What it takes to crush a pandemic | Johanna Benesty

49,579 views ・ 2020-12-08

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Seohee Kim κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
제 아듀은 2020λ…„ 1월에 νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
νŒŒλ¦¬κ°€ λ΄‰μ‡„λ˜κΈ° μ§μ „μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
μ•„μ΄λŠ” 마슀크λ₯Ό μ“΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ 겁내지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그런 λͺ¨μŠ΅λ“€λ§Œ λ΄€μœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
00:13
My son was born in January 2020,
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제 3μ‚΄λ°°κΈ° 딸은 β€˜gel hydro-alcoolique’λ₯Ό μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
shortly before the lockdown in Paris.
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ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ–΄λ‘œ β€˜μ € νƒ€μž… μ•Œμ½”μ˜¬ μ„Έμ •μ œβ€™λ₯Ό λœ»ν•˜μ£ .
00:18
He was never scared of people wearing masks,
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00:20
because that's all he knows.
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심지어 저보닀도 λ°œμŒμ„ μž˜ν•΄μš”.
00:22
My three-year-old daughter knows how to say "gel hydro-alcoolique."
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ λˆ„κ΅¬λ„ 항상 마슀크λ₯Ό μ“°κ³ 
00:26
That's the French word for hydroalcoholic gel.
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20μ΄ˆλ§ˆλ‹€ 손 μ†Œλ…μ œλ₯Ό λ°”λ₯΄λ©° μ‚΄κ³  싢진 μ•Šμ„ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
00:29
She actually pronounces it better than I do.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘ κ°„μ ˆν•˜κ²Œ R&Dμ—μ„œ 해결책이 λ‚˜μ˜€κΈΈ 바라고 있죠.
00:32
But no one wants to be wearing a mask
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λ°±μ‹  λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
or wash their hands with hand sanitizer every 20 seconds.
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ν₯미둜운 사싀은
μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ°±μ‹  κ°œλ°œμ„ 무슨 μ„±λ°°μ²˜λŸΌ λ§Ήμ‹ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μΈλ°μš”.
00:38
We're all desperately looking at R and D to find us a solution: a vaccine.
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그런데 νŒ¬λ°λ―Ήμ„ λλ‚΄λŠ” λ°©λ²•μ—λŠ” λͺ‡ 가지가 더 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
It's interesting that in our minds,
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참고둜 μ €λŠ” μ˜μ‚¬λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆκ³  μ»¨μ„€νŒ… 일을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
we keep thinking of the vaccine discovery like it's the Holy Grail.
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보건 뢄야에 μ’…μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” λΆ„λ“€κ³Όμš”.
00:50
But there are a couple of shortcuts here that I'd like to unpack.
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μƒλ¬Όμ•½μ œν•™ νšŒμ‚¬, 의료인, κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ 보건 기ꡬ가 제 고객듀이죠.
00:54
I'm not a doctor, I'm just a consultant.
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그뢄듀이 제게 μ•Œλ €μ£Όμ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
My clients focus on health care --
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μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜μ— λ§žμ„œ μ‹Έμš°κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 도ꡬ가 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³ μš”.
00:58
biopharma companies, providers, global health institutions --
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λ˜ν•œ, λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 이 도ꡬ에 μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
and they've educated me.
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첫째, λ°±μ‹  ν•˜λ‚˜λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ νŽœλ°λ―Ήμ„ 끝낼 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
We need to find the tools to fight COVID,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 도ꡬ λͺ¨μŒμ΄ ν†΅μ§Έλ‘œ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
and we need to make them accessible to all.
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λ°±μ‹ , μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•, 진단법 λͺ¨λ‘ λ‹€μš”.
01:11
First, one single vaccine will not get us out of this.
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μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜λ₯Ό μ˜ˆλ°©ν•˜κ³ , λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ³ , μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μΉ˜λ£Œν•  수 μžˆκ²Œμš”.
01:15
What we need is an arsenal of tools.
