How centuries of sci-fi sparked spaceflight | Alex MacDonald

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2019-04-18 ・ TED


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How centuries of sci-fi sparked spaceflight | Alex MacDonald

51,313 views ・ 2019-04-18

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Hak Sun Lim κ²€ν† : JY Kang
00:12
I want to tell you a story about stories.
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이야기에 λŒ€ν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•΄λ“œλ¦¬λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
And I want to tell you this story because I think we need to remember
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κ·Έ μ΄μœ λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κΈ°μ–΅ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  것이 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
that sometimes the stories we tell each other
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄λ”°κΈˆ μ„œλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” 이야기듀은
00:23
are more than just tales or entertainment or narratives.
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κ·Έλƒ₯ 재미둜 λ“£λŠ” λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 이야기가 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 것이죠.
00:28
They're also vehicles
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그것은 도ꡬ이기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
for sowing inspiration and ideas across our societies
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우리 μ‚¬νšŒμ™€ 우리 μ‹œλŒ€μ— 영감과 μƒκ°μ˜ 씨앗을 λΏŒλ¦¬λŠ”
00:34
and across time.
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μˆ˜λ‹¨μ΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
The story I'm about to tell you
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μ œκ°€ ν•΄λ“œλ¦΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ”
00:38
is about how one of the most advanced technological achievements
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ν˜„λŒ€ μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ 첨단 기술이 κ±°λ‘” 업적이
00:41
of the modern era
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μ–΄λ–€ 이야기듀에 뿌리λ₯Ό 두고 μžˆλŠ”μ§€
00:42
has its roots in stories,
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00:44
and how some of the most important transformations yet to come might also.
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그리고 μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‹€κ°€μ˜¬ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 변화듀도 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ—μ„œ κΈ°μ›ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
The story begins over 300 years ago,
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μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ μ‹œμž‘μ€ 300λ…„ μ „μœΌλ‘œ 거슬러 μ˜¬λΌκ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
when Galileo Galilei first learned of the recent Dutch invention
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갈릴레였 κ°ˆλ¦΄λ ˆμ΄κ°€ λ„€λœλž€λ“œμ˜ μ–΄λŠ 발λͺ…ν’ˆμ„ 처음 접헸을 λ•Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
that took two pieces of shaped glass and put them in a long tube
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두 개의 유리 쑰각듀을 κΈ΄ νŠœλΈŒμ— λ„£μœΌλ©΄
01:02
and thereby extended human sight farther than ever before.
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훨씬 더 λ©€λ¦¬κΉŒμ§€ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” 발λͺ…ν’ˆμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
When Galileo turned his new telescope to the heavens
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κ°ˆλ¦΄λ ˆμ˜€λŠ” 이 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ§μ›κ²½μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ˜μ„ κ΄€μ°°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
and to the Moon in particular,
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특히 달을 κ΄€μ°°ν–ˆμ£ .
01:12
he discovered something incredible.
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κ·Έλ•Œ μ•„μ£Ό λ†€λΌμš΄ 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
These are pages from Galileo's book "Sidereus Nuncius," published in 1610.
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이것은 갈릴레였의 μ €μ„œμΈ 'Sidereus Nuncius' 쀑 μΌλΆ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
1610년에 λ°œκ°„λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
01:20
And in them, he revealed to the world what he had discovered.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 이 책을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ μžμ‹ μ˜ λ°œκ²¬μ„ 세상에 κ³΅κ°œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
And what he discovered was that the Moon was not just a celestial object
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κ·Έκ°€ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 것은 달이 κ·Έμ € λ°€ν•˜λŠ˜μ„ λ– λ‹€λ‹ˆλŠ” μ²œμ²΄κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
01:27
wandering across the night sky,
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01:29
but rather, it was a world,
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또 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ„Έκ³„λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
a world with high, sunlit mountains
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κ·Έ μ„Έκ³„μ—λŠ” ν•΄κ°€ λΉ„μΉ˜λŠ” 높은 산이 있고
01:35
and dark "mare," the Latin word for seas.
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μ–΄λ‘μš΄ '마레(mare)'도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
'λ°”λ‹€'λ₯Ό λœ»ν•˜λŠ” 라틴어죠.
01:40
And once this new world and the Moon had been discovered,
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이 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 세계와 달이 발견되자마자
01:42
people immediately began to think about how to travel there.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이 μ„Έκ³„λ‘œ 여행을 λ– λ‚  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ κ³ λ―Όν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
And just as importantly,
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 점은
01:49
they began to write stories
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 이야기λ₯Ό μ“°κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
about how that might happen
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이 여행이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이루어지며
01:53
and what those voyages might be like.
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κ·Έ 여행이 어떨지에 κ΄€ν•œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λ“€μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
One of the first people to do so was actually the Bishop of Hereford,
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처음으둜 κ·Έ 이야기λ₯Ό μ“΄ μ‚¬λžŒμ€
ν”„λž€μ‹œμŠ€ κ³ λ“œμœˆμ΄λΌλŠ” ν—€λ¦¬νΌλ“œμ˜ ν•œ μ£Όκ΅μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
a man named Francis Godwin.
