The Thrilling Potential for Off-Grid Solar Energy | Amar Inamdar | TED

266,808 views ・ 2018-02-19

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: TJ Kim κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
There's something really incredible happening.
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정말 λ―ΏκΈ° νž˜λ“  일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
So there's over a billion people
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 십얡이 λ„˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
00:17
who have no access to energy whatsoever across the world,
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ ν˜œνƒμ„ 받지 λͺ»ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ°,
00:20
620 million of them here in Africa.
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μ—¬κΈ° μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—λ§Œ 6μ–΅ 2천만 λͺ…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
It costs about 1,500 dollars to connect each household up to the grid.
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κΈ°μ‘΄ μ „λ ₯망이라면 가ꡬ λ‹Ή 1,500달렀(μ•½ 170만 원)이 λ“€κ³ 
00:28
If you are going to wait for it, it takes about nine years, on average,
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마λƒ₯ κΈ°λ‹€λ¦°λ‹€λ©΄ 보톡 9년은 걸릴텐데
00:32
and that feels like a lifetime when you're trying to make that happen.
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μ „λ ₯ 보급을 μœ„ν•΄ μ• μ“°λŠ” 이듀에겐 ν‰μƒμ²˜λŸΌ λŠκ»΄μ§€μ£ .
00:35
That's kind of unbelievable,
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믿기도 받아듀이기도 νž˜λ“  μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
and it's also unacceptable.
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00:39
So let's do something about it.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ 뭐라도 해봐야겠죠.
00:42
The lightbulb comes from this idea that you have an energy system
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ν…ŒμŠ¬λΌμ™€ μ—λ””μŠ¨μ˜ λ°œμƒμΈ
00:45
that's made up of the ideas of Tesla
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€ 체계λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ
00:49
and the ideas of Thomas Edison.
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전ꡬ가 발λͺ…λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
There was an evolution that said it's not just about the lightbulb,
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μ „κ΅¬μ˜ 발λͺ… 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
00:55
it's about the whole system,
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κ·Έ 발λͺ…을 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•œ
00:56
the whole energy system that goes with that lightbulb,
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전체 μ—λ„ˆμ§€ 체계에 진화가 일어났고
00:59
and what happened in that gilded age
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ν˜„μž¬ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ΄ λͺ¨λ°©ν•˜λ €λŠ”
01:02
was the creation of an industrial system
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λ―Έκ΅­ ν™©κΈˆκΈ°μ˜
01:05
that every country around the world has now started to emulate.
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μ‚°μ—… 체제λ₯Ό κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜κ²Œλ” ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
So to get to the appliances, you need to have power stations.
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기계λ₯Ό 돌리렀면 λ°œμ „μ†Œκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜μ£ .
01:11
From power stations, you need to have infrastructure,
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λ°œμ „μ†Œμ™€ μ—°κ²°λœ κΈ°λ°˜μ‹œμ„€μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜κ³ 
01:13
and that infrastructure takes you to the point of having electricity,
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κ·Έ κΈ°λ°˜μ‹œμ„€μ„ 톡해 μ „κΈ°κ°€ μ—°κ²°λ˜μ•Ό
01:16
and you get to the lightbulbs and the appliances
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μ „κ΅¬λ‚˜ κ°€μ „μ œν’ˆ 등을 μ“Έ 수 μžˆλŠ”λ°
01:19
that we all take for granted.
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이걸 우린 λ‹Ήμ—°ν•˜κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
But the amazing thing, in a way, is that there's a revolution happening
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λ°˜λ©΄μ— λ†€λΌμš΄ 건 μ—¬κΈ° λ™μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ λ§ˆμ„κ³Ό λ„μ‹œ
01:25
in the villages and towns all around us here in East Africa.
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전역에 λ²ˆμ§€κ³  μžˆλŠ” 혁λͺ…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
And the revolution is an echo of the cell phone revolution.
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νœ΄λŒ€μ „ν™” 혁λͺ…μ—μ„œ νŒŒμƒλœ
01:34
It's wireless,
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무선 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ΄μš©ν•œ
01:36
and that revolution is about solar and it's about distributed solar.
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'λΆ„μ‚° νƒœμ–‘ μ—λ„ˆμ§€'에 κ΄€ν•œ 것이죠.
01:39
Photons are wireless,
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κ΄‘μžλ“€μ΄ λ¬΄μ„ μœΌλ‘œ
01:40
they fall on every rooftop,
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지뢕에 내리 쬐고
01:42
and they generate enough power to be sufficient for every household need.
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각 가정에 μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ μ „λ ₯이 곡급될 수 μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆ
01:49
So that's an incredible thing.
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정말 λ†€λΌμš΄ 일이죠.
01:50
There's also a problem with it.