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01:18
We need vaccines, we need therapeutics, we need diagnostics
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μ „ 인λ₯˜λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ‘˜μ§Έ, μ•žμ„œ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•œ 도ꡬλ₯Ό μ°ΎλŠ” κ²ƒλ§Œμ΄ λ‹€κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
to make sure that we can prevent, identify and treat COVID cases
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μ•½μ˜ μž„μƒ μ‹œν—˜ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ 효과적이라고 λ‚˜μ™”λ‹€ ν•œλ“€ 이게 λμΌκΉŒμš”?
01:26
in a variety of populations.
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01:28
Second, it's not just about finding a tool.
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그러면 집 μ•žμ˜ 약ꡭ에 κ°€μ„œ λ°”λ‘œ 약을 νƒ€μ˜¬ 수 있게 되고
01:33
What do you think will happen when one of those clinical trials
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λ§ˆμŠ€ν¬λ„ 벗을 수 있게 되고
λ‹€μ‹œ ν”„λ ŒμΉ˜ ν‚€μŠ€λ„ ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:36
demonstrates that the tool is effective?
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μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
Do you think we can all run to the pharmacy next door,
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이 μ‹Έμ›€μ—μ„œ 효과적인 무기λ₯Ό μ°ΎλŠ” 건 κ·Έμ € μ²«κ±ΈμŒλ§ˆμ— λΆˆκ³Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
we get the product, we take off our masks
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01:43
and we go back to French kissing?
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ•½ν’ˆμ΄ μƒμ‚°λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€ ν•œλ“€
01:46
No.
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μ ‘κ·Ό κ°€λŠ₯성은 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ¬Έμ œλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
01:48
Finding an effective tool is just one step in this big fight,
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ν˜Ήμ‹œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜μ„Έμš”?
β€œμ•„, 그러면 μ•½ν’ˆ 비생산 κ΅­κ°€λŠ” κΈ°λ‹€λ €μ•Όκ² λ„€.”
01:52
because there is a difference between the existence of a product
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μ•„λ‹ˆμš”. 그렇지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
and access to that product.
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μ•½ν’ˆ 비생산 κ΅­κ°€λ“€λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
01:58
And now you're thinking,
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μ˜ν•™ 선진ꡭ듀도 κΈ°λ‹€λ €μ•Ό 할지 λͺ°λΌμš”.
01:59
"Oh -- she means other countries will have to wait."
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μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜λŠ” 선진ꡭ도 κ²Έμ†ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
Well, no, that's not my point.
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μ΄κ²ƒμ˜ μ „νŒŒ 속도와 규λͺ¨ λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:04
Not only others may have to wait,
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μ „ 인λ₯˜κ°€ 같은 μ‹œλ ¨μ„ κ²ͺ게 λ˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
02:06
but any of us may have to.
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선진ꡭ ꡭ민듀은 κ²ͺ어보지 λͺ»ν–ˆλ˜ 그런 μ‹œλ ¨μ„μš”.
02:09
The humbling thing about COVID
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02:10
is that because of its speed and magnitude,
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쀑ꡭ이 봉쇄됐을 λ•Œ κΈ°μ–΅λ‚˜μ„Έμš”?
02:13
it's exposing all of us to the same challenges
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μƒμƒμ΄λ‚˜ ν•΄λ³΄μ…¨μ–΄μš”? 선진ꡭ듀도 λ˜‘κ°™μ•„μ§ˆ 거라고.
02:16
and giving us a flavor of challenges we're not used to.
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κ³ μž‘ λͺ‡ μ£Ό 후에 말이죠.
μ €λŠ” μƒμƒν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
Remember when China got into lockdown?
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일단, λ°±μ‹  개발 ν›„μ˜ κΈ°λŒ“κ°’μ„ ν†΅κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³ΌκΉŒμš”.
02:22
Did you imagine that you would be in the same situation
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λ°±μ‹  κ°œλ°œμ— μ„±κ³΅ν•˜λ©΄ λ‹€μŒ μˆ™μ œλŠ”
02:25
a few weeks after?
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λ°±μ‹  곡급이겠죠.
02:27
I certainly didn't.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ „ 세계 μ „λ¬Έκ°€λ“€μ˜ μΆ”μ‚°μœΌλ‘œλŠ”
02:29
Let's go to the theoretical moment when we have a vaccine.
