The Untapped Energy Source That Could Power the Planet | Jamie C. Beard | TED

65,592 views ใƒป 2021-10-28

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Naama Lieberman ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:12
[Countdown]
0
12788
1168
00:13
[Take action on climate change at countdown.ted.com]
1
13956
2503
ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื 6,000 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก.
00:17
The core of the Earth is 6,000 degrees Celsius.
2
17793
4546
ืื•ืชื” ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื›ืžื• ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ,
00:22
It's the same temperature as the surface of the Sun,
3
22923
2711
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง 150 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ,
00:25
but it's not 94 million miles away,
4
25676
3504
ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืฉืœื ื•.
00:29
like the extra terrestrial sun is.
5
29221
2086
ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืคื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
00:31
It is right here beneath our feet.
6
31348
2628
ื‘ืืžืช, ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื.
00:35
Really, literally right there.
7
35102
2336
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
00:37
But we don't think about this, right?
8
37438
2169
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”,
00:39
I mean, when you go outside,
9
39648
1377
ืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื™ื—ืคื™ื, ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืœื ื ื›ื•ื•ืช.
00:41
you walk barefoot, you don't burn your feet.
10
41025
2461
ืงืจื•ื ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืœื ื™ืื•ืžืŸ,
00:43
The Earth's crust is an incredible insulator,
11
43986
2377
ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ืื“ื™ืจ,
00:46
and it keeps this massive,
12
46405
2378
ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื“ืœื” ืžืชื—ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื”.
00:48
inexhaustible heat source beneath us invisible.
13
48824
3087
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื ืคืขื ื‘ืื™ืกืœื ื“ ืื• ื‘ื”ืจ ื’ืขืฉ ืคืขื™ืœ,
00:52
But if you've ever visited Iceland or an active volcano,
14
52286
4546
ืจืื™ืชื ื’ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื–ืจืžื™ ืงื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ื”.
00:56
you've got geysers and steam vents and lava.
15
56874
3503
ืืœื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ืื“ื™ืจ
01:00
These are surface manifestations of the incredible amount of heat
16
60419
4129
ืฉื ื— ืžืชื—ืชื™ื ื•.
01:04
that lies beneath us.
17
64548
1585
ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•.
01:06
Anywhere and everywhere in the world.
18
66175
2336
ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื“ื•ื— ืขืžื•ืง ืžืื•ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช
01:09
And we don't have to drill very far to reach temperatures
19
69220
3378
ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืœืคื™ ืคืขืžื™ื
01:12
that far exceed what we would need to power the world thousands of times over
20
72598
6632
ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
01:19
for all of civilization.
21
79271
2211
ื“ื™ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘, ืœื?
01:22
Pretty cool, right?
22
82191
1501
ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื•.
01:24
So we got to get to it.
23
84610
2920
ืื™ืš ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”?
01:27
How do we do that?
24
87571
1252
ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื–ื”. ื ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื–ื” ืžื”ืจ.
01:28
Let's tap it. Let's tap it fast.
25
88823
2002
ืื ื™ ืคืขื™ืœื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
01:30
I'm a climate activist.
26
90825
1209
ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ืื’ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
01:32
I am very worried about climate change.
27
92076
2753
ื–ื” ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื™ ืขืจื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”.
01:34
It keeps me up at night.
28
94829
1543
ืื– ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
01:36
So we need to make this happen, right?
29
96372
2502
ืื– ืื™ืš?
01:39
So how?
30
99333
1168
ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื–ื” ื•ื’ื ื”ืฆืขื”.
01:41
So I'm here with good news about that and also a proposition.
31
101293
4171
ื ืฉืžืข ืงื•ื“ื ืืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
01:45
Let's do the good news first.
32
105506
1501
ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—
01:48
There are teams of innovators right now in the field
33
108008
4296
ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:52
that are working on figuring out how to most efficiently
34
112346
3086
ื•ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ืขื ืง ื”ื–ื” ืžืชื—ืชื™ื ื•.
01:55
and effectively tap this enormous heat source beneath us.
35
115432
4046
ื”ื ืจืฆื™ื ืกืคืจื™ื ื˜,
02:00
And they are running sprints,
36
120187
2252
ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืื™ืกืœื ื“.
