The Untapped Energy Source That Could Power the Planet | Jamie C. Beard | TED

65,592 views ใƒป 2021-10-28

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Joy Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:12
[Countdown]
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00:13
[Take action on climate change at countdown.ted.com]
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00:17
The core of the Earth is 6,000 degrees Celsius.
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์„ญ์”จ 6์ฒœ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
It's the same temperature as the surface of the Sun,
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ํƒœ์–‘ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜จ๋„์ด์ง€์š”.
00:25
but it's not 94 million miles away,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1์–ต 5์ฒœ๋งŒkm ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
00:29
like the extra terrestrial sun is.
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์ € ํ•˜๋Š˜์˜ ํƒœ์–‘์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
00:31
It is right here beneath our feet.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ‘์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:35
Really, literally right there.
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์ง„์งœ, ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ‘์—์š”.
00:37
But we don't think about this, right?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋Š๋ผ์ง„ ์•Š์ง€์š”?
00:39
I mean, when you go outside,
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์ œ ๋ง์€, ๋ฐ–์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ๋งจ๋ฐœ๋กœ ๊ฑท๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
00:41
you walk barefoot, you don't burn your feet.
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๋ฐœ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ด ๋ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ž–์•„์š”.
00:43
The Earth's crust is an incredible insulator,
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์ง€๊ฐ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๋‹จ์—ด์žฌ์˜ˆ์š”.
00:46
and it keeps this massive,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋ž˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด ์—ด์›์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•ด์ฃผ์ฃ .
00:48
inexhaustible heat source beneath us invisible.
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00:52
But if you've ever visited Iceland or an active volcano,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ด์Šฌ๋ž€๋“œ๋‚˜ ํ™œํ™”์‚ฐ์— ๊ฐ€ ๋ดค๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:56
you've got geysers and steam vents and lava.
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๊ฐ„ํ—์ฒœ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฆ๊ธฐ ๋ถ„์ถœ๊ตฌ, ์šฉ์•”์„ ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:00
These are surface manifestations of the incredible amount of heat
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ์—ด์ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
01:04
that lies beneath us.
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01:06
Anywhere and everywhere in the world.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋‚˜์š”.
01:09
And we don't have to drill very far to reach temperatures
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„
01:12
that far exceed what we would need to power the world thousands of times over
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ๋ช…์„ ์›€์ง์ผ ๋™๋ ฅ์›์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋„,
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋„์— ๋‹ฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
for all of civilization.
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01:22
Pretty cool, right?
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์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง€์ฃ ?
01:24
So we got to get to it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ฟ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
How do we do that?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
01:28
Let's tap it. Let's tap it fast.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ , ๋นจ๋ฆฌ์š”.
01:30
I'm a climate activist.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
I am very worried about climate change.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:34
It keeps me up at night.
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๋ฐค์„ ์ง€์ƒˆ์šธ ์ •๋„์ฃ .
01:36
So we need to make this happen, right?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ผญ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
01:39
So how?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ?
01:41
So I'm here with good news about that and also a proposition.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
Let's do the good news first.
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
01:48
There are teams of innovators right now in the field
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ํ˜„์žฅ์—๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ˜์‹ ๊ฐ€๋“ค ํŒ€์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฟ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:52
that are working on figuring out how to most efficiently
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ,
01:55
and effectively tap this enormous heat source beneath us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋ž˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์—ด์›์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ• ์ง€ ๊ถ๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
And they are running sprints,
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์ด ํŒ€๋“ค์€ ์ง„์ฒ™์ด ๋น ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
and I'm not talking about the type of geothermal that you find in Iceland.
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์•„์ด์Šฌ๋ž€๋“œ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
02:06
That's easy to get to.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด ์–ป๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์ฃ .
02:07
It's shallow, it's close to the surface,
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๊นŠ์ด๋„ ์–•๊ณ , ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์š”.