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02:00
Godwin wrote a story about a Spanish explorer,
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κ³ λ“œμœˆμ€ 도밍고 κ³€μž˜λ ˆμŠ€λΌλŠ” μ΄λ¦„μ˜ 슀페인 νƒν—˜κ°€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό 썼죠.
02:03
Domingo Gonsales,
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02:04
who ended up marooned on the island of St. Helena
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λŒ€μ„œμ–‘ ν•œκ°€μš΄λ°μ— μžˆλŠ” μ„ΈμΈνŠΈ ν—¬λ ˆλ‚˜ 섬에 버렀진 κ·ΈλŠ”
02:07
in the middle of the Atlantic,
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02:09
and there, in an effort to get home,
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μ§‘μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
02:12
developed a machine, an invention,
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기계 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό 발λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
to harness the power of the local wild geese
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섬에 μžˆλŠ” κ±°μœ„λ“€μ˜ νž˜μ„ λͺ¨μ•„ ν•˜λŠ˜μ„ λ‚˜λŠ” κΈ°κ³„μ˜€μ£ .
02:17
to allow him to fly --
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02:18
and eventually to embark on a voyage to the Moon.
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그리고 κ·ΈλŠ” κ²°κ΅­ 달을 ν–₯ν•΄ ν•­ν•΄λ₯Ό λ– λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
Godwin's book, "The Man in the Moone, or a Discourse of a Voyage Thither,"
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κ³ λ“œμœˆμ˜ 책인 "달에 κ°„ μ‚¬λ‚˜μ΄ ν˜Ήμ€ ν•­ν•΄ μ €νŽΈμ— κ΄€ν•œ λ‹΄λ‘ "은
02:26
was only published posthumously and anonymously in 1638,
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κ·Έκ°€ 죽은 λ’€ 1638년도에 읡λͺ…μœΌλ‘œ μΆœνŒλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
likely on account of the number of controversial ideas that it contained,
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μ•„λ§ˆ λ…Όλž€μ΄ λ§Žμ•˜λ˜ 생각듀이 책에 ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ κ·Έλž¬μ„ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
02:34
including an endorsement of the Copernican view of the universe
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ νƒœμ–‘μ„ νƒœμ–‘κ³„ 쀑심에 λ‘”
02:37
that put the Sun at the center of the Solar System,
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μ½”νŽ˜λ₯΄λ‹ˆμΏ μŠ€μ˜ μš°μ£Όκ΄€μ„ μ§€μ§€ν•œλ‹€κ±°λ‚˜
02:39
as well as a pre-Newtonian concept of gravity
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뉴턴 μ΄μ „μ˜ 쀑λ ₯에 κ΄€ν•œ κ°œλ…μœΌλ‘œμ„œ
02:42
that had the idea that the weight of an object
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물체의 λ¬΄κ²ŒλŠ” μ§€κ΅¬λ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ©€μ–΄μ§ˆμˆ˜λ‘ κ°μ†Œν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ°œλ…μ„ μ§€μ§€ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμ£ .
02:45
would decrease with increasing distance from Earth.
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02:48
And that's to say nothing of his idea of a goose machine
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κ±°μœ„λ‘œ λ§Œλ“  κΈ°κ³„λ‘œ 달에 갈 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 생각은
02:51
that could go to the Moon.
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말할 ν•„μš”λ„ μ—†κ² μ£ .
02:53
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:54
And while this idea of a voyage to the Moon by goose machine
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이 κ±°μœ„ 기계λ₯Ό 타고 달에 κ°€λŠ” μ—¬ν–‰κΈ°λŠ”
02:57
might not seem particularly insightful or technically creative to us today,
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였늘 λ‚ μ˜ κ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 톡찰λ ₯ μžˆλ‹€κ±°λ‚˜ 창의적인 κΈ°μˆ λ‘œλŠ” 보이지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
what's important is that Godwin described getting to the Moon not by a dream
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 사싀은 κ³ λ“œμœˆμ΄ λ¬˜μ‚¬ν•œ λ‹¬κΉŒμ§€μ˜ μ—¬ν–‰κΈ°λŠ”
03:06
or by magic, as Johannes Kepler had written about,
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μš”ν•˜λ„€μŠ€ μΌ€ν”ŒλŸ¬κ°€ μ“΄ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ κΏˆμ΄λ‚˜ λ§ˆμˆ μ„ 톡해 κ°€λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
03:09
but rather, through human invention.
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μΈκ°„μ˜ 발λͺ…ν’ˆμ„ ν†΅ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
And it was this idea that we could build machines
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 천ꡭ으둜 갈 수 μžˆλŠ” 발λͺ…ν’ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μƒκ°μ˜ 씨앗이
03:15
that could travel into the heavens,
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03:17
that would plant its seed in minds across the generations.
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μ—¬λŸ¬ μ„ΈλŒ€λ₯Ό μ§€λ‚˜λ©° 우리 λ§ˆμŒμ— μ‹¬μ–΄μ‘Œμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
The idea was next taken up by his contemporary, John Wilkins,
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이 생각을 이어받은 μ‚¬λžŒμ€ λ™μ‹œλŒ€λ₯Ό μ‚΄μ•˜λ˜ μ‘΄ μœŒν‚¨μŠ€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
then just a young student at Oxford,
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λ‹Ήμ‹œ μ˜₯μŠ€ν¬λ“œμ˜ μ Šμ€ ν•™μƒμ΄μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:26
but later, one of the founders of the Royal Society.