02:02
and I'm not talking about the type of geothermal that you find in Iceland.
37
122481
4129
ืœื–ื” ืงืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข.
02:06
That's easy to get to.
38
126610
1293
ื–ื” ืจื“ื•ื“, ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—,
02:07
It's shallow, it's close to the surface,
39
127945
2044
ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื ืฆืœื™ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ืช.
02:10
and in those places in the world, we already have geothermal energy.
40
130030
3796
ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ืช ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื–ืžื™ื ื”
02:14
I'm talking about making geothermal energy accessible
41
134243
3503
ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
02:17
anywhere and everywhere in the world that energy is needed.
42
137746
4213
ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
02:22
But in order to do that,
43
142459
1460
ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืœื—ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื
02:23
we've got to figure out how to mimic the conditions
44
143961
3795
ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืื™ืกืœื ื“,
02:27
that occur in places like Iceland, right,
45
147798
2127
ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื’ื™ืฉื”, ืฉืงืœ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ื•ืœืงืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื”.
02:29
that make geothermal easy to tap and extract and harvest.
46
149925
4630
ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ืกืœืขื™ื ื—ืžื™ื,
02:34
And those conditions are hot rocks,
47
154972
3503
ื ืงื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกืœืขื™ื
02:38
pore space in the rocks
48
158517
1794
ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืžืžืœืื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืงื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
02:40
and water filling those pores.
49
160352
2670
ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื ืจืื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื,
02:43
Those conditions seem simple,
50
163480
1419
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
02:44
but they actually occur naturally in very, very few places in the world, right?
51
164940
5005
ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
02:49
And that's why we don't have geothermal energy everywhere.
52
169987
2794
ื”ื™ื ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืจืง ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื.
02:52
We have it in just a few places.
53
172823
2586
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื,
02:55
But the past couple of decades,
54
175910
2419
ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืคื•ืจืฆื™ ื“ืจืš ื‘ืืžืช
02:58
there have been really disruptive and breakthrough technological innovations
55
178370
4338
ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื”ื ื“ืก ืืช ืชืช-ื”ืงืจืงืข
03:02
that enable us to engineer the subsurface
56
182750
2836
ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื ืื“ืžื”.
03:05
to mimic Mother Nature's geothermal.
57
185628
3211
ืื– ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื
03:08
So technological innovations
58
188839
1919
ื›ืžื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื— ื‘ืœื—ืฅ ื•ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื
03:10
like high-pressure and temperature-drilling technologies
59
190799
3003
ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื• ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื ืคื˜ ื•ื’ื– ื‘ื™ื.
03:13
that were developed for offshore oil and gas exploration.
60
193844
4088
ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืงื™ื“ื•ื— ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ,
03:18
Technologies like directional drilling,
61
198224
2585
ืฉื‘ื• ืœื ืงื•ื“ื—ื™ื ืจืง ื™ืฉืจ ืœืžื˜ื”,
03:20
where no longer we can just drill straight down,
62
200851
2503
ืืœื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกื•ื‘ื‘ ื•ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืžืงื“ื—ื”
03:23
but instead we can actually turn and steer drill bits
63
203395
4046
ื›ืš ืฉื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžื™ืงื•ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:27
to reach very precise and specific locations
64
207483
3462
ื‘ืชืช-ื”ืงืจืงืข, ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื“ืžื”.
03:30
in the subsurface, miles underground.
65
210945
3211
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืกื“ื•ืง ืกืœืขื™ื
03:34
And we can also fracture rock now,
66
214198
2711
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ืงื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช
03:36
which means that we can create pore space
67
216909
2669
ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืงื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
03:39
where pore space does not exist naturally.
68
219578
2836
ืื– ืื ืชื™ืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
03:42
So if you take these innovations that I just listed
69
222456
2419
ื•ืชืฉื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื ื™ื—ื“,
03:44
and you put them all together,
70
224875
1460
ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืกื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ืช ื‘ืจืช ื’ื“ื™ืœื”.
03:46
you end up enabling an entirely new breed of scalable geothermal concepts.
71
226335
6048
ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
03:52
Geothermal concepts can be done anywhere in the world.