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2021λ…„ 말이 되면
02:33
In this case, the next access challenge
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즉, λ°±μ‹  개발 ν›„ μ •ν™•νžˆ 1년이 μ§€λ‚œ μ‹œμ μ΄ 되면
02:35
will be supply.
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10μ–΅μ—μ„œ 20μ–΅ λͺ…λΆ„μ˜ 백신이 확보될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
The current estimate of the global community
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02:39
is that by the end of 2021 --
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μ „ 세계 80μ–΅ λͺ…μ˜ 인ꡬ κ°€μš΄λ°μš”.
02:41
so that's over a year after the discovery of the vaccine --
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그러면 λˆ„κ°€ κΈ°λ‹€λ¦¬κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
02:44
we would have enough doses to cover one to two billion
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곡급이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•  λ•Œ, λ°±μ‹  접근성은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
02:47
of the eight billion of us on the planet.
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첫 번째 μ‹œλ‚˜λ¦¬μ˜€λŠ”
μ‹œμž₯의 μ„­λ¦¬λŒ€λ‘œ ν˜λŸ¬κ°€κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
So who will have to wait?
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높은 가격을 μ§€λΆˆν•  수 μžˆκ±°λ‚˜, κ°€μž₯ 빨리 거래λ₯Ό μ„±μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄
02:53
How do you think about access when supply is short?
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λ¨Όμ € 백신을 μ„ μ ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜κ² μ§€μš”.
02:56
Scenario number one:
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λΆˆκ³΅ν‰ν•œ 곡급 λ°©μ‹μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
02:58
we let the market forces play,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 될 ν™•λ₯ μ΄ λ†’μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
and those who can pay the highest price or be the fastest to negotiate deals
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두 번째 μ‹œλ‚˜λ¦¬μ˜€λŠ”
03:03
will get access to the product first.
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이미 λ‹€ μ•„μ‹€ 텐데 ν˜„ 곡쀑 보건 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— λΉ„μΆ°
λˆ„κ°€ λ¨Όμ € 백신을 λ§žλŠ”μ§€μš”.
03:06
It's not equitable at all,
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03:07
but it's a very likely scenario.
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일단 μ˜λ£Œκ³„ μ’…μ‚¬μžλ“€μ΄ λ¨Όμ € λ§žλŠ”λ‹€κ³  μΉ©μ‹œλ‹€.
03:10
Scenario number two:
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κ·Έλ‹€μŒμ— λ…Έμ•½μžλ“€μ΄ 맞고
03:11
we could all agree, based on public health rationale,
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ μΌλ°˜μΈλ“€μ΄ λ§žλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
03:14
who gets the product first.
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이제 쑰금 더 자극적으둜 κ°€λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
Let's say we agree that health care workers would get it first,
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μ„Έ 번째 μ‹œλ‚˜λ¦¬μ˜€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
and then the elderly
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νŒ¬λ°λ―Ήμ„ 이겨낼 λŠ₯λ ₯이 μžˆλŠ” κ΅­κ°€κ°€
03:20
and then the general population.
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03:22
Now let me be a bit more provocative.
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λ¨Όμ € 백신을 μ„ μ ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
03:24
Scenario number three:
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λ¬Όλ‘  μ•„μ§κΉŒμ§„ 좔상 λ‹¨κ³„μ§€λ§Œ
03:27
countries who have demonstrated that they can manage the pandemic well
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€κ³  μ†Œμ„€ 같은 μ‹œλ‚˜λ¦¬μ˜€λ„ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μˆ˜λ…„ μ „, 효λŠ₯ 쒋은 2μ°¨ 방편 κ²°ν•΅μ•½μ˜ 곡급이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•΄μ‘Œμ„ λ•Œ
03:31
would get access to the product first.
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03:34
It's a little bit extrapolated,
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νŠΉλ³„ μœ„μ›νšŒκ°€ μ„€λ¦½λ˜μ–΄
03:35
but it's not complete science fiction.
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ λ‚˜λΌλ₯Ό μ„ μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 보건 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ 잘 κ°–μΆ°μ Έ
03:38
Years ago, when the supply of high-quality second-line tuberculosis drug was scarce,
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약을 μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μœ ν†΅ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ‚˜λΌ,
03:42
a special committee was established
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또 ν™˜μžλ“€μ΄ μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ„ 잘 λ”°λΌμ˜¬ 수 μžˆλŠ” 그런 λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ„μš”.