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λ¬Έμ œκ°€ ν•˜λ‚˜ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
Up until now, the technology hasn't been there to make it happen,
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 그런 κΈ°μˆ μ€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κ³ 
01:56
and the mindset has been that we have to have the grid
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λ‚˜λΌμ˜ λ°œμ „μ„ μœ„ν•œ 일자리 창좜과 μ‚°μ—…ν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
02:02
to provide industrial growth
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λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ μ „λ ₯망을
02:04
and let countries develop and create jobs and industrialize.
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ꡬ좕해야 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 사고방식이 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
02:09
So we've gotten ourselves to the point
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€ λ³΄λ‹ˆ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 더 이상
02:12
where actually the costs of building these grids
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μ „λ ₯망의 ꡬ좕과 μš΄μ˜μ— λ“œλŠ”
02:15
and following that pattern of development
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λΉ„μš©μ„ 감당할 수 μ—†λŠ” 지경에 이λ₯΄λ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
are really unsustainable.
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02:20
If you add up the deficits that all of the utilities run in Africa,
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μ‚¬ν•˜λΌ μ΄λ‚¨μ˜ 아프리카에 μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ
02:25
sub-Saharan Africa,
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κ³΅κ³΅μ‹œμ„€μ˜ 운영으둜
02:28
you get to a number of 21 billion dollars every year
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λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” 적자λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ‘ ν•©μΉ˜λ©΄
02:32
to maintain that system and keep it going.
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맀년 2μ‘° 원이 λ„˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
So an extraordinary amount of resources
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μžμ›μ΄
02:37
that's been put in to creating a system
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μ‹œμ„€μ„ κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜λŠ”λ° νˆ¬μž…λ  λΏλ”λŸ¬
02:40
that ultimately we will have to wait a very long time for,
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μ•„μ£Ό 였랜 μ‹œκ°„μ„ νˆ¬μžν•΄
02:44
and when it comes,
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완성이 λ˜μ–΄λ„
02:46
it often doesn't come with sufficient robustness
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κ·Έ μ‹œμ„€μ΄ λ°œμ „μ˜ 도약이 될 κ±°λž€ 보μž₯도 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
to allow us to go down that path to development.
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02:52
So what a shame.
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μ•ˆνƒ€κΉŒμš΄ 일이죠
02:54
But here's what's happening,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§€κΈˆ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ
02:55
and here's the opportunity that I think we should all get excited about.
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λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό ν₯λΆ„μ‹œν‚¬ λ§Œν•œ 일듀이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
So there's a group of companies
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μ§€λ‚œ 10λ…„ κ°„
03:01
that have been chipping away at this problem over the last 10 years,
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이 λ¬Έμ œμ— λ„μ „ν•˜λ˜
03:05
and this group of companies
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ€
03:07
have recognized the reality that there's a great big nuclear reactor
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 크기의 μ›μžλ‘œκ°€ λ°”λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ˜ μœ„μ— 있고
03:11
up there in the sky,
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ν•˜λŠ˜μ—μ„œ λ‚΄λ € μ¬λŠ”
03:12
and that Africa is more endowed with that solar power
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νƒœμ–‘ μ—λ„ˆμ§€κ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–΄λ–€ λŒ€λ₯™μ—μ„œ 보닀
03:18
that comes from the sky, the sun,
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아프리카에 ν’λΆ€ν•˜λ‹€λŠ”
03:20
than almost any other continent.
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사싀을 μ•Œκ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
So the opportunity has come to convert some of that solar power,
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ νƒœμ–‘μ—΄κ³Ό 무선 μ „λ ₯을 κ°€μ •μš© μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ‘œ ν™œμš©ν• 
03:27
wireless power, into energy at the household level.
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κΈ°νšŒκ°€ 생긴 것이죠.
03:31
And three things have happened at the same time.
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그리고 μ„Έ 가지 일이 λ™μ‹œμ— μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
First, the costs of solar productivity have come down.
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첫째, νƒœμ–‘μ—΄ μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ 생산 λΉ„μš©μ΄ κ°μ†Œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
So putting a panel on your roof and generating power from it,
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지뢕 μœ„μ— νŒ¨λ„μ„ 놓고 μ „λ ₯을 μƒμ‚°ν•˜λŠ”λ° λ“œλŠ” λΉ„μš©μ΄
03:40
that cost has absolutely collapsed over the last 30 years,
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μ§€λ‚œ 30λ…„ κ°„ μ™„μ „νžˆ 뢕괴돼
03:43
and it's gone down by 95 percent.
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95%κΉŒμ§€ ν•˜λ½ν–ˆμ£ .
03:46
Second, the appliance network.