72
232424
2878
ืื–, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
03:55
So, for instance now,
73
235636
1335
ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื•ื ื“ืกื•ืช EGS.
03:56
we have engineered geothermal systems or EGS.
74
236971
3878
ื‘ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ ื”ื–ื”, ืงื•ื“ื—ื™ื ื›ืžื” ื‘ืืจื•ืช,
04:00
In this concept, several wells are drilled,
75
240891
2586
ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื‘ืืจ, ืกื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืœืข.
04:03
at the bottom of the well the rock is fractured.
76
243477
3045
ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžืื’ืจ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืงืจืงืข.
04:06
It creates a reservoir under the surface.
77
246522
2919
ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืจ ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืžืจืชื™ื—ื™ื ืžื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื“ืžื”.
04:09
Think of it as a pot where you boil your water underground, right?
78
249483
3712
ืžื–ืจื™ืžื™ื ืœืžื˜ื” ื ื•ื–ืœ,
04:13
You send a fluid down,
79
253237
1543
ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืœื—ืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืกื“ืงื™ื.
04:14
it percolates through the fractures.
80
254822
1751
ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื•ื”ื˜,
04:16
It comes back up really hot,
81
256615
1460
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
04:18
and we use it for all sorts of interesting and important things
82
258117
2961
ื›ืžื• ื—ื™ืžื•ื ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
04:21
like heating buildings directly.
83
261078
1585
ืื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื–ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ.
04:22
Or we can run it through a turbine to produce electricity.
84
262663
2753
ืœ-EGS ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
04:25
Now, EGS can take a lot of forms.
85
265457
1669
ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ ื›ืจื’ืข.
04:27
This is an area of intense innovation right now.
86
267167
2711
ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ื“ืก ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื” ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื,
04:29
You can engineer these systems in a variety of ways,
87
269920
2461
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื.
04:32
but the basic concepts stay the same.
88
272381
2002
ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื•ืœืื” ืกื’ื•ืจื”.
04:34
Then we have closed-loop systems.
89
274425
1585
ืœื•ืœืื•ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ.
04:36
Closed loops are pretty new.
90
276051
1377
ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช.
04:37
It's another really hot area of innovation.
91
277428
2377
ืื•ืชื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื•ื EGS,
04:39
Same concept, basic is EGS,
92
279847
1877
ืงื•ื“ื—ื™ื ื‘ืืจ ืื—ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:41
you have one or more wells drilled,
93
281724
1710
ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืื’ืจ ืชืช-ืงืจืงืขื™,
04:43
you create a reservoir underground,
94
283434
1877
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื•ืœืื” ืกื’ื•ืจื”,
04:45
but in closed loops,
95
285352
1335
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืกื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืกืœืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืื’ืจ,
04:46
instead of fracturing to create that reservoir underground,
96
286687
3670
ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื—, ื›ืžื• ืจื“ื™ืื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืกืœืข.
04:50
it's entirely drilled, like a radiator in the rock.
97
290357
3754
ื•ื’ื ืœื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• EGS, ืชืจืื•.
04:54
And they take many forms too, just like EGS, check it out.
98
294153
3253
ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื•ืœืื” ืกื’ื•ืจื” ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืกื•ื‘ื‘
04:57
You can see in closed-loop systems how useful it is to be able to turn
99
297406
4171
ื•ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืงื“ื—, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
05:01
and steer that drill bit right?
100
301577
2169
ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
05:03
Totally enabling in terms of getting these concepts to work.
101
303787
3963
ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืœื•ืœืื•ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช,
05:07
Another really cool aspect of closed-loop systems,
102
307750
3753
ืชื—ื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช,
05:11
another fierce area of innovation right now,
103
311503
3212
ื–ื” ืžื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ืฉื™ืงืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื.
05:14
is what we're putting in these systems as the working fluid to harvest the heat.
104
314715
4463
ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ืžื™ื.
05:19
Most of the time it's water.
105
319178
1918
ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื ืžืฆื ื ื•ื–ืœ ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ื?
05:21
But what if we could optimize a fluid to perform better than water?
106
321722
4129
ืžืชื—ืžื ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ื.