03:44
to determine which countries had health systems that were strong enough
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즉, 선택받은 λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ΄ 백신을 μ„ μ ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
03:48
to ensure that the products would be distributed properly
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λ„€ 번째 μ‹œλ‚˜λ¦¬μ˜€λŠ”
03:51
and that patients would follow their treatment plans properly.
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μ–΄λ–€ κ·œμΉ™μ„ μ •ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μƒμΌμ—λ§Œ 백신을 λ§žμ„ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘μš”.
03:54
Those select countries got access first.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
Or, scenario number four:
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이런 λ―Έλž˜λŠ” μ–΄λ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? 백신은 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
04:00
we could decide on a random rule,
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04:02
for instance, that people get to be vaccinated on their birthday.
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μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ 마슀크λ₯Ό μ“°κ³ , 아이λ₯Ό 학ꡐ에 보내지 λͺ»ν•˜κ³ ,
04:06
Now let me ask you this:
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04:08
How does it feel to think of a future where the vaccine exists,
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λ‚΄κ°€ μ›ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ‹μ˜ 근무λ₯Ό μ„ νƒν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” λ―Έλž˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
백신에 μ ‘κ·Όν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•΄ 이런 λ―Έλž˜κ°€ νŽΌμ³μ§„λ‹€λ©΄μš”?
04:12
but you would still have to wear a mask and keep your kids home from school,
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ν•˜λ£¨ν•˜λ£¨ κ²¬λ””λŠ” 게 고톡이겠죠?
04:17
and you would not be able to go to work the way you want
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그런데, κ·Έκ±° μ•„μ„Έμš”?
04:19
because you wouldn't have access to that product?
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μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•λ„ 있고, μ™„μΉ˜λ„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ§ˆλ³‘κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•΄
04:23
Every day that passed would feel unacceptable, right?
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맀년 κ°μ—Όμžμ™€ μ‚¬λ§μžκ°€ λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
But guess what?
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04:29
There are many diseases for which we have treatments and even cures,
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결핡을 예둜 λ“€μ–΄λ³ΌκΉŒμš”.
맀년 1,000만 λͺ…이 κ°μ—Όλ˜μ–΄
04:33
and yet people keep being infected and die every year.
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그쀑 150만 λͺ…이 μ‚¬λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μˆ˜λ…„ 전에 μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ΄ κ°œλ°œλμŒμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ μš”.
04:38
Let's take tuberculosis:
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아직도 ν•΄κ²°ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ ν•œ 문제 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
10 million people infected every year,
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04:42
1.5 million people dying,
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치료의 κ³΅ν‰ν•œ μ ‘κ·Όμ„±μ΄μš”.
04:45
although we've had a cure for years.
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κ³΅ν‰ν•œ 접근성이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°€μ•Ό ν•  κΈΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:48
And that's just because we haven't completely figured out
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λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ μΈλ„μ£Όμ˜μ  차원을 λ„˜μ–΄μ„œμ„œ μ΄κ²ƒμ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
some of the key access issues.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘ μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜λ₯Ό κ²ͺμ–΄λ΄€μœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
04:54
Equitable access is the right thing to do,
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κ³΅ν‰ν•œ 접근성은 보건과 κ²½μ œμ— λ°€μ ‘ν•œ 관련이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
but beyond this humanitarian argument
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05:00
that I hope we are more sensitive to
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일단 보건적인 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€κ°€ 계속 ν™œλ™ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
05:02
now that we've experienced it in our flesh,
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05:04
there is a health and an economic argument
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘ μž¬κ°μ—Όμ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ— λ…ΈμΆœλ˜κ² μ£ .
05:06
to equitable access.
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경제적인 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œλŠ”, 각ꡭ 경제의 μƒν˜Έμ˜μ‘΄μ„±μœΌλ‘œ 인해
05:09
The health argument is that as long as the virus is active somewhere,
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05:12
we're all at risk of reimported cases.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌ κ²½κΈ°κ°€ λ‚˜μ•„μ§€μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 이상 μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌλ§Œ 살아남을 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:15
The economic argument is that because of the interdependencies
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κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ μœ λ™μ„±μ— λ―Όκ°ν•œ 뢀문듀을 μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
05:19
in our economies,
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05:20
no domestic economy can fully restart if others are not picking up as well.