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λ‘˜μ§Έ, κ°€μ „κΈ°κΈ° λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
So the group of appliances that we've all gotten used to,
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μ‚Άμ˜ 일뢀가 된 ν•„μš”ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ›ν•˜κ³ 
03:51
we all want and we all need, we all see as part of our everyday lives
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널리 μ“°μ΄κ²Œ 돼 일상이 된 κΈ°κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
that give us health and security,
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이것듀은 우리의 건강과 μ•ˆμ „μ„ μ±…μž„μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
those appliances have come down in cost.
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가격도 많이 λ‚΄λ Έμ£ .
03:59
So if you take the LED lightbulb, for example, a very simple thing,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, LED μ „κ΅¬λŠ” 5λ…„ 전보닀
04:02
they're now 85 percent less than they were five years ago,
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85%λ‚˜ μ €λ ΄ν•΄ 쑌고
04:07
and their efficiency, when you compare them to an incandescent bulb,
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κ·Έ νš¨μœ¨μ€ 이전 ν™”λ©΄μ—μ„œ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ Έλ˜
04:12
like the lightbulb I showed in the previous slide,
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λ°±μ—΄ 전ꡬ와 비ꡐ해도
04:16
is incredible.
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λ†€λΌμšΈ 정도인데,
04:17
They give you 10 times the amount of light,
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10λ°°λ‚˜ 더 밝고
04:20
and they last 30 times as long.
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30λ°°λ‚˜ 수λͺ…이 κΈΈμ£ .
04:22
And then the last thing that's happened is of course the cell phone revolution,
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œλŠ” λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ νœ΄λŒ€μ „ν™” 혁λͺ…인데
04:26
so we're piggybacking off the cell phone revolution,
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κ·Έ 좔세에 발맞좰
04:28
and we can now make decentralized customers make small payments
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이제 μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ“€μ΄ μ†Œμ•‘ 결재둜
04:32
for bits of equipment and appliances
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 많이 저렴해진 가전기기듀을
04:35
where actually they're now affordable.
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κ΅¬μž…ν•  수 있게 λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
We can pay them off over a daily or a weekly schedule.
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맀일 μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 맀주 μ‘°κΈˆμ”© μ§€λΆˆν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
04:40
So this is an incredible change in the economy that's happening,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ˜ κ²½μ œμ— μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 변화와
04:44
and it's really opened up something very, very innovative.
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ν˜μ‹ μ˜ μž₯을 μ—΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
So I'm going to introduce you to a lady I met with last week.
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μ§€λ‚œ 주에 λ§Œλ‚¬λ˜ μ—¬μ„± ν•œ 뢄을 μ†Œκ°œν•΄ λ“œλ¦΄κ²Œμš”.
04:50
Her name's Susan.
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κ·Έ λΆ„μ˜ 이름은 μˆ˜μž”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:51
It may not look like it,
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λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 것과 λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ
04:53
but Susan is a representative of a $27 billion market.
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270μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬(μ•½ 27μ‘° 원) μ‹œμž₯을 λŒ€ν‘œν•˜κ³  있죠.
04:59
27 billion dollars is what people like Susan spend every year
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μˆ˜μž”κ³Ό 같은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 맀년 270μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό
05:02
on cell phone charging,
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νœ΄λŒ€μ „ν™”λ₯Ό μΆ©μ „ν•˜κ³ ,
05:05
flashlight batteries and kerosene to light their homes.
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μ†μ „λ“±μ˜ 건전지와 κ°€μ •μš© λ“±μœ λ₯Ό κ΅¬μž…ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
So Susan is a proud owner of a small solar system.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μˆ˜μž”μ€ 이 μž‘μ€ νƒœμ–‘μ—΄ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μžλž‘μŠ€λŸ¬μ›Œ ν•˜μ£ .
05:14
It's a kit rather than a planetary thing,
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넓은 면적이 ν•„μˆ˜κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ
05:16
so a small solar system,
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κ°€μ •μ—μ„œ
05:18
and her small solar system allows her to have a couple of lightbulbs,
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두 μ„Έ 개의 전ꡬλ₯Ό μΌ€ 수 μžˆλŠ” μž‘μ€ νƒœμ–‘μ—΄ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμΈλ°
05:22
and she's made this transition, this jump, from kerosene into light.
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λ“±μœ λ₯Ό μ“°λ˜ μ‹œμ ˆμ„ μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄ λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ λ°œμ „μ΄μ£ .
05:26
She has four or five lights and a radio.
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전ꡬ λͺ‡ κ°œμ™€ λΌλ””μ˜€λ₯Ό μ“°κ³  μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆ
05:28
It's fantastic, and she talks about it.
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정말 λŒ€λ‹¨ν•˜κ³ 
05:30
She talks about her kids doing homework at night because she has light.
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덕뢄에 μžλ…€λ“€μ΄ 밀에도 μˆ™μ œλ₯Ό ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:34
I'm not sure what the kids feel about that.
