own income level,
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๊ฐ™์€ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:36
then within just one generation
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๋‹จ์ง€ ํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋งŒ์—
03:39
we can have every child in school and learning.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
Let me give you an example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
Let's take Tunisia for example.
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ํŠ€๋‹ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์ฃ .
03:47
We're not telling Tunisia, "You should move as fast as Finland."
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ํŠ€๋‹ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ๋งŒํผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
No disrespect, Finland.
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ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜์˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
We're telling Tunisia,
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๋Œ€์‹  ํŠ€๋‹ˆ์ง€์— ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์„ ๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
"Look at Vietnam."
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03:56
They spend similar amounts for primary and secondary pupils
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๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์€ ์ดˆ๋“ฑ ๋ฐ ์ค‘๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์— ํŠ€๋‹ˆ์ง€์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ
04:00
as percentage of GDP per capita,
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๊ตญ๋ฏผ 1์ธ๋‹น GDP ๋Œ€๋น„ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:03
but achieves today higher results.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
Vietnam introduced a standardized assessment for literacy and numeracy,
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๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์€ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์ˆ  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ํ‘œ์ค€ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:11
teachers in Vietnam are better monitored than in other developing countries,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ๊ณ 
04:15
and students' achievements are made public.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋„๋„ ๋Œ€์ค‘์— ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
And it shows in the results.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
In the 2015 PISA --
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2015๋…„ PISA, ์ฆ‰
04:24
Program for International Student Assessment --
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๊ตญ์ œ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ
04:26
Vietnam outperformed many wealthy economies,
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๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๋“ค์„ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
including the United States.
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04:33
Now, if you're not an education expert,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ต์œก ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด
04:36
you may ask, "What's new and different?
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๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
Don't all countries track student progress and make those achievements public?"
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•ด์„œ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€?
04:44
No. The sad answer is no.
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„, ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
We are very far from it.
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ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
Only half of the developing countries
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ ์ค‘ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜๋งŒ์ด
04:51
have systematic learning assessment at primary school,
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์ดˆ๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํ•™์Šต ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:54
and even less so at lower secondary school.
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์ค‘๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋งŒ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
So if we don't know
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:02
if children are learning,
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05:04
how are teachers supposed to focus their attention on delivering results,
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ดํ•ด์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:08
and how are countries supposed to prioritize education spending
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
05:11
actually to delivering results,
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05:13
if they don't know if children are learning?
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๊ต์œก ์ง€์ถœ์— ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:16
That's why the first big transformation
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ต์œก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”
05:20
before investing
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
05:22
is to make the education system deliver results.
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ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
Because pouring more money into broken systems
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณ ์žฅ๋‚œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋“ค์ด๋ถ“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:30
may only fund more inefficiencies.
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๋”์šฑ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
And what deeply worries me --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์—ผ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:36
if children go to school and don't learn,
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:39
it devalues education,
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๊ต์œก์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€์ ˆํ•˜๋˜๊ณ 
05:41
and it devalues spending on education,
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๊ต์œก ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€์ ˆํ•˜๋˜์–ด
05:43
so that governments and political parties can say,
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์ •๋ถ€๋‚˜ ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
05:46
"Oh, we are spending so much money on education,
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ํˆฌ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„
05:48
but children are not learning.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชป ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์ง๋ฌด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”๊ตฐ.
05:49
They don't have the right skills.
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05:51
Maybe we should spend less."
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๊ต์œก ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด' ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
Now, improving current education systems to deliver results
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
05:58
is important, but won't be enough.
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ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
What about countries where we won't have enough qualified teachers?
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์ž๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:05
Take Somalia, for example.
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์†Œ๋ง๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์ฃ .
06:06
If every student in Somalia became a teacher --
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์†Œ๋ง๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„
06:09
every person who finishes tertiary education became a teacher --
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๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์„ ๋งˆ์นœ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„
06:12
we won't have enough teachers.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์†Œ๋ง๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
And what about children in refugee camps,
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ ์บ ํ”„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:19
or in very remote rural areas?