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λ‚˜μ€‘μ— μ™•λ¦½ν•™νšŒμ˜ μ„€λ¦½μž 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ 된 인물이죠.
03:29
John Wilkins took the idea of space travel in Godwin's text seriously
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μ‘΄ μœŒν‚¨μŠ€λŠ” κ³ λ“œμœˆμ˜ μš°μ£Όμ—¬ν–‰κΈ°λ₯Ό μ§„μ§€ν•˜κ²Œ λ°›μ•„λ“€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
and wrote not just another story
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κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λŠ” 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 이야기가 μ•„λ‹Œ λ…Όν”½μ…˜ μ² ν•™ 논문을 μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
but a nonfiction philosophical treatise,
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03:39
entitled, "Discovery of the New World in the Moon,
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"달에 μžˆλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 발견
03:41
or, a Discourse Tending to Prove
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λ˜λŠ” κ·Έ 행성에 κ±°μ£Όν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 세계가 μ‘΄μž¬ν•¨μ„
03:44
that 'tis Probable There May Be Another Habitable World in that Planet."
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증λͺ…ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” λ‹΄λ‘ "μ΄λΌλŠ” 제λͺ©μ˜ λ…Όλ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
03:48
And note, by the way, that word "habitable."
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ "κ±°μ£Όν•  수 μžˆλŠ”"μ΄λΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό 주의 깊게 λ΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
03:51
That idea in itself would have been a powerful incentive
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이 λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 동기λ₯Ό λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜μ—¬
03:54
for people thinking about how to build machines that could go there.
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달에 갈 수 μžˆλŠ” 기계λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
In his books, Wilkins seriously considered a number of technical methods
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μœŒν‚¨μŠ€λŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ μ±…μ—μ„œ μš°μ£Όμ—¬ν–‰μ„ μœ„ν•œ
μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 기술적 방식을 κ³ λ €ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
for spaceflight,
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04:02
and it remains to this day the earliest known nonfiction account
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λ˜ν•œ 였늘 λ‚ μ—λŠ” 달에 갈 수 μžˆλŠ” 방법을 κΈ°μˆ ν•œ
04:06
of how we might travel to the Moon.
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졜초의 μ†Œμ„€λ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ 있죠.
04:08
Other stories would soon follow, most notably by Cyrano de Bergerac,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 이야기듀도 이λ₯Ό 곧 λ’€λ”°λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λŒ€ν‘œμ μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œλΌλ…Έ λ“œ λ² λ₯΄μ£ΌλΌν¬μ˜ "λ‹¬μ˜ 이야기"κ°€ 있죠.
04:11
with his "Lunar Tales."
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04:12
By the mid-17th century, the idea of people building machines
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17μ„ΈκΈ° μ€‘λ°˜μ—λŠ”
우주둜 여행을 λ– λ‚˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 기계λ₯Ό 발λͺ…ν•˜λ €λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 생각이
04:15
that could travel to the heavens
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04:18
was growing in complexity and technical nuance.
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λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κ³  기술적인 λ‰˜μ•™μŠ€λ‘œ λ°œμ „λ˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
And yet, in the late 17th century,
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κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  17μ„ΈκΈ° ν›„λ°˜μ—λŠ”
04:25
this intellectual progress effectively ceased.
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이 지적 λ°œμ „μ΄ 사싀상 μ€‘λ‹¨λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
04:28
People still told stories about getting to the Moon,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ λ‹¬λ‘œ 여행을 λ– λ‚˜λŠ” 이야기λ₯Ό ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
04:30
but they relied on the old ideas
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μ˜›λ‚  방식에 μ˜μ§€ν•  λΏμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
or, once again, on dreams or on magic.
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κΏˆμ΄λ‚˜ λ§ˆμˆ κ°™μ€ 것듀 말이죠.
04:36
Why?
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μ™œ κ·Έλž¬μ„κΉŒμš”?
04:37
Well, because the discovery of the laws of gravity by Newton
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λ‰΄ν„΄μ˜ 쀑λ ₯의 λ²•μΉ™μ˜ λ°œκ²¬μ΄λ‚˜
04:41
and the invention of the vacuum pump by Robert Hooke and Robert Boyle
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λ‘œλ²„νŠΈ ν›…κ³Ό λ‘œλ²„νŠΈ 보일의 진곡 νŽŒν”„μ˜ 발λͺ…μœΌλ‘œ 인해
04:46
meant that people now understood
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ κΉ¨λ‹«κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
that a condition of vacuum existed between the planets,
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ν–‰μ„±λ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ—λŠ” 진곡 μƒνƒœκ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ„μš”.
04:50
and consequentially between the Earth and the Moon.
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즉 지ꡬ와 달 사이가 μ§„κ³΅μž„μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ²Œ 된 κ±°μ£ .
04:53
And they had no way of overcoming this,
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이 문제λ₯Ό 극볡할 방법은 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:55
no way of thinking about overcoming this.
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극볡할 방법을 λ– μ˜¬λ¦¬μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ£ .