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아이듀은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 생각할지 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ
05:36
She talks about the fact that she can go out at 4am and look after the cows,
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μƒˆλ²½ 4μ‹œμ— μ†Œλ“€μ„ 돌보러 갈 λ•Œλ„
05:41
and she's not so worried,
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큰 어렀움이 μ—†κ³ 
05:43
but also, with a little twinkle in her eye,
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λˆˆμ„ 반짝이며
05:46
she talks about how light turns her house into a home at night.
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λΆˆλΉ› 덕뢄에 밀에도 집이 μ‚¬λžŒμ‚¬λŠ” κ³³ κ°™λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:50
She's not scared of her own house at night,
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λΆˆλΉ› 덕뢄에 μ–΄λ‘μ›Œμ Έλ„ 집에 μžˆκΈ°κ°€ 두렡지 μ•ŠμœΌλ‹ˆ
05:53
because it has light in it, and I thought that was amazing.
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ’‹κ² μ–΄μš”.
05:56
So Susan does something that many customers of these companies
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μˆ˜μž”μ€ μ•žμ— λ§μ”€λ“œλ Έλ˜ νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ˜
06:00
that I talked about do,
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λ§Žμ€ μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ“€μ²˜λŸΌ
06:01
and she forces us to innovate.
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ ν˜μ‹ μ„ μš”κ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:03
She challenges companies, saying, "I've got the radio and the lights.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜λ©° 기업듀에 μš”κ΅¬ν•˜μ£  "λΌλ””μ˜€ν•˜κ³  μ‘°λͺ…은 ν•΄κ²°ν–ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒ
06:07
You know what? I'd like a TV.
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이젠 TVκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μ•Όκ² μ–΄μš”.
06:08
I'd like to entertain, educate me and my kids.
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아이듀과 ν•¨κ»˜ 즐기고 배울 것듀이 λ§Žμž–μ•„μš”.
06:14
And then I would like to have some hair clippers for my kids,
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아이듀을 μœ„ν•œ 이발 기ꡬ와
06:17
you know, to cut my kids' hair, and I'd love to have a fridge.
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냉μž₯고도 있으면 μ’‹κ² λ„€μš”."
06:20
And she's coined something
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그리고 μ—λ„ˆμ§€ 뢄야에
06:22
that the energy world is really hungry to do.
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κΌ­ ν•„μš”ν–ˆλ˜ μš©μ–΄ ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό 직접 μ§€μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
06:27
The idea that she's coined is the energy ladder.
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λ°”λ‘œ 'μ—λ„ˆμ§€ 사닀리'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:29
It starts, again, with a lightbulb. Right?
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λ‹€μ‹œ 전ꡬ μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό ν•΄λ³Όκ²Œμš”.
06:32
And the lightbulb is an idea that we can get our kids to do homework,
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전ꡬ 덕뢄에 아이듀이 μˆ™μ œλ„ ν•  수 있고
06:37
and very cheap, about five dollars,
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5 λ‹¬λŸ¬ μ •λ„λ‘œ μ•„μ£Ό μ‹ΈκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
06:40
and we can get it distributed.
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λ³΄κΈ‰ν•˜κΈ°λ„ μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
But then let's go up from there.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ±°κΈ°μ„œ 끝이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
06:43
This is the kit that Susan has:
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μˆ˜μž”μ΄ μ“°λŠ” κ²ƒλ“€μΈλ°μš”.
06:45
four lightbulbs, radio, maybe a little flashlight,
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전ꡬ 4개, λΌλ””μ˜€, μž‘μ€ 손전등,
06:49
a little solar panel on the roof.
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지뢕 μœ„μ˜ 쑰그만 νƒœμ–‘κ΄‘ νŒ¨λ„
06:51
And then let's go up again.
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κ±°κΈ°μ„œ ν•œ 단계 더 λ‚˜κ°€ 보죠.
06:53
We can get maybe at about 500 dollars,
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이 정도면 μ•„λ§ˆ 500λ‹¬λŸ¬ (μ•½ 60λ§Œμ›) 정도 할텐데
06:58
the previous kit was maybe $150,
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λ°”λ‘œ 전에 것은 ν•œ 150λ‹¬λŸ¬ (μ•½ 20λ§Œμ›) ν–ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
07:01
again, paid for over time,
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이것도 ν• λΆ€λ‘œ ν•΄μ„œ
07:03
two years to pay it all off,
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2년이면 μ™„λ‚©ν•  수 있고
07:04
you can get the TV,
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TV와 전ꡬ λͺ‡ 개의
07:05
so the lightbulbs and the TV.
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μ„ΈνŠΈ μƒν’ˆμΈ μ…ˆμ΄μ£ .
07:08
And you start to ask yourself, "So where is this headed?"
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우린 μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œμ—κ²Œ λ¬»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ "μ–΄λ””κΉŒμ§€ λ°œμ „ν• κΉŒ?"