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์‹œ๊ณจ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์€์š”?
06:22
Take Filipe, for example.
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ํ•„๋ฆฌํŽ˜๋ผ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์ฃ .
06:24
Filipe lives in one of the thousands of communities
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ํ•„๋ฆฌํŽ˜๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ์กด๊ฐ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
06:27
alongside the Amazonas rivers.
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋งˆ์„ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
His village of 78 people has 20 families.
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ํ•„๋ฆฌํŽ˜์˜ ๋งˆ์„์—๋Š” 78๋ช…, ์ด 20๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
Filipe and a fellow student
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2015๋…„์—” ํ•„๋ฆฌํŽ˜์™€ ํ•„๋ฆฌํŽ˜์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ
06:36
were the only two attending grade 11 in 2015.
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์ด ๋‘˜๋งŒ์ด ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ 11ํ•™๋…„์— ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
Now, the Amazonas is a state in the northwest of Brazil.
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์ด๊ณณ ์•„๋งˆ์กฐ๋‚˜์Šค๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ๋ถ์„œ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
It's four and a half times the size of Germany,
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๋…์ผ๋ณด๋‹ค 4.5๋ฐฐ ํฌ๊ณ 
06:47
and it's fully covered in jungle and rivers.
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์ •๊ธ€๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎ์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
A decade ago, Filipe and his fellow student
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10๋…„ ์ „, ํ•„๋ฆฌํŽ˜์™€ ํ•„๋ฆฌํŽ˜์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š”
06:53
would have had just two alternatives:
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
moving to Manaus, the capital, or stopping studying altogether,
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์ฃผ๋„์ธ ๋งˆ๋‚˜์šฐ์Šค๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
which most of them did.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ํฌ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
In 2009, however, Brazil passed a new law
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 2009๋…„, ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์€ ์ƒˆ ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์ผฐ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:08
that made secondary education a guarantee for every Brazilian
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์„ ์•ฝ์†ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:12
and an obligation for every state to implement this by 2016.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ 2016๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด ๋ฒ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋„๋ก ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
But giving access to high-quality education,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์•„๋งˆ์กฐ๋‚˜์Šค์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:20
you know, in the Amazonas state, is huge and expensive.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฒ…์ฐจ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
How are you going to get, you know, math and science and history teachers
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ณจ ๋งˆ์„์„ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ํ•™, ๊ณผํ•™, ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ ๋“ฑ์„
07:27
all over those communities?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
07:28
And even if you find them,
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์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
many of them would not want to move there.
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07:33
So faced with this impossible task,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ 
07:36
civil servants and state officials
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์•„๋งˆ์กฐ๋‚˜์Šค ์ฃผ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์€
07:38
developed amazing creativity and entrepreneurship.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ •์‹ ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
They developed the media center solution.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์„ผํ„ฐ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
It works this way.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
You have specialized, trained content teachers in Manaus
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๋งˆ๋‚˜์šฐ์Šค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ ๋‹ด๋‹น ์ „๋ฌธ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
07:50
delivering classroom via livestream
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ํฉ์–ด์ง„ ๋งˆ์„์˜ ์ฒœ์—ฌ ๊ฐœ ๊ต์‹ค๋กœ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ƒ์ค‘๊ณ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
to over a thousand classrooms in those scattered communities.
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07:57
Those classrooms have five to 25 students,
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๊ฐ ๊ต์‹ค์—๋Š” 5~25๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:00
and they're supported by a more generalist tutoring teacher
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์€
08:03
for their learning and development.
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์ง€๋„ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
The 60 content teachers in Manaus
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์ฆ‰, ๋งˆ๋‚˜์šฐ์Šค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ ๊ต์‚ฌ 60๋ช…์ด
08:08
work with over 2,200 tutoring teachers in those communities
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๊ฐ ํ•™๊ต์— ์žˆ๋Š” 2,200๋ช…์˜ ์ง€๋„ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ
08:14
to customize lesson plans to the context and time.