05:25
So it heats up faster than water at lower temperatures than water.
107
325893
3962
ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืœื•ืœืื•ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช
05:29
And the really cool thing about closed loops
108
329897
2085
ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ, ื›ืŸ,
05:32
is the going candidate, right,
109
332024
2961
ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
05:35
one everybody loves right now
110
335027
1668
ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืœืงืฆื™ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืขื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื
05:36
to put in these systems to most efficiently harvest heat
111
336737
3712
ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
05:40
is actually a substance that's the center of our climate angst right now.
112
340491
4546
ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืฉืคืข ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ืฃ.
05:45
It's around us in excess in abundance.
113
345079
2752
ื–ื” ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื•-ื—ืžืฆื ื™.
05:48
It's CO2.
114
348415
1126
ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
05:50
Super cool.
115
350376
1167
ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื, ืœื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ื™ื.
05:52
So then there's hybrids, not the cars, geothermal hybrids.
116
352086
4087
ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช, ื›ืŸ?
05:56
You take the best of both worlds, right?
117
356215
2169
ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืœ
05:58
You get the increased surface area
118
358425
1877
ื•ื”ื—ื•ื ืžืกื“ื™ืงืช ืกืœืขื™ื.
06:00
and heat that you get from fracturing rock.
119
360344
2502
ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื•ืœืื” ืกื’ื•ืจื”
06:02
You combine that with a closed-loop well design
120
362888
2461
ื›ืš ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื ื•ื–ืœ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™.
06:05
so you can use that optimized fluid.
121
365349
2586
ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืžื™ืจื‘ ื”ื—ื•ื,
06:07
The goal of hybrid systems is to extract the most heat,
122
367976
3295
ื•ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ื—.
06:11
minimize drilling costs.
123
371313
1710
ืื– ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื›ืจื’ืข.
06:13
So that's what's happening right now.
124
373565
1794
ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช.
06:15
A lot of innovation.
125
375359
1209
ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืืžืช, ื‘ืืžืช ืžื’ื ื™ื‘.
06:16
It's really, really cool.
126
376610
1794
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
06:18
But these concepts,
127
378445
1585
ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื.
06:20
none of them are without their technology challenges.
128
380072
2794
ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ืจื—.
06:23
But yโ€™all, these are not moonshots.
129
383826
3253
ืœื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ืจื—.
06:27
They are not moonshots.
130
387538
1960
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“
06:29
We are talking about making very incremental changes
131
389957
3670
ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช
06:33
to existing technologies, methods and techniques
132
393669
4379
ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ืงื”.
06:38
with an eye on more hotter and deeper geothermal development.
133
398090
5088
ื•ืืœื” ืœื ืจืง ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
06:43
And these also aren't just ideas.
134
403637
2586
ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืžื“ื’ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
06:46
There are teams right now in the field demonstrating these concepts.
135
406723
4672
ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื›ืžื• Sage Geosystems ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืžื ื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื”.
06:51
Teams like Sage Geosystems, a team that I mentor.
136
411395
3295
ื–ื• ื‘ืืจ ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื–ื”
06:54
This is a well that they are demonstrating this summer
137
414731
3170
ื‘-- ืงืœื˜ื• ืืช ื–ื” -- ื˜ืงืกืก.
06:57
in -- get this -- Texas.
138
417943
2461
ืœื ื‘ืื™ืกืœื ื“, ืœื ื‘ืฆืœืข ื”ืจ ื’ืขืฉ,
07:00
Not in Iceland, not on the side of a volcano,
139
420446
3086
ืœื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื”ืืฉ.
07:03
not in the ring of fire.
140
423574
1167
ื–ื” ืžืจืขื” ื‘ื˜ืงืกืก
07:04
This is a Texas pasture
141
424741
2086
ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ืŸ ืจืžื– ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ื ื”ืื“ื™ืจื™ื
07:06
where you would never suspect the enormous geothermal resources
142
426869
4713
ืฉืžืกืชืชืจื™ื ืœืžื˜ื”.
07:11
that lie below.