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ν•­κ³΅μš°μ£Όμ—…, μ—¬ν–‰, κ΄€κ΄‘μ—… 등이 있죠.
지ꡬ 전체λ₯Ό κ°μ‹ΈλŠ” 곡급망은 또 μ–΄λ–»κ³ μš”.
05:26
Think of the sectors that rely on global mobility,
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μ„¬μœ , μžλ™μ°¨ κ³΅κΈ‰λ§μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ λ“±μž₯ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œμž₯이 κ°€μ Έμ˜€λŠ” 경제적 μ„±μž₯도 큰 λͺ«μ„ μ°¨μ§€ν•˜μ£ .
05:29
like aerospace or travel and tourism.
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05:32
Think of the supply chains that cut across the globe,
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ν˜„μ‹€μ μœΌλ‘œ, νŒ¬λ°λ―Ήμ„ ν•œ λ²ˆμ— 끝내렀면 λͺ¨λ“  κ΅­κ°€κ°€ 총동원돼야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:34
like textiles or automotive.
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05:36
Think of the share of the economic growth that is coming from emerging markets.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ κ³΅ν‰ν•œ 접근성은 μ˜³μ€ 길일 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
05:40
The reality is that we need all countries to be able to crush the pandemic in sync.
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λ™μ‹œμ— κ°€μž₯ ν˜„λͺ…ν•œ μ„ νƒμ΄μ—μš”.
그런데 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‹€ν˜„ν• κΉŒμš”?
05:47
So not only is equitable access the right thing to do,
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일단 β€˜μ ‘κ·Όμ„±β€™μ˜ μ •μ˜μ™€ κ΄€λ ¨ν•΄μ„œ 생각이 μΌμΉ˜ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ ν™•μΈν•˜μ£ .
05:50
it is also the smart thing to do.
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ν˜„μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” ν•œ μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ΄
05:53
But how do we do that?
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ν™˜μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ 있으며
05:56
Let's make sure we're on the same page in terms of what "access" means.
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지역 λ‹Ήκ΅­μ—μ„œ μŠΉμΈλ°›μ•˜κ³ 
가격이 합리적이며
05:59
It would actually mean that the product exists;
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이λ₯Ό ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μΈκ΅¬μ—κ²Œ μ œκ³΅ν•˜μ—¬ 효과λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 있고
06:01
that it's working sufficiently well;
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06:04
that it's been approved by the local authorities;
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참고둜 이 μΈκ΅¬μ—λŠ” μž„μ‚°λΆ€λ‚˜ λ©΄μ—­μ €ν•˜μž, 아이듀이 ν¬ν•¨λ˜λ©°
06:07
that it is affordable;
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06:09
but also that there is evidence that it works in all the populations
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν™˜κ²½ 여건, 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄
06:12
that need it,
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λ³‘μ›μ˜ μœ„μΉ˜, 크기, λ˜λŠ” κΈ°ν›„ 여건과 상관없이
06:13
and that can include pregnant women or immunodepressed people, or children;
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μ μ ˆν•œ 규λͺ¨μ˜ 곡급이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄ 접근성이 쒋은 κ±°μ£ .
06:18
that it can be distributed in a variety of settings,
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06:20
like hospitals or rural clinics, or hot climate or cold climate;
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μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€, 체크할 사항이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많죠.
λ³„λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†λŠ” 상황에선
이 λͺ¨λ“  사항을 λ‹€ ν•˜λ‚˜ν•˜λ‚˜μ”© 순차적으둜 체크할 수 있겠죠.
06:26
and that we can produce it at the right scale.
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06:29
It's a very long checklist, I know,
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ κ±Έλ¦¬λ”λΌλ„μš”.
06:31
and in a non-crisis situation,
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그러면 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν• κΉŒμš”?
06:33
we would likely address these issues one after the other in a sequential way,
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접근성은 μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ λŒ€λ‘λœ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜19κ°€ λ‹₯치자
06:37
which takes a lot of time.