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๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์—… ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
Now, why is this division
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ฌธ ๊ต์‚ฌ์™€ ์ง€๋„ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
08:21
between content teacher and tutoring teacher important?
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๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™œ ์ค‘์š”ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:26
First of all, as I told you, because in many countries,
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์ฒซ์งธ๋Š”, ์•ž์—์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋“ฏ์ด
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ „๋ฌธ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
we just don't have enough qualified teachers.
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08:31
But secondly also because teachers do too many things
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๋‘˜์งธ๋Š”, ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์—…๋ฌด๋‚˜
08:35
they're either not trained for or not supposed to do.
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ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋งก์•„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
Let's look at Chile, for example.
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์น ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
In Chile, for every doctor,
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์น ๋ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ ํ•œ ๋ช…๋‹น ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์› ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 4.5๋ช…์ธ๋ฐ
08:43
you have four and a half people,
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08:45
four and a half staff supporting them,
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08:48
and Chile is on the low end of the spectrum here,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆซ์ž์ด๊ณ 
08:53
because in developing countries, on average, every doctor
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์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ ํ•œ ๋ช…๋‹น ํ‰๊ท  10๋ช…์ด ๋ณด์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
has 10 people supporting them.
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08:59
A teacher in Chile, however,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์น ๋ ˆ์—์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌ 1๋ช…์„ ๋ณด์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์› ์ˆ˜๋Š”
09:01
has less than half a person,
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๋ฐ˜ ๋ช…๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ชปํ•œ 0.3๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
0.3 persons, supporting them.
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09:08
Imagine a hospital ward with 20, 40, 70 patients
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ํ™˜์ž 20๋ช…, 40๋ช…, 70๋ช…์„
09:12
and you have a doctor doing it all by themselves:
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์˜์‚ฌ ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ ๋‹ค ๋งก์•„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ‘๋™์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:15
no nurses, no medical assistants,
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๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋„, ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณด์กฐ์›๋„, ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์—†์ด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
no one else.
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09:20
You will say this is absurd and impossible,
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๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
09:22
but this is what teachers are doing all over the world every day
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์ผ
09:26
with classrooms of 20, 40, or 70 students.
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20๋ช…, 40๋ช…, 70๋ช… ๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
So this division between content and tutoring teachers is amazing
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „๋ฌธ ๊ต์‚ฌ์™€ ์ง€๋„ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ํš๊ธฐ์ ์ธ๋ฐ
09:34
because it is changing the paradigm of the teacher,
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๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”
09:37
so that each does what they can do best
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๊ต์‚ฌ ๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
09:39
and so that children are not just in school
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต์— ๋ชธ๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:41
but in school and learning.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
And some of these content teachers,
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์ „๋ฌธ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค ์ค‘์—๋Š”
09:46
they became celebrity teachers.
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์œ ๋ช… ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
You know, some of them run for office,
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ณต์ง์— ์ถœ๋งˆํ•˜์—ฌ
09:50
and they helped raise the status of the profession
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ง์—…์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ
09:53
so that more students wanted to become teachers.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
And what I love about this example
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
10:00
is beyond changing the paradigm of the teacher.
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๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์„ ๋ฐ”๊พผ ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
It teaches us how we can harness technology for learning.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•™์Šต์— ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
The live-streaming is bidirectional,
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์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ƒ์ค‘๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
10:09
so students like Filipe and others can present information back.
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ํ•„๋ฆฌํŽ˜๊ฐ™์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
And we know technology is not always perfect.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
You know, state officials expect
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์•„๋งˆ์กฐ๋‚˜์Šค ์ฃผ์ •๋ถ€๋Š”
10:18
between five to 15 percent of the classrooms
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๋งค์ผ 5~15%์˜ ๊ต์‹ค๋“ค์ด
10:20
every day to be off live-stream
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ํ™์ˆ˜, ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ
10:23
because of flood, broken antennas or internet not working.