07:11
Is this headed here,
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병원과 학ꡐ에
07:13
where we can have distributed systems
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μ „λ ₯을 곡급할 만큼의 κΈ°λ°˜μ‹œμ„€μ„ κ°–μΆ˜
07:16
with the right infrastructure to provide power
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λΆ„μ‚°ν˜• μ „λ ₯ 체계λ₯Ό 보급할 수 μžˆλŠ”
07:18
for our hospitals and our schools?
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λ°©ν–₯으둜 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€κ³  μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
07:21
And really how far can this go?
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 더 λ°œμ „ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
07:23
And this is the mindset shift that I think is really exciting.
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이런 λ°œμƒμ˜ μ „ν™˜μ€ 정말 ν₯λ―Έμ§„μ§„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:27
How far can we go?
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μ–΄λ””κΉŒμ§€ λ°œμ „μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν• κΉŒμš”?
07:29
Could it get up to here?
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μ—¬κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ κ°€λŠ₯ν• κΉŒμš”?
07:31
You know, this is the conceptual design for one of the world's biggest factories,
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세계 μ΅œλŒ€μ˜ 규λͺ¨λ₯Ό λ‹€νˆ¬λŠ” 곡μž₯의 μ‹œμ•ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:35
designed to be fully solar-powered and fully off grid.
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기쑴의 μ „λ ₯망이 μ•„λ‹Œ, νƒœμ–‘μ—΄λ‘œλ§Œ κ°€λ™λ˜λ„λ‘ 섀계됐죠.
07:40
Maybe we can get that.
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κ°€λŠ₯ν•  κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
07:42
So there's a generation of these companies
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ 기업듀이
07:46
that are out there doing this work and creating thousands of jobs,
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수천 개의 일자리λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
07:52
creating, selling, tens of thousands of these solar systems,
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수만 개의 νƒœμ–‘μ—΄ κΈ°κΈ°λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ νŒλ§€ν•΄
07:56
so bringing tens of thousands of families into light,
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수만 가정을 밝히며
07:59
and tackling that big $1 billion problem that I talked about at the beginning,
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μ²œμ–΅μ› 정도가 μ†Œμš”λ˜λŠ” 이 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 문제의 해결을 μœ„ν•œ
08:03
and really innovating.
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ν˜μ‹ μ— νž˜μ“°κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:05
And what they're doing is, they're not only energy companies,
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€ νšŒμ‚¬λ“€λ„ 있고
08:09
they're also credit finance companies,
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μ‹ μš© 금육 νšŒμ‚¬λ“€λ„ μžˆμ–΄
08:11
so they're bringing people into an economy.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ κ²½μ œν™œλ™μ— μ°Έμ—¬μ‹œν‚€κ³ 
08:14
They're retail companies,
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μ†Œλ§€ 업체듀은
08:17
so they're taking products out to people in the connecting markets.
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'μ—°κ²°λœ μ‹œμž₯'을 톡해 μ œν’ˆμ„ κ³΅κΈ‰ν•˜μ£ .
08:21
And they're appliance companies,
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κ°€μ „μ œν’ˆ νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ€
08:23
so they're developing extraordinary products
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μ•„μ£Ό 효율적이고 μ €λ ΄ν•œ
08:25
that are very efficient and very cheap.
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λ†€λΌμš΄ μ œν’ˆλ“€μ„ κ°œλ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:29
So an extraordinary thing is happening out there
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μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ˜ 관심을 λ„λŠ”
08:31
that's worth recognizing.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 일듀이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§€κ³  있죠.
08:35
And where does it take us?
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λ„λŒ€μ²΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 더 λ°œμ „ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
08:36
From a governmental perspective, from a social perspective,
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μ •λΆ€λ‚˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œλŠ”
08:40
it takes us out to two really big goals.
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두 κ°€μ§€μ˜ 큰 λͺ©ν‘œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:44
We aspire towards energy access for everybody,
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ ν˜œνƒμ„ 받을 수 μžˆλŠ”
08:47
and we aspire towards a fully-functioning low-carbon economy.
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κ±΄κ°•ν•œ 'μ €νƒ„μ†Œ 경제'λ₯Ό μ—΄λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:54
And we're getting to the point where we're seeing
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λ˜ν•œ μ „λ ₯망의 κ΅¬μΆ•μœΌλ‘œ
08:56
the fully-functioning low-carbon economy
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λλ‚΄λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
08:58
is not just about getting people onto the grid,
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'μ €νƒ„μ†Œ 경제"둜 인해 μ•„μ£Ό 양심적인 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ
09:03
it's about getting people onto electricity
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ „κΈ°λ₯Ό κ³΅κΈ‰ν•˜λŠ”
09:06
and doing it in a way that's really dignified.
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μˆ˜μ€€κΉŒμ§€ 올라 μ„œκ³  있죠.