02:10
and in those places in the world, we already have geothermal energy.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ง€์—ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:14
I'm talking about making geothermal energy accessible
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ง€์—ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋“ ,
02:17
anywhere and everywhere in the world that energy is needed.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:22
But in order to do that,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
02:23
we've got to figure out how to mimic the conditions
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์•„์ด์Šฌ๋ž€๋“œ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€
02:27
that occur in places like Iceland, right,
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๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ด ๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
that make geothermal easy to tap and extract and harvest.
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์ง€์—ด์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์„œ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜ํ™•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด์š”.
02:34
And those conditions are hot rocks,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€
๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ฐ”์œ„,
02:38
pore space in the rocks
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๋ฐ”์œ„์— ๋‚œ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ๋“ค,
02:40
and water filling those pores.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
Those conditions seem simple,
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
02:44
but they actually occur naturally in very, very few places in the world, right?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
And that's why we don't have geothermal energy everywhere.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฌด ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์ง€์š”.
02:52
We have it in just a few places.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
But the past couple of decades,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„,
02:58
there have been really disruptive and breakthrough technological innovations
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ‹€์„ ๊นจ๋Š”, ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ง„๋ณด๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
that enable us to engineer the subsurface
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ‘œ ์•„๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
03:05
to mimic Mother Nature's geothermal.
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๋Œ€์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์ง€์—ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:08
So technological innovations
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๊ณ ์•• ๊ณ ์˜จ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง„๋ณด์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด
03:10
like high-pressure and temperature-drilling technologies
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03:13
that were developed for offshore oil and gas exploration.
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์—ฐ์•ˆ ์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ํƒ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
Technologies like directional drilling,
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์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ
03:20
where no longer we can just drill straight down,
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์ˆ˜์ง์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ํŒŒ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ
03:23
but instead we can actually turn and steer drill bits
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๊ธฐ ๋‚ ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด
03:27
to reach very precise and specific locations
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์•„์ฃผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ํŠน์ • ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
03:30
in the subsurface, miles underground.
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๋ช‡ km ์ง€ํ•˜์—์„œ์š”.
03:34
And we can also fracture rock now,
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๋˜ํ•œ, ์ด์ œ ๋ฐ”์œ„์— ๊ท ์—ด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:36
which means that we can create pore space
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๋ฐ”์œ„์— ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
where pore space does not exist naturally.
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์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„์š”.
03:42
So if you take these innovations that I just listed
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„
03:44
and you put them all together,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ฉ์ณ ๋ณด๋ฉด
03:46
you end up enabling an entirely new breed of scalable geothermal concepts.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜,
ํ™•์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ, ์ง€์—ด์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:52
Geothermal concepts can be done anywhere in the world.
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์„ธ์ƒ ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋“  ์‹คํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง€์—ด์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„์š”.
03:55
So, for instance now,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
03:56
we have engineered geothermal systems or EGS.
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€์—ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ์ฆ‰ EGS๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
In this concept, several wells are drilled,
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์ด ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ ๋šซ๊ณ 
04:03
at the bottom of the well the rock is fractured.
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๊ตฌ๋ฉ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ„์— ๊ท ์—ด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
It creates a reservoir under the surface.
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์ด๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ง€ํ•˜์— ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€์ง€์š”.
04:09
Think of it as a pot where you boil your water underground, right?
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์ง€ํ•˜์— ๋ฌผ ๋“์ด๋Š” ๋ƒ„๋น„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
You send a fluid down,
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์•ก์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉด ๊ท ์—ด์— ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์›Œ์ ธ์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
it percolates through the fractures.
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04:16
It comes back up really hot,
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04:18
and we use it for all sorts of interesting and important things
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์— ์“ฐ์ฃ .
04:21
like heating buildings directly.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์ง์ ‘ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ์—์š”.
04:22
Or we can run it through a turbine to produce electricity.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ„ฐ๋นˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ ค์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
Now, EGS can take a lot of forms.