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λŒ€λ‹¨μœ„μ˜ ν˜‘λ ₯이 이뀄지고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
06:40
So what do we do?
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ꡭ제기ꡬ, μ‹œλ―Όμ‚¬νšŒλ‹¨μ²΄, 각쒅 산업계 λ“± λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ νž˜μ„ 합쳐
06:42
Access is far from being a new challenge,
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06:45
and in the case of COVID,
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접근성을 높이렀고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:46
I have to say, we're seeing extraordinary collaboration
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λ”°λ‘œ, 또 같이 μΌν•˜λ©°
법적 절차λ₯Ό 빨리 ν•˜κ³ ,
06:50
of international organizations, civil society, industry and others
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곡급 λ©”μ»€λ‹ˆμ¦˜μ„ 손보고
쑰달을 ν™•λ³΄ν•˜κ³ , 각쒅 μž¬μ›μ„ λ™μ›ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 말이죠.
06:53
to accelerate access:
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06:55
working things in parallel,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ”λΌλ„ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ°œμƒν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:57
speeding up regulatory processes,
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06:59
engineering supply mechanisms,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ λ°±μ‹ μ˜ 보관 적정 μ˜¨λ„κ°€
07:01
securing procurement, mobilizing resources, etc.
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μ˜ν•˜ 80도라든가 μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄
07:04
Yet we are likely to face a situation where, for instance,
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치료λ₯Ό ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 데에 μžˆμ–΄
μ•„μ£Ό μˆ™λ ¨λœ 의료인이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€λ“ κ°€ λ˜λŠ”
07:09
the vaccine would need to be constantly stored at, let's say,
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진단 뢄석을 μ•„μ£Ό μˆ˜μ€€ 높은 μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œλ§Œμ΄ 진행할 수 μžˆλ‹€λ“ κ°€μš”.
07:12
minus 80 Celsius degrees;
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07:14
or where the treatment would need to be administered
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄, 무엇을 ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
07:16
by a highly specialized health care worker;
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ꡭ제 보건 μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ μˆ˜λ…„κ°„ μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆλ˜ λ°”μ—μ„œ
07:19
or where the diagnostic would need to be analyzed
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07:21
by a sophisticated lab.
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쑰금 더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ 생각해보면,
07:23
So what more can we do?
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문제 λ°œμƒ μ‹œμ—λ„ 접근성을 높일 ν•œ 가지 λ°©μ•ˆμ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:27
Pushing further the logic that the global health community
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κ²½μ œν•™μ—μ„œ μ œν’ˆ 개발, μ œμ‘°μ™€ κ΄€λ ¨ν•΄
β€˜λΉ„μš©μ„ κ³ λ €ν•œ μ„€κ³„β€™λΌλŠ” κ°œλ…μ΄ μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
07:30
has advocated for for years,
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07:31
there is one additional thing I can think of that might help.
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기본적으둜 λΉ„μš© 관리가 μ œν’ˆ 개발 λ‹¨κ³„μ„œλΆ€ν„°
07:35
There is a concept in product development and manufacturing
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μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ°œλ…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:38
that's called "design to cost."
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μ œν’ˆ 개발이 λλ‚œ 뒀에 λΉ„μš© μ ˆκ°μ„ μœ„ν•΄
07:40
The basic idea is that the cost management conversation
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거꾸둜 거슬러 μ˜¬λΌκ°€λŠ” 방법과 λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œμš”.
07:43
happens at the same time as the product being designed,
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κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ λ°©λ²•μ΄μ§€λ§Œ 이 덕뢄에
μ œν’ˆ 생산 과정에 μžˆμ–΄ λΉ„μš© λ¬Έμ œκ°€ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 경우
07:46
as opposed to the product being designed first
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07:48
and then reworked to bring the cost down.
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μ‹œμž‘λΆ€ν„° 이λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 있죠.
07:51
It's a simple method that helps ensure
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보건적 μ ‘κ·Όμ„±κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬
07:53
that when cost has been identified as a priority criteria for a product,
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R&DλΆ€ν„° 치료 μ ‘κ·Ό λ‹¨κ³„κΉŒμ§€ μ•„μš°λ₯΄λŠ”
07:58
it's made a target from day one.