143
431623
1544
ื•ื”ื‘ืืจ ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืจ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื ื˜ื•ืฉื” ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื— ื ืคื˜
07:13
And this well is an existing abandoned oil and gas well
144
433208
5839
ืฉื”ื ื”ืชืื™ืžื• ืœื”ื“ื’ืžืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™.
07:19
that they have repurposed for this geothermal demonstration.
145
439047
4130
ืื ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืขื ื”ื”ื“ื’ืžื” ื”ื–ื•,
07:23
If all goes well with this demonstration,
146
443677
2669
ืขื“ 2022, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”,
07:26
by 2022, that is next year,
147
446388
3629
ืชื”ื™ื” ืชื—ื ืช ื›ื— ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ืช ื‘ื˜ืงืกืก.
07:30
they will have a geothermal power plant in Texas.
148
450017
2878
ื™ืฉ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื›ืืœื”, ืฉืงื•ืจื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืฉื˜ื—.
07:33
There are dozens of examples like this, right now in the field.
149
453228
4296
ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื ืง.
07:37
These are all start-ups.
150
457566
1543
ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ืงื”,
07:39
They're out there proving geothermal concepts,
151
459109
2503
ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืงื™ื“ื•ื—ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
07:41
new technologies, new drilling,
152
461653
1877
ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื ื‘ืžืฆื’ืช.
07:43
the concepts that I showed you in the slides.
153
463572
2419
ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืจื ืกื ืก ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™.
07:46
We are in the midst of a geothermal renaissance.
154
466033
3128
ื‘ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
07:49
In the past 18 months,
155
469161
1960
ืงืžื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื˜ืจื˜-ืืคื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ืงื” ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืขืฉืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
07:51
more geothermal start-ups have launched than in the past 10 years combined.
156
471121
4380
ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืกื˜ืจื˜-ืืคื™ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—
07:56
If even one of these start-ups is successful
157
476460
3420
ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื”ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
07:59
at proving a scalable geothermal concept,
158
479922
2544
ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื–ื ืง ืœืžื™ืจื•ืฅ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—
08:02
we are literally off to the races in developing this massive,
159
482508
4337
ืžืงื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืขืฆื•ื, ื ืงื™, ืืžื™ืŸ 24/7 ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
08:06
reliable 24/7 clean energy source anywhere in the world.
160
486845
4380
ื•ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ, ื›ืŸ?
08:11
And by off to the races, I mean that, right?
161
491225
3378
ื›ืื™ืœื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืจื•ืฅ.
08:14
Like, we got to go.
162
494645
1585
ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืคืง, ืฆืจื™ืš ืกื“ืจื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ.
08:16
The clock is ticking, we need scale.
163
496230
1960
ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ืžื•ื“ ืื ื–ื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“,
08:18
It's going to be cute if it works,
164
498232
1626
ืื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™.
08:19
but we've got to have global scale.
165
499858
2503
ืื– ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
08:22
So how do we do that?
166
502361
1835
ื›ืืŸ ืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื”ืฆืขื”.
08:25
It brings me to my proposition.
167
505447
1710
ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉืœื
08:27
So it turns out that there is an industry that is perfectly positioned
168
507991
5965
ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืžื›ืžื” ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื
08:33
to take us from the few geothermal power plants we have today
169
513956
4004
ืœืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ื ืฉื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš.
08:37
to the hundreds of thousands that we need to meet demand.
170
517960
4045
ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ื,
08:43
The industry that everyone loves to hate,
171
523257
4462
ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื“ื•ืื’ ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืœืืงืœื™ื,
08:47
who cares about the environment and climate,
172
527761
3629
ื–ื• ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”.
08:51
is that industry.
173
531431
2002
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ืงื” ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
08:53
To scale geothermal, what do we need to do?
174
533976
3545
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืงื“ื•ื— ืžืชื—ืช ืœืงืจืงืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื”, ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”
08:58
We need to efficiently, effectively and safely drill below the surface
175
538188
4797
ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘.
09:03
over and over and over and over again.
176
543026
3212
ื•ืžื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•?
09:06
And who does that now?
177
546280
1918
ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื•ื”ื’ื– ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
09:08
The oil and gas industry does that now.