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EGS๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:27
This is an area of intense innovation right now.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์ด์ง€์š”.
04:29
You can engineer these systems in a variety of ways,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:32
but the basic concepts stay the same.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
04:34
Then we have closed-loop systems.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ์‡„ ์ˆœํ™˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:36
Closed loops are pretty new.
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ํ์‡„ ์ˆœํ™˜์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ตœ์‹ ์ด์—์š”.
04:37
It's another really hot area of innovation.
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์—ญ์‹œ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ฃ .
04:39
Same concept, basic is EGS,
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EGS๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐœ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
you have one or more wells drilled,
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๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ ๋šซ๊ณ  ์ง€ํ•˜์— ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
you create a reservoir underground,
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04:45
but in closed loops,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ์‡„ ์ˆœํ™˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€์šฉ ๊ตฐ์—ด์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
04:46
instead of fracturing to create that reservoir underground,
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04:50
it's entirely drilled, like a radiator in the rock.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋šซ์–ด์„œ ๋ฐ”์œ„ ์†์˜ ๋ผ๋””์—์ดํ„ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
And they take many forms too, just like EGS, check it out.
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EGS์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ์‡„ ์ˆœํ™˜๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:57
You can see in closed-loop systems how useful it is to be able to turn
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ํ์‡„ ์ˆœํ™˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๊ธฐ ๋‚ ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ
05:01
and steer that drill bit right?
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:03
Totally enabling in terms of getting these concepts to work.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค์ด ์‹คํ˜„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:07
Another really cool aspect of closed-loop systems,
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ํ์‡„ ์ˆœํ™˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ ์€,
05:11
another fierce area of innovation right now,
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์—ญ์‹œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์น˜์—ดํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
05:14
is what we're putting in these systems as the working fluid to harvest the heat.
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์—ด์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์“ฐ๋Š” ์•ก์ฒด๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
Most of the time it's water.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฌผ์ด์ฃ .
05:21
But what if we could optimize a fluid to perform better than water?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์•ก์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
05:25
So it heats up faster than water at lower temperatures than water.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ์•ก์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์—ด์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
05:29
And the really cool thing about closed loops
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ํ์‡„ ์ˆœํ™˜์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ ์€
05:32
is the going candidate, right,
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๊ทธ ์•ก์ฒด ํ›„๋ณด๊ตฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
one everybody loves right now
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
05:36
to put in these systems to most efficiently harvest heat
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ด์„ ์ˆ˜ํ™•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€
05:40
is actually a substance that's the center of our climate angst right now.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด์ฃ .
05:45
It's around us in excess in abundance.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๊ณผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
It's CO2.
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CO2์˜ˆ์š”.
05:50
Super cool.
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์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง€์ฃ .
05:52
So then there's hybrids, not the cars, geothermal hybrids.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋„ค์š”, ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง€์—ด ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์š”.
05:56
You take the best of both worlds, right?
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๋‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์ ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:58
You get the increased surface area
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๊ท ์—ด์ด ์ƒ๊ธด ๋ฐ”์œ„๋กœ ์ ‘์ด‰๋ฉด์ด ๋” ๋„“์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
06:00
and heat that you get from fracturing rock.
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์—ด๋„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์–ป์ฃ .
06:02
You combine that with a closed-loop well design
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ํ์‡„ ์ˆœํ™˜ ๋””์ž์ธ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ•ฉ์ณ์„œ
06:05
so you can use that optimized fluid.
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์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ์•ก์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
The goal of hybrid systems is to extract the most heat,
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ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ์˜ ์—ด์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ณ 
06:11
minimize drilling costs.
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๊ตด์ฐฉ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
So that's what's happening right now.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
06:15
A lot of innovation.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํ˜์‹ ๋“ค์ด์š”.
06:16
It's really, really cool.
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์ •๋ง ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ ธ์š”.