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ν•΄κ²° λ°©μ•ˆμ„ 찾을 λ•Œ
λΉ„μš©μ„ κ³ λ €ν•œ 섀계와 같은 방식을 μ·¨ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
08:01
Now, in the context of health and access,
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즉, μ œν’ˆ 개발이 λλ‚˜κ³  λ‚˜μ„œμ•Ό
08:04
I think there is untapped potential
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08:06
in R and D to access,
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κ³΅ν‰ν•œ 접근이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ„λ‘ 손을 μ“°λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
08:08
the same way that manufacturers design to cost.
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μ•žμ„œ μ œκ°€ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆλ˜ 체크 사항듀을
08:12
This would mean that, instead of developing a product
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μ œν’ˆ R&D λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° κ³ λ €ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
08:16
and then working to adapt it to ensure equitable access later,
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이 방법은 우리 λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό 이둭게 ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄λ³ΌκΉŒμš”.
08:20
all of the items on the checklist I mentioned
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μ–΄λ–€ μ œν’ˆμ„ κ°œλ°œν•˜λ©΄μ„œλΆ€ν„° κ³΅ν‰ν•œ 접근성을 염두에 λ‘μ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄
08:22
would be built into the R and D process from the beginning,
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08:25
and this would actually benefit us all.
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생산 규λͺ¨λ₯Ό λ”μš± 효과적으둜 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ¦λŒ€ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:28
Let's take an example.
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제 κ²½ν—˜ 상, μ œμ‘°μ‚¬λ“€μ€ 주둜 μ•½ 자체λ₯Ό λ¨Όμ € κ°œλ°œν•œ 후에
08:30
If we develop a product with equitable access in mind,
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08:33
we might be able to optimize for scale-up faster.
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졜고의 효과λ₯Ό λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ‘°μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:37
In my experience, drug developers often focus on finding a dose that works,
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가정을 ν•΄λ³ΌκΉŒμš”. 후보ꡰ에 μžˆλŠ” μ•½ν’ˆ 쀑에
유효 성뢄이 맀우 ν¬κ·€ν•œ 경우λ₯Όμš”.
08:42
and only after do they optimize the dosage or make adjustments.
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μ•½ν’ˆ κ°œλ°œμ— μ•žμ„œ, 이런 기법을 κ°œλ°œν•΄λ³΄λŠ” 건 μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
08:46
Now imagine that we're talking of a candidate product
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ν¬κ·€ν•œ 유효 성뢄을 μ΅œμ†Œν•œμœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 그런 κΈ°λ²•μ΄μš”.
08:49
for which the active ingredient is a scarce resource.
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이러면 μ•½ν’ˆμ„ 더 많이 생산할 수 있겠죠.
08:52
What if instead we focused on developing a treatment
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜ˆμ‹œλ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄λ³Όκ²Œμš”.
08:55
that uses the lowest possible amount of that active ingredient?
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β€˜κ³΅ν‰ν•œ 접근성’을 염두에 두고 κ°œλ°œν•œ μ œν’ˆμ€
08:59
It could help us produce more doses.
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더 λΉ λ₯Έ μ‹œκ°„ μ•ˆμ— λŒ€λŸ‰ 생산이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:02
Let's take another example.
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선진ꡭ듀은 νƒ„νƒ„ν•œ 보건 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ κ°–μΆ”κ³  있죠.
09:04
If we develop a product with equitable access in mind,
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μ–Έμ œλ“ μ§€ μ›ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ‹μ˜ μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ 곡급이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•΄μš”.
09:07
we might be able to optimize for mass distribution faster.
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λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ˜¨λ„μ— λ―Όκ°ν•œ μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ„ λ³΄κ΄€ν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯을
09:11
In high-income countries,
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λ‹Ήμ—°μ‹œν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:13
we have strong health systems capacity.
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κ³ λ„λ‘œ μˆ™λ ¨λœ 의료인이 ν•„μš”ν•œ 의료 관리에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œλ„μš”.
09:15
We can always distribute products the way we want.
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09:18
So we often take for granted that products can be stored
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λ¬Όλ‘ ,
09:20
in temperature-controlled environments
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냉동 보관 λŠ₯λ ₯μ΄λ‚˜ μˆ™λ ¨λœ 의료인의 λ³΄μœ λŠ”
09:22
or requires a highly skilled health care worker for administration.