09:13
So I want us all to picture it for a moment,
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이게 μ§„μ •μœΌλ‘œ 뭘 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ‹€ν•¨κ»˜ ν•œ 번 상상해 보죠.
09:16
really picture what this could mean:
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09:18
[New energy ecosystem]
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[μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μƒνƒœκ³„]
09:20
an energy system that's not just about subsistence power,
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λ“±μœ λ₯Ό λŒ€μ²΄ν•˜λŠ”
09:23
getting the family off the kerosene,
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μƒκ³„μš© 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
09:26
but it's actually the full suite of appliances and tools
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κ°€μ „μ œν’ˆκ³Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ κΈ°κΈ°λ“€
09:33
and productivity that we've all gotten used to,
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그리고 생산성 등을 ν–₯μƒμ‹œμΌœ
09:36
so actually energy at a scale that can drive industrial development.
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μ‚°μ—… λ°œμ „μ„ 이끌 μ •λ„μ˜ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:41
And it's the ability to have powerful tools.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 기계λ₯Ό 돌릴 μˆ˜λ„,
09:47
It's the ability to be productive in the households, as a farmer,
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λ†λΆ€λ‚˜ λͺ©μˆ˜, μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μž¬λ‹¨μ‚¬λ‘œμ„œ
09:51
or as a carpenter or as a tailor
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보닀 생산성 λ†’κ²Œ μΌν•˜λ©°
09:53
and get your businesses to work and bring you into the economy.
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κ²½μ œν™œλ™μ„ ν•  수 있게 ν•΄μ£Όμ£ .
09:57
And I was working again a couple of days ago with a farmer
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이틀 μ „λΆ€ν„°, λ‚˜μ΄λ‘œλΉ„ μ™Έκ³½μ˜ μž‘μ€ 농μž₯μ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λŠ” ν•œ λΆ„κ³Ό
10:00
just outside of Nairobi, small field,
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일을 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
10:03
and he has an irrigation pump that's run off solar,
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νƒœμ–‘μ—΄λ‘œ μž‘λ™λ˜λŠ”
10:06
and he was bragging about how much of a difference it made
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κ΄€κ°œμš© νŽŒν”„ 덕에 생산성이 λ†’μ•„μ‘Œλ‹€κ³  μžλž‘ν•˜μ…¨μ–΄μš”.
10:10
to his productivity.
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10:12
When we were listening to him, we were asking ourselves,
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κ·Έ λΆ„μ˜ μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό λ“€μœΌλ©΄μ„œ κΆκΈˆν•΄ 쑌죠.
10:15
at what point will it be
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μ˜₯μƒμ—μ„œ μΆ©μ „ν•œ
10:17
that actually, you will be charging an electric scooter off your rooftop
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전동 μŠ€μΏ ν„°μ— 곑식을 μ‹€μ–΄ μ‹œμž₯κΉŒμ§€ κ°€λŠ” 날은 μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ 올까?
10:21
and taking your crops to market
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10:23
with mobility that you've charged yourself, using your own power?
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자체적으둜 μΆ©μ „ν•œ μ΄λ™μˆ˜λ‹¨μ„ μ΄μš©ν•΄ 말이죠.
10:30
And that's an extraordinary thing that's happening,
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정말 λ†€λΌμš΄ 일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§€κ³  있고,
10:33
and if you listen to Susan and Francis,
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μˆ˜μž”κ³Ό ν”„λž€μ‹œμŠ€μ˜ 말을 λ“£λ‹€ 보면,
10:34
you get to this point where you say,
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이런 말이 λ‚˜μ˜€κ²Œ 될 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
10:36
"These guys have this extraordinary sense of dignity
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"자체적으둜 μ „λ ₯을 μ–»λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•œ
10:41
about the way they're achieving their power,
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μžλΆ€μ‹¬μ΄ μ°Έ λŒ€λ‹¨ν•˜μ‹œκ΅¬λ‚˜."
10:43
the sense of ownership and the sense of pride,
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μ±…μž„κ°κ³Ό μžκΈμ‹¬ 말이죠.
10:46
and I'm going to flip into a little tiny video clip,
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μ•žμ„œ λ§ν•œ κΈ°μ—…λ“€ 쀑 ν•œ κ³³μ—μ„œ μœ ν†΅μ„ λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 뢄이
10:49
which is from a distributor of one of these companies that I'm talking about.
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보내주신 μ˜μƒ ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό 보여 λ“œλ¦΄κ²Œμš”.
10:52
And he puts it better than anyone I've ever heard it.
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λˆ„κ΅¬μ˜ μ„€λͺ…보닀 λ”μš± 귀에 와 λ‹ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:55
So just listen to this.