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์ƒ์ค‘๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
And yet, Filipe is one of over 300,000 students
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•„๋ฆฌํŽ˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ 30๋งŒ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด
10:31
that benefited from the media center solution
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์„ผํ„ฐ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์œผ๋กœ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
10:34
and got access to postprimary education.
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์ดˆ๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
This is a living example
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์ด ์ƒ์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š”
10:40
how technology is not just an add-on
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
10:42
but can be central to learning and can help us bring school to children
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ํ•™์Šต์˜ ์ฃผ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด, ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ
10:47
if we cannot bring children to school.
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ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
Now, I hear you.
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๋„ค, ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง ํ•˜์‹ค ์ง€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
You're going to say,
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10:56
"How are we going to implement this all over the world?"
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์ด๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์ ์šฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
10:59
I've been in government myself
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์ €๋„ ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:01
and have seen how difficult it is even to implement the best ideas.
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์ข‹์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฒœ์— ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํž˜๋“ ์ง€ ์ž˜ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
So as a commission, we started two initiatives
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ต์œก์œ„์›ํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ
11:09
to make the "Learning Generation" a reality.
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ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
The first one is called the Pioneer Country Initiative.
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์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
Over 20 countries from Africa and Asia
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ 20๊ฐœ๊ตญ ์ด์ƒ์ด
11:18
have committed to make education their priority
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๊ต์œก์„ ์šฐ์„ ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ณ 
11:21
and to transform their education systems to deliver results.
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ํ•™์—… ์„ฑ์ทจ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ต์œก ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์„ ์–ธํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
We've trained country leaders
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์œ„์›ํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
11:26
in a methodology called the delivery approach.
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์ „๋‹ฌ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
What this does is basically two things.
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
In the planning phase, we take everyone into a room --
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๋จผ์ € ๊ณ„ํš ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ
11:34
teachers, teacher unions, parent associations,
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๊ต์‚ฌ, ๊ต์› ๋…ธ์กฐ, ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›, ๋น„์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋‹ค ๋ชจ์—ฌ
11:36
government officials, NGOs, everyone --
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11:39
so that the reform and the solution we come up with
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœํ˜๊ณผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„
11:41
are shared by everyone and supported by everyone.
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๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
And in the second phase,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š”
11:47
it does something special.
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์•„์ฃผ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ๋ฐ
11:49
It's kind of a ruthless focus on follow-up.
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๋ฌด์ž๋น„ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ํ›„์† ์กฐ์น˜์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
So week by week you check,
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์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ๋งˆ๋‹ค
11:57
has that been done, what was supposed to be done,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ 
12:00
and even sometimes sending a person physically to the district or school
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์–ด๋–ค ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ต์œก๊ตฌ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์— ์ง์ ‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์–ด
12:04
to check that versus just hoping that it happened.
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๊ทธ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
It may sound for many common sense,
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๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ์ผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
12:12
but it's not common practice,
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ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ๋“œ๋ญ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
and that's why actually many reforms fail.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐœํ˜์ด ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
It has been piloted in Tanzania,
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
12:20
and there the pass rate for students in secondary education
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ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ค‘๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๊ธ‰๋ฅ ์ด
12:26
was increased by 50 percent in just over two years.
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๋ถˆ๊ณผ 2๋…„ ๋งŒ์— 50%๋‚˜ ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
Now, the next initiative to make the Learning Generation a reality
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๋‹ค์Œ, ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š”
12:36
is financing. Who's going to pay for this?
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์ž๊ธˆ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
12:40
So we believe and argue
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๊ตญ ๋‚ด์˜ ์žฌ์ •์ด ๊ต์œก ํˆฌ์ž์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
that domestic financing has to be the backbone of education investment.