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νŠΉμ • κ΅­κ°€μ—λ§Œ ν•΄λ‹Ήν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ•Œλ¬Έμ— R&D λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„°
09:27
Of course,
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μ·¨μ•½ν•œ 의료 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ 경우λ₯Ό 미리 염두에 λ‘”λ‹€λ©΄
09:28
temperature-controlled environments and highly skilled health care workers
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, κ°œλ°œμ— λͺ°λ‘ν•΄
09:32
are not available everywhere.
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μƒμ˜¨ 보관 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ„ 더 빨리 κ°œλ°œν•  μˆ˜λ„ 있겠죠.
09:33
If we were to approach R and D
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09:35
with the constraints of weaker health systems in mind,
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ λΉ„νƒ€λ―Όμ²˜λŸΌ μ‰½κ²Œ 볡용이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜,
주기적 볡용이 ν•„μš” μ—†λŠ” μ˜€λž˜κ°€λŠ” μ•½ν’ˆμ„ κ°œλ°œν•  μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
09:39
we might get creative
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09:40
and develop sooner, for instance, temperature-agnostic products
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λ‹¨μˆœν™”λœ μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ„ 개발, 생산할 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
09:44
or products that can be taken as easily as a vitamin
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09:47
or long-lasting formulations instead of repeat doses.
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더 λ§Žμ€ 이점이 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
병원듀과 의료 체계에 뢀담을 λœμ–΄μ£ΌλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
09:51
If we were able to produce and develop such simplified tools,
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선진ꡭ과 κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­ λ‘˜ λ‹€μ—κ²Œ μžˆμ–΄μ„œμš”.
09:57
it would have the added benefit
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μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜19 μ „νŒŒ μ†λ„λ‚˜
09:58
of putting less strains on hospitals and health systems
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ²˜ν•œ μƒν™©μ˜ 심각성을 봀을 λ•Œ
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 계속 ν•΄κ²° λ°©μ•ˆμ„ λͺ¨μƒ‰ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:02
for both high- and low-income countries.
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μ„œλ‘˜λŸ¬ μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜μ™€ 미래 νŒ¬λ°λ―Ήμ— λ§žμ„œ μ‹ΈμšΈ 수 μžˆλŠ” 방법을 μ°Ύκ³ ,
10:05
Given the speed of the virus
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10:07
and the magnitude of the consequences we're facing,
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ ν•΄λ‹Ή 방법듀을 손에 넣을 수 있게 ν•΄μ•Όμ£ .
10:10
I think we have to continue challenging ourselves
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μ œκ°€ 보기엔
μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜κ°€ 없어지지 μ•ŠλŠ” 이상
10:12
to find the fastest way to make products to fight COVID
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이 이야기λ₯Ό 끝낼 방법은 두 κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:15
and future pandemics accessible to all.
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μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ 생산 규λͺ¨λ§Œ ν‚€μš΄ κ²½μš°μ—”
μ†Œμˆ˜λ§Œμ΄ μ•½ν’ˆμ— μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μžˆμ„ 것이고
10:18
In my perspective,
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10:19
unless the virus disappears,
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μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜λŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό μœ„ν˜‘ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:21
there are two ways this story ends.
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ ν˜•ν‰μ„±μ„ 맞좘 경우라면
10:24
Either the scales tip one way --
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 방법을 손에 넣을 수 있고
10:26
only some of us get access to the product
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ ν•¨κ»˜ μœ„κΈ°λ₯Ό 헀쳐 λ‚˜κ°€λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
10:28
and COVID remains a threat to all of us --
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10:30
or we balance the scales,
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ν˜μ‹ μ μΈ R&Dλ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜λ₯Ό 이길 수 μ—†μ§€λ§Œ
10:32
we all get access to the right weapons,
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R&D의 ν˜μ‹ μ μΈ κ΄€λ¦¬λ‘œλŠ” 이길 수 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ°λΌμš”.
10:35
and we all move on together.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:38
Innovative R and D can't beat COVID alone,
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10:41
but innovative management of R and D might help.
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10:44
Thank you.
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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