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잘 λ“€μ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”
10:58
Martin: So if it does happen that we get to a point
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λ§ˆν‹΄: μ§‘μ§‘λ§ˆλ‹€ 자체적으둜
11:01
where every home has their own independent supply of energy,
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μ „λ ₯을 생산할 정도가 λœλ‹€λ©΄,
11:06
that will give us the democracy of energy.
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ λ―Όμ£Όν™”κ°€ 올 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
11:09
That's it.
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λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έκ±°μ£ .
11:10
And everybody has that choice,
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λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ μ„ νƒκΆŒμ΄ 있고
11:12
and everybody knows when they want to switch it on or off,
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μ–Έμ œ 켜고 λŒμ§€ 슀슀둜 κ²°μ •ν•˜κ³ 
11:15
whether they want to sell access or whether they want to store it.
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μ €μž₯ν•΄ λ‘˜μ§€ μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ νŒ”μ§€λ„ κ²°μ •ν•  수 있겠죠.
11:18
That freedom getting back into the hands of the consumer,
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μ†ŒλΉ„μžμ—κ²Œ λŒμ•„κ°€λŠ” 그런 μžμœ κ°€
11:22
that would be the most exciting thing.
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κ°€μž₯ ν₯λΆ„λ˜λŠ” μΌμ΄μ—μš”.
11:27
Amar Inamdar: Brilliant, right? That was Martin,
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μ•„λ§ˆλ₯΄: λŒ€λ‹¨ν•˜μ£ ? λ§ˆν‹΄μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
11:30
and he has a really wonderful turn of phrase,
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정말 말도 잘 ν•˜κ³ ,
11:32
and what a sense of vision that he captures.
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λΉ„μ „ λ˜ν•œ λŒ€λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:36
So picture that for a moment:
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잠깐 상상해 보죠.
11:38
every household a proud producer as well as consumer of energy ...
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λͺ¨λ“  κ°€μ •μ—μ„œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ μ†ŒλΉ„μ™€ 생산을 병행 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:47
the ability to generate power, to share power, to sell power,
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가정에 μ„€μΉ˜λœ λ°œμ „ μ„€λΉ„λ₯Ό 톡해
11:51
all coming from your own generating asset sitting on your own property.
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μ „λ ₯을 μƒμ‚°ν•˜κ³ , λ‚˜λˆ  μ“°κ³ , νŒ”κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:56
Maybe even think about crowdsourcing with your neighbors
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μ •λΆ€μ—μ„œ λ­”κ°€ ν•΄μ£ΌκΈΈ κΈ°λ‹€λ¦¬λŠ” λŒ€μ‹  이웃듀과 ν•¨κ»˜ ν¬λΌμš°λ“œμ†Œμ‹±μ„ ν†΅ν•œ
11:59
the grid from the ground up,
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12:01
rather than waiting for the government to bring it from the top down.
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자체 μ „λ ₯망의 ꡬ좕도 생각해 λ³Ό 수 있겠죠.
12:05
So in Africa, we have this extraordinary opportunity right now,
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μ§€κΈˆ μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—λŠ” 절호의 κΈ°νšŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:11
an extraordinary opportunity,
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ λΆ€λŸ¬μ›Œν• 
12:13
to change the world and create an energy system
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€ 체계λ₯Ό ꡬ좕해 세상을 λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚€κ³ 
12:16
that everybody will be jealous of,
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ν˜μ‹ μ„ 이뀄낸 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ‘œ
12:19
and everybody will look to us as the innovators of.
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λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ 쑴쀑받을 수 μžˆλŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 기회죠.
12:23
And that's the democracy of energy.
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그것이 λ°”λ‘œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ λ―Όμ£Όν™”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:27
Thank you very much.
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λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:29
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
12:33
Chris Anderson: Quick question.
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크리슀 μ•€λ”μŠ¨: 질문 ν•˜λ‚˜ λ“œλ¦΄κ²Œμš”.
12:34
So it's a really exciting vision.
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정말 ν₯λΆ„λ˜λŠ” μ „λ§μΈλ°μš”.
12:36
Help us understand, what are the key roadblocks right now?
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ν˜„μž¬ κ°€μž₯ 큰 κ±Έλ¦ΌλŒμ€ λ­˜κΉŒμš”?
12:39
Like, what could make this go faster?
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ κ·Έ μ‹œκΈ°λ₯Ό μ•žλ‹ΉκΈΈ λ°©λ²•μ€μš”?
12:43
AI: So the first one, I think, is really the intermittency of solar power.
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μ•„λ§ˆλ₯΄: 첫 번째 질문의 닡은 ν•΄κ°€ 늘 λ–  μžˆλŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:47
So the problem is that the sun only shines for 12 hours a day,
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ν•˜λ£¨ 12μ‹œκ°„λ§Œ ν•΄κ°€ λ– μžˆκ³ 
12:51
so you've got darkness for 12 hours a day,
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λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 12μ‹œκ°„μ€ μ–΄λ‘μš΄κ²Œ 문제죠.