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12:45
Do you remember when I told you about Vietnam earlier
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ „ ์ œ๊ฐ€
๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์ด PISA์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
12:48
outperforming the United States in PISA?
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12:51
That's due to a better education system,
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๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์˜ ๊ต์œก ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ข‹์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
12:53
but also to Vietnam increasing their investment
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์ด ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ
12:56
from seven to 20 percent of their national budget in two decades.
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20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ 7%์—์„œ 20%๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
But what happens if countries want to borrow money for education?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ต์œก ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
13:04
If you wanted to borrow money to build a bridge or a road,
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:08
it's quite easy and straightforward,
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์ง์„ค์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ง€๋งŒ
13:10
but not for education.
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๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
It's easier to make a shiny picture of a bridge and show it to everyone
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๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
13:16
than one of an educated mind.
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๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
13:19
That's kind of a longer term commitment.
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๊ต์œก์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ํˆฌ์ž์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
So we came up with a solution
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
13:23
to help countries escape the middle income trap,
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์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์†Œ๋“์˜ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์—์„œ ๋น ์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
countries that are not poor enough or not poor, thankfully, anymore,
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๊ทน๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š”
13:31
that cannot profit from grants or interest-free loans,
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๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์ด์ž ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด
13:34
and they're not rich enough
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์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
13:36
to be able to have attractive interests on their loans.
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๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ด์ž์œจ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋„ ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
So we're pooling donor money in a finance facility for education,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์— ๊ธฐ๋ถ€๊ธˆ์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
13:43
which will provide more finance for education.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ต์œก์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์žฌ์ •์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
We will subsidize, or even eliminate completely,
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๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ด์ž๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—†์• ์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ
13:49
interest payments on the loans
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13:51
so that countries that commit to reforms
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๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์ด๋ค„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
13:53
can borrow money,
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์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ 
13:55
reform their education system, and pay this money over time
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๊ต์œก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ๊ฐš๊ณ 
13:59
while benefiting from a better-educated population.
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๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
This solution has been recognized in the last G20 meeting in Germany,
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์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ๋…์ผ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์ง€๋‚œ G20 ์ •์ƒํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์–ด
14:07
and so finally today education is on the international agenda.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๊ต์œก์ด ๊ตญ์ œ์•ˆ๊ฑด์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
But let me bring this back to the personal level,
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์ด์ œ ์ œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
because this is where the impact lands.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ต์œก์€ ์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์ณค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
Without that decision to invest a young country's budget,
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๋ง‰ ๋…๋ฆฝํ•œ ํŠ€๋‹ˆ์ง€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜
14:25
20 percent of a young country's budget in education,
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์ž๊ทธ๋งˆ์น˜ 20%๋ฅผ ๊ต์œก์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:28
I would have never been able to go to school,
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์ €๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
14:32
let alone in 2014
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2014๋…„์— ์žฅ๊ด€์ด ๋˜์–ด
14:34
becoming a minister in the government
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์ •๋ถ€ ์ „ํ™˜์˜ ๊ณผ๋„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
14:36
that successfully ended the transition phase.
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์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
Tunisia's Nobel Peace Prize in 2015
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ํŠ€๋‹ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ž์˜ ๋ด„ ์ดํ›„ ํƒ„์ƒํ•œ
14:42
as the only democracy that emerged from the Arab Spring
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๋ฐ›์€ 2015๋…„ ๋…ธ๋ฒจ ํ‰ํ™”์ƒ์€
14:45
is a legacy to that bold leadership decision.
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์ด ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ์‚ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
Education is the civil rights struggle,
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๊ต์œก์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํˆฌ์Ÿ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:53
it's the human rights struggle of our generation.
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๊ต์œก์€ ์ด ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ ํˆฌ์Ÿ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
Quality education for all:
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๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ๊ต์œก.
14:58
that's the freedom fight that we've got to win.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ด๊ฒจ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํˆฌ์Ÿ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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