04:58
And so, for well over a century,
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•œ μ„ΈκΈ° λ™μ•ˆ
05:00
the idea of a voyage to the Moon made very little intellectual progress
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달에 갈 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 생각은 μ•„μ£Ό 쑰금 밖에 λ°œμ „ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
until the rise of the Industrial Revolution
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹€κ°€ μ‚°μ—… 혁λͺ…이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³ 
05:07
and the development of steam engines and boilers
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증기기관과 λ³΄μΌλŸ¬κ°€ κ°œλ°œλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:09
and most importantly, pressure vessels.
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무엇보닀 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 건 μ••λ ₯ μš©κΈ°κ°€ 개발된 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
And these gave people the tools to think about how they could build a capsule
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이듀을 도ꡬ삼아 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ£ .
우주의 진곡에 μ €ν•­ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μΊ‘μŠμ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ§€ μƒκ°ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
that could resist the vacuum of space.
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05:20
So it was in this context, in 1835,
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이런 흐름을 타고 1835년에
05:23
that the next great story of spaceflight was written,
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κ·Έ λ’€λ₯Ό μž‡λŠ” μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μš°μ£Όμ—¬ν–‰κΈ°λ₯Ό μ“΄ μ‚¬λžŒμ€
05:26
by Edgar Allan Poe.
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μ—λ“œκ°€ μ—˜λŸ° ν¬μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
Now, today we think of Poe in terms of gothic poems
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 포λ₯Ό μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄
κ³ λ”•ν’μ˜ μ‹œλ‚˜ κ³ μžμ§ˆν•˜λŠ” 심μž₯, κΉŒλ§ˆκ·€λ₯Ό λ– μ˜¬λ¦¬μ§€λ§Œ
05:31
and telltale hearts and ravens.
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05:34
But he considered himself a technical thinker.
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κ·ΈλŠ” μžμ‹ μ„ 기술적 μ‚¬μƒ‰κ°€λ‘œ μ—¬κ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
He grew up in Baltimore,
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κ·Έκ°€ μžλž€ λ³Όν‹°λͺ¨μ–΄λŠ”
05:38
the first American city with gas street lighting,
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λ―Έκ΅­ 졜초둜 κ°€μŠ€ 전등을 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆλ˜ λ„μ‹œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:40
and he was fascinated by the technological revolution
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ν¬λŠ” 자기 μ£Όλ³€μ—μ„œ λ²Œμ–΄μ§€κ³  있던 기술 ν˜μ‹ λ“€μ— λ§€λ£Œλ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
05:43
that he saw going on all around him.
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05:45
He considered his own greatest work not to be one of his gothic tales
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κ·Έ 슀슀둜 μƒκ°ν•œ 졜고 κ±Έμž‘μ€ 고딕풍 μž‘ν’ˆλ“€μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
05:48
but rather his epic prose poem "Eureka,"
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μ„œμ‚¬μ‹œμΈ "유레카(Eureka)"라고 λ―Ώμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
in which he expounded his own personal view
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κ·ΈλŠ” 이 μ„œμ‚¬μ‹œμ—μ„œ μžμ‹ λ§Œμ˜ μš°μ£Όλ‘ μ„ μƒμ„Έν•˜κ²Œ ν‘œν˜„ν–ˆμ£ .
05:53
of the cosmographical nature of the universe.
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05:57
In his stories, he would describe in fantastical technical detail
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그의 이야기λ₯Ό 보면
기계와 μž₯μΉ˜λ“€μ˜ 기술적 세뢀사항을 λ©‹μ§€κ²Œ λ¬˜μ‚¬ν•΄ λ†“μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:00
machines and contraptions,
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06:02
and nowhere was he more influential in this than in his short story,
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"ν•œμŠ€ νŒ”μ˜ μ „λŒ€λ―Έλ¬Έμ˜ λͺ¨ν—˜"μ΄λΌλŠ” λ‹¨νŽΈ μ†Œμ„€μ—μ„œ
06:06
"The Unparalleled Adventure of One Hans Pfaall."
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이 ν™˜μƒμ μΈ λ¬˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό μ—Ώλ³Ό 수 있죠.
06:10
It's a story of an unemployed bellows maker in Rotterdam,
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이 책은 λ‘œν…Œλ₯΄λ‹΄μ˜ ν•œ μ‹€μ§ν•œ 풀무 μ œμž‘μžμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:13
who, depressed and tired of life -- this is Poe, after all --
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주인곡은 삢에 지쳐 μš°μšΈν•΄ν•˜μ£ . κ²°κ΅­ 포 μžμ‹ μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
06:16
and deeply in debt,
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주인곡은 λΉšλ„ λ§Žμ•˜μ£ .
06:18
he decides to build a hermetically enclosed balloon-borne carriage
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ°€νλœ 수레λ₯Ό 풍선에 λ‹¬μ•„μ„œ 기ꡬλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ°λ‘œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:22
that is launched into the air by dynamite
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κ·Έκ±Έ λ‹€μ΄λ„ˆλ§ˆμ΄νŠΈλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ ν•˜λŠ˜λ‘œ λ°œμ‚¬ν•œ 뒀에
06:25
and from there, floats through the vacuum of space
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 우주의 μ§„κ³΅μ—μ„œ μ—¬ν–‰ν•΄
06:27
all the way to the lunar surface.