12:54
and we need to have storage solutions
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μƒμš©ν™”μ˜ 길둜 μ ‘μ–΄ λ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
12:56
that are better to help us take us down that path.
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이런 μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ €μž₯ν•΄ λ‘˜ 방법을 μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒ
12:58
So storage is really one.
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μ €μž₯이 κ°€μž₯ 큰 λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:00
CA: And those prices are coming down.
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크리슀: λΉ„μš©λ„ 많이 λ‚΄λ €κ°€κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
13:02
AI: And those prices are coming down very quickly.
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μ•„λ§ˆλ₯΄: κΈ‰κ²©ν•˜κ²Œ λ‚΄λ €κ°€κ³  있죠.
13:04
Second, the appliance set.
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λ‘˜μ§ΈλŠ” κ°€μ „μ œν’ˆλ“€μΈλ°
13:06
So it needs to get more efficient,
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더 효율적이고
13:08
and it needs to get more diverse.
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•΄μ Έμ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:09
We need to do more of the things
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우리 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μΈλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ ν•©ν•œ
13:11
we in Africa want to do with the appliance set.
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κ°€μ „μ œν’ˆμ˜ κ°œλ°œμ— 더 νž˜μ¨μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:13
CA: DC appliances.
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크리슀: 직λ₯˜λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ...
13:14
AI: DC appliances,
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μ•„λ§ˆλ₯΄: 직λ₯˜ κ°€μ „μ œν’ˆ
13:16
and I think there's a real opportunity there, Chris.
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κ·Έ μͺ½ 전망이 정말 쒋은 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:18
I think the opportunity
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ν˜„μž¬ μ •λΆ€μ—μ„œ
13:20
is that we could shift some of these 21 billion dollars of subsidies
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κΈ°μ‘΄ μ „λ ₯ 체계에 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 210μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬ (μ•½ 21쑰원) μƒλ‹Ήμ˜
13:25
that governments are spending on the current electricity system
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보쑰금 쀑 일뢀λ₯Ό ν• μ• ν•΄
13:28
and we could promote R&D here in Africa
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μ—¬κΈ° μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œμ˜
13:32
to create some of these products,
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창업을 도와주고
13:34
to be some of these entrepreneurs, and make this happen.
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연ꡬ κ°œλ°œλΉ„λ„ 지원해 μ£Όλ©°
13:36
So create this new system here.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 체체λ₯Ό κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
13:39
CA: And some of the companies themselves,
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크리슀: λͺ‡λͺ‡ νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ€
13:41
I mean, there's plenty of demand there.
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λ„˜μ³λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έ μˆ˜μš”λ₯Ό μΈμ§€ν•˜λ©΄μ„œλ„
13:43
What's holding them back from supplying that demand?
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μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ κ³΅κΈ‰ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ” λ­˜κΉŒμš”?
13:46
I mean, some of them talk about,
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μ§€κΈˆλ³΄λ‹€
13:47
they would like to sell 10x what they can currently sell.
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판맀 싀적 10λ°°λ₯Ό μ™ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 기업듀도 λ§Žμž–μ•„μš”.
13:50
AI: Exactly. So for many of these capitals,
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μ•„λ§ˆλ₯΄: λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그런 μžλ³Έκ°€λ“€μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄
13:53
it's that markets don't price consumer risk very well,
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λͺ¨ν—˜μ„ ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
13:56
and particularly in markets like ours,
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특히 아프리카와 같은
13:58
in emerging markets and here in Africa.
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μ‹ ν₯μ‹œμž₯μ—μ„œ 말이죠.
14:02
So there's not enough working capital coming into this space
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투자 μœ μΉ˜κ°€ νž˜λ“  이유죠.
14:05
because the big financiers look at this space and say,
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κ±°λŒ€ μžλ³Έκ°€λ“€μ€ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:08
"I don't know how to price that risk, so I'm going to stay away from it."
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"λΆˆν™•μ‹€ν•œ 곳에 투자λ₯Ό ν•  순 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
14:11
And that's holding a lot of these companies back.
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λ°”λ‘œ κΈ°μ—…λ“€μ˜ 투자λ₯Ό λ§‰λŠ” 원인이죠.
14:14
CA: Well, it's incredibly exciting to picture what could happen here.
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크리슀: μƒμƒλ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλ„ μ•„μ£Ό ν₯λΆ„λ˜λŠ”
14:18
In my mind, this might be the biggest leapfrog of them all.
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μœ„ν•œ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ λ°œμ „μΌ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:22
And thank you for all you're doing and for sharing that vision
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ν˜„μž¬ ν•˜κ³  계신 λͺ¨λ“  일과 μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 전망에 λŒ€ν•œ 말씀 정말 κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:25
so powerfully.
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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