178
548240
2085
ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื•ื”ื’ื–
09:11
The oil and gas industry
179
551076
2127
ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื— ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื,
09:13
is a global specialized workforce of millions,
180
553203
5255
ืขื ื›ืžืขื˜ 200 ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช,
09:18
backed by almost 200 years of breakthrough technological innovation,
181
558500
5756
ืฉืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ, ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื—,
09:24
all aimed at exploring for, drilling for
182
564298
4212
ื•ืœื”ืคืงืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืžืง ืชืช-ื”ืงืจืงืข.
09:28
and producing energy from deep underground.
183
568552
3628
ืœื•ื—ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื’, ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืงื™ื“ื•ื— ื™ืจื•ืง.
09:32
You flip the switch and you have green drilling.
184
572556
3920
ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื•ื”ื’ื– ื™ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืฉืœื”ื,
09:37
And oil and gas keeps its current business model,
185
577686
3086
ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืฉืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืคื—ืžื™ืžื ื™ื.
09:40
the business model that keeps them firmly rooted in hydrocarbons now.
186
580814
4630
ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
09:45
They're doing what they know how to do,
187
585485
3379
ื•ื–ื” ืœื—ืคืฉ, ืœืงื“ื•ื—,
09:48
which is exploring for, drilling for
188
588905
2628
ืœื”ืคื™ืง ื ื›ืกื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชืช-ื”ืงืจืงืข.
09:51
and producing a subsurface energy asset.
189
591575
3045
ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™
09:55
But what we're talking about here is a pivot
190
595537
3045
ืžืคื—ืžื™ืžื ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื.
09:58
from hydrocarbons to heat.
191
598582
2878
ื›ื•ื— ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื, ืžืื•ืžื ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื›ืฉืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“
10:02
A global workforce of millions, highly skilled and trained
192
602085
4547
ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
10:06
doesn't need to be retrained.
193
606632
3003
ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
10:10
They can keep doing what they already know how to do.
194
610177
3587
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืขื ืœืžืขืŸ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืงื™ื™ื”.
10:14
But this time around for clean energy.
195
614097
2336
ืื ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื™ื—ื“,
10:16
If we're able to pull this off and team up to do it,
196
616475
2919
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืžืœื ืืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
10:19
we are talking about the ability to meet world energy demand.
197
619436
4213
ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื
10:24
We are talking about the ability over the next few decades
198
624107
3212
ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืจืฉืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ืช
10:27
to put more geothermal energy on the grid
199
627319
3670
ืžืืฉืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ืช ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ื™ื•ื.
10:30
than we currently have in dirty energy.
200
630989
2878
ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื ืคื˜ ื•ื’ื–.
10:34
Geothermal energy at oil and gas scale.
201
634326
3420
ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืžื” ื—ืœืง ืžื›ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
10:38
So I bet I know what some of you are thinking
202
638580
2127
ื›ื™ ื’ื ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื›ื›ื” ืคืขื.
10:40
because I was that person to like, I used to think it.
203
640707
3587
ืื– ืื ื™ ืื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืžืฉื ืœื›ืืŸ.
10:44
And so I will tell you how I got from there to here.
204
644586
3962
ืคืขื ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™
10:49
I used to feel
205
649049
1835
ืฉืจืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขืœื™ื ืืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื•ื”ื’ื–.
10:50
that we just needed to let the oil and gas industry go away.
206
650884
4379
ืื ื™ ืคืขื™ืœื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™,
10:57
So I'm a climate activist and a lifelong environmentalist,
207
657140
4046
ื›ื–ืืช ืฉืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืœืขืฅ ืื ืฆืจื™ืš,
11:01
the kind that would have chained myself to a tree if I needed to,
208
661228
4004
ื›ื–ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื”.
11:05
of that flavor.
209
665232
1251
ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจืชื™ ื•ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืœืขื•ืจื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
11:06
I grew up and got a job, became an energy lawyer
210
666525
2711
ื•ืื– ื™ื–ืžื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”,
11:09
and then an energy entrepreneur,
211
669236
1835
ื•ื”ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ืœืงื—ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœืฉื˜ื— ืœืคืจื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื,
11:11
and entrepreneurship took me out into the field for product deployments,
212
671071
4296
ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื’ืจื” ืขืœ ืืกื“ื•ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ื—.