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달 ν‘œλ©΄κΉŒμ§€ λ„μ°©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:30
And importantly, he did not develop this story alone,
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 건, κ·ΈλŠ” ν˜Όμžμ„œ 이 이야기λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:33
for in the appendix to his tale,
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κ·Έ 이야기 끝의 λΆ€λ‘μ—μ„œ
06:35
he explicitly acknowledged Godwin's "A Man in the Moone"
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κ³ λ“œμœˆμ˜ '달에 κ°„ μ‚¬λ‚˜μ΄'λ₯Ό μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜λ©°
06:38
from over 200 years earlier
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200λ…„ μ „μ˜ 이야기에 영ν–₯을 λ°›μ•˜λ‹€κ³  λ°ν˜”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
as an influence,
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06:43
calling it "a singular and somewhat ingenious little book."
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λ›°μ–΄λ‚˜κ³  κΈ°λ°œν•˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ ν•œ 책이라고 ν‰κ°€ν–ˆμ£ .
06:47
And although this idea of a balloon-borne voyage to the Moon may seem
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그리고 이 ν’μ„ μœΌλ‘œ 달 여행을 ν•˜λ €λŠ” 생각은
06:51
not much more technically sophisticated than the goose machine,
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κΈ°μˆ μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” κ±°μœ„ κΈ°κ²Œλ³΄λ‹€ νŠΉλ³„ν•΄ 보이지 μ•Šμ•„λ„
06:55
in fact, Poe was sufficiently detailed
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사싀상 ν¬λŠ” λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜λ„ μƒμ„Έν•œ λΆ€λΆ„κΉŒμ§€ 1920년도에
06:58
in the description of the construction of the device
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μž₯치의 μ œμž‘λ²•μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•΄λ‘μ—ˆκ³ 
07:02
and in terms of the orbital dynamics of the voyage
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ν•­ν•΄λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ κΆ€λ„μ—­ν•™κΉŒμ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:05
that it could be diagrammed in the very first spaceflight encyclopedia
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κ·Έ 그림은 1920λ…„λŒ€ μ„Έκ³„μ΅œμ΄ˆμ˜ μš°μ£ΌλΉ„ν–‰ 백과사전에 싀릴 μ •λ„μ˜€μ£ .
07:09
as a mission in the 1920s.
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07:13
And it was this attention to detail, or to "verisimilitude," as he called it,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 세뢀적인 λΆ€λΆ„κ³Ό 그의 λ§λŒ€λ‘œ 'μ‹ λΉ™μ„±'에 λŒ€ν•œ 관심은
07:18
that would influence the next great story:
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λ‹€μŒ 멋진 이야기에 영ν–₯을 μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:20
Jules Verne's "From the Earth to the Moon," written in 1865.
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λ°”λ‘œ 1865λ…„ μ₯˜ λ² λ₯Έμ˜ μ†Œμ„€ 'μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ λ‹¬κΉŒμ§€'κ°€ 그것이죠.
07:24
And it's a story that has a remarkable legacy
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이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” λ›°μ–΄λ‚œ μœ μ‚°μœΌλ‘œ λ‚¨μ•˜κ³ 
07:27
and a remarkable similarity to the real voyages to the Moon
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λ°±λ…„ 뒀에 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ‹€ν˜„λœ 달 탐사와도 λ†€λžŒλ„λ‘ λΉ„μŠ·ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
that would take place over a hundred years later.
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07:32
Because in the story, the first voyage to the Moon takes place from Florida,
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μ™œλƒλ©΄ 이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ—μ„œλŠ”
첫 번째 달 여행이 ν”Œλ‘œλ¦¬λ‹€μ—μ„œ 일어났고
07:37
with three people on board,
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νƒ‘μŠΉμžλŠ” 3λͺ…μ΄μ—ˆκ³ 
07:40
in a trip that takes three days --
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μ—¬ν–‰ 기간은 3μΌκ°„μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:42
exactly the parameters that would prevail during the Apollo program itself.
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μ •ν™•νžˆ λ°”λ‘œ κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ μ•„ν΄λ‘œ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ—μ„œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œμ£ .
07:47
And in an explicit tribute to Poe's influence on him,
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μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œ 영ν–₯을 μ€€ 포에 λŒ€ν•œ 노골적인 μ°¬μ‚¬μ˜ 의미둜
07:50
Verne situated the group responsible for this feat in the book in Baltimore,
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λ² λ₯Έμ€ μœ„μ—…μ„ μ±…μž„μ§ˆ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λ³Όν‹°λͺ¨μ–΄λ‘œ 뢈러λͺ¨μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:54
at the Baltimore Gun Club,
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λ³Όν‹°λͺ¨μ–΄ 건 ν΄λŸ½μ— λͺ¨μΈ 그듀은 'μ—λ“œκ±° 포 μœ„ν•˜μ—¬'λ₯Ό μ™ΈμΉ˜λ©°
07:56
with its members shouting, "Cheers for Edgar Poe!"
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07:58
as they began to lay out their plans for their conquest of the Moon.
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달 μ •λ³΅μ˜ μœ„ν•œ κ³„νšμ„ μ„Έμš°κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ£ .
08:02
And just as Verne was influenced by Poe,
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ² λ₯Έμ΄ 포의 영ν–₯을 λ°›μ•˜λ“―μ΄
08:04
so, too, would Verne's own story go on to influence and inspire
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λ² λ₯Έμ˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ”
1μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ λ‘œμΌ“ κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 영ν–₯κ³Ό μ˜κ°μ„ μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
the first generation of rocket scientists.
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08:10
The two great pioneers of liquid fuel rocketry in Russia and in Germany,
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λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„μ™€ λ…μΌμ˜ λŒ€ν‘œμ μΈ 앑체 μ—°λ£Œ λ‘œμΌ“κ³΅ν•™ κ°œμ²™μžλ“€μΈ
08:13
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and Hermann Oberth,
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μ½˜μŠ€νƒ„ν‹΄ 치올μ½₯μŠ€ν‚€μ™€ ν—€λ₯΄λ§Œ 였베λ₯΄νŠΈλŠ”
08:16
both traced their own commitment to the field of spaceflight
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μžμ‹ λ“€μ΄ 우주 λΉ„ν–‰ 뢄야에 ν—Œμ‹ ν•˜κ²Œ 된 것이
08:19
to their reading "From the Earth to the Moon" as teenagers,
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μ²­μ†Œλ…„λ•Œ 읽은 "μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ λ‹¬κΉŒμ§€" λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λΌκ³  νšŒμƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:22
and then subsequently committing themselves
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κ²°κ΅­ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ ν—Œμ‹ μœΌλ‘œ
08:24
to trying to make that story a reality.
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κ·Έ 이야기λ₯Ό μ‹€ν˜„ν•˜κ³ μž λ…Έλ ₯ν–ˆμ£ .
08:27
And Verne's story was not the only one in the 19th century
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λ² λ₯Έμ˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λ§Œ 19세기에 영ν–₯λ ₯이 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 건 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:30
with a long arm of influence.
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08:32
On the other side of the Atlantic,
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λŒ€μ„œμ–‘ λ°˜λŒ€μͺ½μ—μ„œλŠ”
08:34
H.G. Wells's "War of the Worlds" directly inspired
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H. G. μ›°μŠ€μ˜ 'μš°μ£Όμ „μŸ'이
λ§ˆμ‚¬μΈ„μ„ΈμΈ μ˜ λ‘œλ²„νŠΈ κ³ λ‹€λ“œλΌλŠ” μ³₯λ…„μ—κ²Œ 영ν–₯을 μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:36
a young man in Massachusetts, Robert Goddard.
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08:40
And it was after reading "War of the Worlds"
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μ†Œμ„€ 'μš°μ£Όμ „μŸ'을 읽은 λ’€
κ³ λ‹€λ“œλŠ” 1890λ…„ μ–΄λŠ 날에 일기λ₯Ό λ‚¨κΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:42
that Goddard wrote in his diary,
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08:44
one day in the late 1890s,
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08:46
of resting while trimming a cherry tree on his family's farm
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농μž₯의 μ²΄λ¦¬λ‚˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό 닀듬고 μ‰¬λ˜ 쀑에 μ–΄λ–€ μž₯면이 λ– μ˜¬λžμ£ .
08:49
and having a vision of a spacecraft taking off from the valley below
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μš°μ£Όμ„ μ΄ 골짜기λ₯Ό λ– λ‚˜ ν•˜λŠ˜λ‘œ ν–₯ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:55
and ascending into the heavens.
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08:56
And he decided then and there that he would commit the rest of his life
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그리고 λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έλ•Œ κ²°μ‹¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μžκΈ°κ°€ λ– μ˜¬λžλ˜ μš°μ£Όμ„  κ°œλ°œμ— 남은 평생을 λ°”μΉ  κ±°λΌκ³ μš”.
09:00
to the development of the spacecraft that he saw in his mind's eye.
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09:05
And he did exactly that.
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그리고 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:07
Throughout his career, he would celebrate that day
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νŒ½μƒ λ™μ•ˆ 그날을 κΈ°λ…ν•˜μ—¬ 'μ²΄λ¦¬λ‚˜λ¬΄ 데이'둜 μ •ν•˜κ³ 
09:09
as his anniversary day, his cherry tree day,
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09:12
and he would regularly read and reread the works of Verne and of Wells
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λ² λ₯Έκ³Ό μ›°μŠ€μ˜ 책듀을 읽고 또 읽으며 μžμ‹ μ˜ 영감과 ν—Œμ‹ μ„ λ˜μƒˆκ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:15
in order to renew his inspiration and his commitment
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09:19
over the decades of labor and effort that would be required
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μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μžμ‹ μ˜ κΏˆμ„ μœ„ν•΄ μΌν•˜κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•œ 끝에
09:23
to realize the first part of his dream:
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09:25
the flight of a liquid fuel rocket,
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앑체 μ—°λ£Œ λ‘œμΌ“ λ°œμ‚¬λ₯Ό
09:27
which he finally achieved in 1926.