11:15
and I ended up living on drill rigs.
213
675409
3211
ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช,
11:19
And I had a complete epiphany,
214
679246
2711
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”,
11:21
it was a total mind shift,
215
681998
1919
ื“ืขื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืขืคื• ืžื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ.
11:23
bias out the door.
216
683917
1919
ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื•ื”ื’ื–.
11:26
Because I got to know many individuals in the oil and gas workforce.
217
686336
4505
ื•ื›ืื™ืœื•, ื”ืงืฉื™ื—ื•ืช.
11:31
And y'all that grit.
218
691425
1584
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ื— ื›ืœ ื›ืš.
11:33
I mean, it is incredible grit.
219
693051
2002
ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ.
11:35
Those people are there for it.
220
695512
1919
ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”
11:37
But I also got to know the amazing technological innovations
221
697848
4087
ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
11:41
of that industry.
222
701935
1627
ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืืœื” ื ื›ืกื™ื.
11:43
And what I've come to believe is those are assets.
223
703603
4088
ื›ื•ื— ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช,
11:47
The workforce, the technologies,
224
707733
1918
ื”ื ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื ืฃ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
11:49
they are assets that we can leverage now to solve climate change.
225
709651
4838
ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืœืžื—ื™ื™ืชื™
11:55
So what I do for my job
226
715031
2002
ื”ื•ื ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ื•ื˜ืจื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื•ื”ื’ื– ืœืžืขืŸ ื’ืื•ืชืจืžื™ืงื”.
11:57
is I recruit oil and gas veterans to the cause of geothermal.
227
717033
4797
ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกืคื™ื ื”,
12:02
If we want to turn the ship,
228
722998
2210
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืžืœื—ื™ื.
12:05
we recruit the sailors.
229
725208
1585
ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
12:07
And it's working.
230
727169
1376
ืื– ื™ืฉ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
12:08
So there's good news.
231
728879
1710
ืืชื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืกื˜ืจื˜-ืืคื™ื,
12:10
Do you remember that slide I showed you with all the start-ups,
232
730630
2962
ื”ืกื˜ืจื˜-ืืคื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ืงื” ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—?
12:13
the geothermal start-ups that are in the field?
233
733633
2294
ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ ื ืคื˜ ื•ื’ื– ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ.
12:15
A good many of those teams are actually oil and gas veterans.
234
735969
4004
Sage Geosystems ืขื ื”ื‘ืืจ ื‘ื˜ืงืกืก.
12:20
Sage Geosystems with their Texas well.
235
740265
2920
ื–ื” ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืคื˜ ื•ื’ื–
12:23
That is an all-oil-and-gas team
236
743894
2794
ืขื ื›ืžืขื˜ 300 ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ
12:26
with almost 300 years of collective experience
237
746688
4129
ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• Shell, BP, Halliburton, Weatherford.
12:30
at entities like Shell, BP, Halliburton and Weatherford.
238
750859
4630
ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
12:35
Y'all, that is really interesting, right?
239
755489
2669
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘
12:38
I mean, that world take notice
240
758200
2627
ื›ื™ ืืœื” ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืคื˜ ื•ื’ื– ืฉืžืžืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
12:40
because what this is is oil and gas brains actively reinventing themselves,
241
760869
6381
ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื”ื
12:47
using everything they know
242
767292
2794
ืฉื”ื ืจื›ืฉื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ืคื˜ ื•ื”ื’ื–
12:50
that they learned in their entire oil and gas experience
243
770086
3629
ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
12:53
to solve climate change.
244
773757
2002
ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
12:55
But it's also interesting
245
775759
1543
ื›ื™ ื”ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื–ืžื•ืช,
12:57
because this new flourish of entrepreneur, you know,
246
777302
2878
ื•ื˜ืจื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืคื˜ ื•ื’ื– ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื™ื–ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ืงื”
13:00
oil and gas veteran turned geothermal entrepreneur
247
780180
3337
ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื•ื”ื’ื– ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
13:03
is helping the oil and gas industry engage actively with this problem set.
248
783517
5422
ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ืฉืœ ื ืคื˜ ื•ื’ื–.
13:08
They speak the language of oil and gas.