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1926년에 λ“œλ””μ–΄ μ„±κ³΅ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:30
So it was while reading "From the Earth to the Moon" and "The War of the Worlds"
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ "μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ λ‹¬κΉŒμ§€"와 "μš°μ£Όμ „μŸ"을 μ½μœΌλ©΄μ„œ
우주 λΉ„ν–‰μ˜ 첫 κ°œμ²™μžλ“€μ€
09:34
that the first pioneers of astronautics were inspired to dedicate their lives
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우주 μ—¬ν–‰ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μžμ‹ μ˜ 인생을 λ°”μΉ˜κΈ°λ‘œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:38
to solving the problems of spaceflight.
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그리고 그듀이 남긴 λ…Όλ¬Έλ“€κ³Ό μž‘μ—…λ“€μ€ λ‹€μ‹œ
09:40
And it was their treatises and their works in turn
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09:43
that inspired the first technical communities
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첫 기술개발 μ§‘λ‹¨μ—κ²Œ μ˜κ°μ„ μ£Όμ—ˆκ³ 
09:45
and the first projects of spaceflight,
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첫 우주 λΉ„ν–‰ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ— λ°˜μ˜λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
09:47
thus creating a direct chain of influence
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λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 영감의 고리가 이어진 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:50
that goes from Godwin to Poe to Verne
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κ³ λ“œμœˆμ—μ„œ 포둜, 그리고 λ² λ₯ΈμœΌλ‘œ
09:52
to the Apollo program
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μ•„ν΄λ‘œ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μœΌλ‘œ
09:54
and to the present-day communities of spaceflight.
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ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 우주 λΉ„ν–‰ λ‹¨μ²΄λ‘œ 이어진 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:57
So why I have told you all this?
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그럼 μ™œ μ œκ°€ 이 μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
10:00
Is it just because I think it's cool,
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κ·Έλƒ₯ μ‹ κΈ°ν•œ κ±° κ°™μ•„μ„œ μΌκΉŒμš”?
10:03
or because I'm just weirdly fascinated by stories
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄..
μ œκ°€ 17세기와 19μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ 곡상과학 이야기λ₯Ό μœ λ‚œνžˆ μ’‹μ•„ν•΄μ„œ μΌκΉŒμš”?
10:07
of 17th- and 19th-century science fiction?
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10:10
It is, admittedly, partly that.
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μ–΄λŠ” μ •λ„λŠ” 맞긴 λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:14
But I also think that these stories remind us
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ œκ°€ 보기에 이 이야기듀은
10:16
of the cultural processes driving spaceflight
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μš°μ£ΌλΉ„ν–‰μ„ κ°€λŠ₯μΌ€ ν•œ 문학적 κ³Όμ •λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
10:19
and even technological innovation more broadly.
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더 κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•œ 기술 ν˜μ‹ μ˜ 과정을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:22
As an economist working at NASA,
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NASAμ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λŠ” κ²½μ œν•™μžλ‘œμ„œ
10:24
I spend time thinking about the economic origins
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우주둜 ν–₯ν•˜λŠ” 우리 ν™œλ™μ˜ κ²½μ œν•™μ  기원을 늘 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:26
of our movement out into the cosmos.
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10:29
And when you look before the investments of billionaire tech entrepreneurs
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그리고 기술 κΈ°μ—…λ“€μ˜ μˆ˜μ–΅ μ›μ˜ νˆ¬μžκ°€ 있기 μ „μ΄λ‚˜
10:34
and before the Cold War Space Race,
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λƒ‰μ „μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ 우주 경쟁이 있기 μ „μ΄λ‚˜
10:36
and even before the military investments in liquid fuel rocketry,
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앑체 μ—°λ£Œ λ‘œμΌ“κΈ°μˆ μ— λŒ€ν•œ ꡰ사적 νˆ¬μžκ°€ 있기 μ „μ—λŠ”
10:39
the economic origins of spaceflight are found in stories and in ideas.
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μš°μ£ΌλΉ„ν–‰μ˜ 경제적인 기원을 이야기와 μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄λ“€μ—μ„œ 찾을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:46
It was in these stories that the first concepts for spaceflight were articulated.
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μš°μ£Όμ—¬ν–‰μ˜ κ°œλ…μ΄ κ·Έ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λ“€μ—μ„œ 처음 λ‚˜μ™”κ³ 
10:50
And it was through these stories
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κ·Έ 이야기듀을 톡해
10:51
that the narrative of a future for humanity in space
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우주둜 λ‚˜κ°„ 미래 인λ₯˜λ“€μ˜ 이야기가
10:56
began to propagate from mind to mind,
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ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ—μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ 퍼지기 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ©°
10:58
eventually creating an intergenerational intellectual community
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κ²°κ΅­μ—λŠ” μ„ΈλŒ€λ₯Ό λ›°μ–΄ λ„˜λŠ” 지식 집단을 λ§Œλ“  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:02
that would iterate on the ideas for spacecraft
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μš°μ£Όμ„ μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 아이디어가 λͺ¨μ—¬
11:05
until such a time as they could finally be built.
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κ·Έ 였랜 μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ§€λ‚˜ κ²°κ΅­ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
11:09
This process has now been going on for over 300 years,
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이 과정이 300λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
11:13
and the result is a culture of spaceflight.
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κ·Έ 결과둜 μš°μ£ΌλΉ„ν–‰ λ¬Έν™”κ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:17
It's a culture that involves thousands of people
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수백 λ…„κ°„ 수천 λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 이 문화에 μ°Έμ—¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:19
over hundreds of years.
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11:21
Because for hundreds of years, some of us have looked at the stars
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수백 λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 그듀은 별을 바라보며 λ– λ‚˜κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν–ˆκ³ 
11:25
and longed to go.
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μˆ˜λ°±λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 우리 쀑 μΌλΆ€λŠ”
11:26
And because for hundreds of years,
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11:28
some of us have dedicated our labors
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ν—Œμ‹ μ  λ…Έλ ₯을 κΈ°μšΈμ—¬
11:29
to the development of the concepts and systems
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이 여행을 ν˜„μ‹€λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ κ°œλ…κ³Ό μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:32
required to make those voyages possible.
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11:35
I also wanted to tell you about Godwin, Poe and Verne
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κ³ λ“œμœˆ, 포, λ² λ₯Έμ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆλ˜ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ΄μœ λŠ”
11:38
because I think their stories also tell us of the importance
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ
11:42
of the stories that we tell each other about the future more generally.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기 λ‚˜λˆ„λŠ” 것이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œμ§€ μ•Œ 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:45
Because these stories don't just transmit information or ideas.
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이 이야기듀은 κ·Έμ Έ μƒκ°μ΄λ‚˜ 정보λ₯Ό μ „λ‹¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:49
They can also nurture passions,
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이 이야기듀은 우리의 열정을 λΆˆλŸ¬μΌμœΌν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:52
passions that can lead us to dedicate our lives
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κ·Έ μ—΄μ •μœΌλ‘œ 우리 인생을 바쳐 μ€‘μš”ν•œ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ“€μ„ μ‹€ν˜„μ‹œν‚€μ£ .
11:54
to the realization of important projects.
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11:56
Which means that these stories can and do
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그것은 이 이야기듀이 μ‚¬νšŒμ™€ 기술λ ₯에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  수 μžˆμŒμ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:59
influence social and technological forces
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12:02
centuries into the future.
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수백 λ…„ ν›„μ˜ λ―Έλž˜μ—λ„ 말이죠.
12:05
I think we need to realize this and remember it when we tell our stories.
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우리의 이야기λ₯Ό ν•  λ•Œ 이 사싀을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:09
We need to work hard to write stories
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이야기λ₯Ό μ“°λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:11
that don't just show us the possible dystopian paths we may take
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λ°˜μœ ν† ν”Όμ•„μ  길을 걷게 될 κ°€λŠ₯성을 이야기해선 μ•ˆλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°˜μœ ν† ν”Όμ•„μ  이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆŒμˆ˜λ‘
12:14
for a fear that the more dystopian stories we tell each other,
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12:17
the more we plant seeds for possible dystopian futures.
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λ°˜μœ ν† ν”Όμ•„μ  λ―Έλž˜κ°€ 될 κ°€λŠ₯μ„±μ˜ 씨앗을 뿌릴 μš°λ €κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:21
Instead we need to tell stories that plant the seeds,
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λŒ€μ‹ μ— λ‹€λ₯Έ 씨앗을 심어쀄 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:23
if not necessarily for utopias,
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μœ ν† ν”Όμ•„κΉŒμ§€λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆλ”λΌλ„
12:25
then at least for great new projects of technological, societal
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기술적, μ‚¬νšŒμ , μ œλ„μ  λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ˜ 씨앗 말이죠.
12:29
and institutional transformation.
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12:31
And if we think of this idea that the stories we tell each other
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‚˜λˆ„λŠ” 이야기가 λ―Έλž˜μ— λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό 쀄 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 생각이
12:34
can transform the future
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12:36
is fanciful or impossible,
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ν—ˆκ΅¬μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€κ³  여겨진닀면
12:38
then I think we need to remember the example of this,
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λ°”λ‘œ 이 사둀λ₯Ό κΈ°μ–΅ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:41
our voyage to the Moon,
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달을 ν–₯ν•œ 여행이죠.
12:42
an idea from the 17th century
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17세기에 μ‹œμž‘λœ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 아이디어가
12:45
that propagated culturally for over 300 years
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300λ…„ λ„˜κ²Œ λ¬Έν™”λ‘œμ¨ 이어져왔고
12:49
until it could finally be realized.
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κ²°κ΅­μ—λŠ” μ‹€ν˜„λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:51
So, we need to write new stories,
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자 이제 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 이야기λ₯Ό 써야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:55
stories that, 300 years in the future,
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 300λ…„ 후에
12:57
people will be able to look back upon and remark
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ˜λŒμ•„λ³΄λ©° μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν‰κ°€ν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:00
how they inspired us to new heights and to new shores,
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λˆˆλ†’μ΄μ™€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ§€ν‰μœΌλ‘œ μ–΄λ–€ μ˜κ°μ„ μ£Όμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€
13:03
how they showed us new paths and new possibilities,
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μ–΄λ–€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κΈΈκ³Ό μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ°€λŠ₯성을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€¬λŠ”μ§€
13:07
and how they shaped our world for the better.
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그리고 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 더 λ‚˜μ€ 세상을 그리고 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ 말이죠,
13:09
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:10
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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