249
788980
1919
ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืคื˜ ื•ื’ื–.
13:10
They understand the business models of oil and gas.
250
790941
2419
ื”ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ืชืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื
13:13
They are out building partnerships and relationships
251
793360
3211
ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ืคื˜ ื•ื’ื–
13:16
with oil and gas entities
252
796571
1710
ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืืžื•ืŸ ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ
13:18
that are based on decades of trust and experience
253
798281
3128
ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™.
13:21
they have with one another.
254
801409
1377
ื‘ืฉืฉืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื,
13:23
In the past six months,
255
803119
1502
ืกื˜ืจื˜-ืืคื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ืงื” ืกื’ืจื• ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ
13:24
geothermal start-ups have closed more than 100 million dollars in funding deals
256
804663
5881
ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ืคื˜ ื•ื’ื– ื›ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ.
13:30
with oil and gas entities as funding partners.
257
810585
2795
ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขื ืง ื•ืžืจื’ืฉ.
13:34
We are at the beginning of a huge and exciting shift here.
258
814506
4629
ืื ืืœื” ื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืคื˜ ื•ื”ื’ื–
13:39
If it's the best and brightest minds in oil and gas
259
819553
2919
ืฉืžืฉื™ืงื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ืงื”,
13:42
who are off launching geothermal companies,
260
822514
2919
ืื– ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ
13:45
then y'all, this very well may be
261
825475
1877
ืฉื–ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื•ื”ื’ื–.
13:47
the future of the oil and gas industry itself.
262
827352
3462
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืœื™.
13:50
But here's my worry.
263
830856
1334
ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื ืคื˜ ื•ื’ื– ื™ืชืคืกื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื›ื•ืช, ื™ื™ืงื—ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืžื”ืจ,
13:52
So say oil and gas grabs the reins here, takes us to global scale fast,
264
832899
3796
ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช.
13:56
exponential growth.
265
836695
1293
ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืจืฉืช ื˜ืจื”-ื•ื•ืื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ืช.
13:57
We put terawatts of geothermal energy on the grid.
266
837988
3837
ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืจื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”?
14:02
Are we going to fight about this?
267
842742
1836
ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ืงื”
14:06
The thing that I love about geothermal
268
846204
2711
ื–ื” ืฉื ืคืชื—ืช ื“ืจืš ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขืฆืžื ื•, ื›ืŸ?
14:08
is that it gives us all a way around ourselves, right?
269
848957
4087
ื“ืจืš ืขื•ืงืคืช ืงื™ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
14:13
A way around extreme polarization.
270
853044
2711
ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืงื•ื“ื—ื™ื,
14:17
Environmentalists and drillers,
271
857007
2419
ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื, ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืืœ,
14:19
dogs and cats, right and left,
272
859426
2294
ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
14:21
we all get what we want.
273
861761
3546
ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืฉื”,
14:25
Clean energy where we need it,
274
865348
2461
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื ืคืชืจ,
14:27
climate change solved,
275
867851
1877
ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืคืชืจ
14:29
energy poverty solved
276
869769
1836
ื•ื”ืงื•ื“ื—ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ื—.
14:31
and drillers keep drilling.
277
871646
2253
ืื ื ื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื
14:34
If we build the right collaborations here
278
874274
2502
ื•ื ืชืื—ื“ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ,
14:36
and unite behind a shared vision,
279
876776
2711
ื ืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘-30 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
14:39
we solve energy in the next 30 years.
280
879529
3921
ื ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—
14:43
We change the conversation
281
883450
2002
ืžื“ืื’ื” ืื ื•ืื™ืš ื ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืฉืœ 2050
14:45
from worrying about whether we're going to meet 2050 climate goals
282
885452
5422
ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื”ื ื ืจืื™ื ื“ื™ ืขืฆืœื ื™ื™ื.
14:50
to how they look kind of lazy.
283
890874
2794
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
14:54
We can do this.
284
894127
2002
ืฆืจื™ืš ืจืง ืœืงื“ื•ื— ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ.
14:57
We've just got to drill the limit.
285
897130
3295
ืชื•ื“ื”.
15:01
Thank you.
286
901468
1126
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
15:02
(Applause)
287
902636
3044
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7