06:18
But these concepts,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค ์ค‘
06:20
none of them are without their technology challenges.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
But yโ€™all, these are not moonshots.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํ—ˆํ™ฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
They are not moonshots.
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ํ—ˆํ™ฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
06:29
We are talking about making very incremental changes
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
06:33
to existing technologies, methods and techniques
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๋งค์šฐ ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
with an eye on more hotter and deeper geothermal development.
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๋” ๋œจ๊ฒ๊ณ  ๋” ๊นŠ์€ ์ง€์—ด ๋ฐœ์ „์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
06:43
And these also aren't just ideas.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
There are teams right now in the field demonstrating these concepts.
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ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‹น์žฅ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค์„ ์‹œํ˜„ํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ํŒ€๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:51
Teams like Sage Geosystems, a team that I mentor.
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์„ธ์ด์ง€ ์ง€์˜ค์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŒ€์ด์š”, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ํŒ€์ด์ฃ .
06:54
This is a well that they are demonstrating this summer
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํŒ€์ด ์˜ฌ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋šซ๋˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
06:57
in -- get this -- Texas.
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ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
Not in Iceland, not on the side of a volcano,
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์•„์ด์Šฌ๋ž€๋“œ๋‚˜ ํ™”์‚ฐ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์š”.
07:03
not in the ring of fire.
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๋ถˆ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
07:04
This is a Texas pasture
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค์˜ ์ดˆ์›์ด์ฃ ,
07:06
where you would never suspect the enormous geothermal resources
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์—ด ์ž์›์„ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
that lie below.
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07:13
And this well is an existing abandoned oil and gas well
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์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๋”๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์œ ์ •์ด์ž ๊ฐ€์Šค์ •์ด์ฃ .
07:19
that they have repurposed for this geothermal demonstration.
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์ง€์—ด ์‹œํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
If all goes well with this demonstration,
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์ด ์‹œํ˜„์ด ์ž˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:26
by 2022, that is next year,
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2022๋…„์ฏค, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‚ด๋…„์ฏค
07:30
they will have a geothermal power plant in Texas.
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ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค์— ์ง€์—ด ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:33
There are dozens of examples like this, right now in the field.
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ํ˜„์žฅ์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
These are all start-ups.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฐฝ์—… ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
07:39
They're out there proving geothermal concepts,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์—ด ๊ฐœ๋…,
07:41
new technologies, new drilling,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ตด์ฐฉ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ,
07:43
the concepts that I showed you in the slides.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
07:46
We are in the midst of a geothermal renaissance.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ง€์—ด ๋ฅด๋„ค์ƒ์Šค์˜ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
In the past 18 months,
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์ง€๋‚œ 18๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ
07:51
more geothermal start-ups have launched than in the past 10 years combined.
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์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„์„ ํ•ฉ์นœ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์—ด ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ์—…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
If even one of these start-ups is successful
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์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ด ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:59
at proving a scalable geothermal concept,
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08:02
we are literally off to the races in developing this massive,
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์ด ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ฒญ์ • ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์„
08:06
reliable 24/7 clean energy source anywhere in the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋“  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
And by off to the races, I mean that, right?
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๊ฒฝ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์€ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
Like, we got to go.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
08:16
The clock is ticking, we need scale.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.
08:18
It's going to be cute if it works,
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๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.
08:19
but we've got to have global scale.
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08:22
So how do we do that?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:25
It brings me to my proposition.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ์ด ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
So it turns out that there is an industry that is perfectly positioned
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:33
to take us from the few geothermal power plants we have today
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ด ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์—์„œ
08:37
to the hundreds of thousands that we need to meet demand.
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์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•  ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง€์—ด ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ์ค„ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด์š”.
08:43
The industry that everyone loves to hate,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ”ํžˆ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์ด์ง€์š”.
08:47
who cares about the environment and climate,
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ฅผ ์—ผ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
08:51
is that industry.
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์‹ซ์–ดํ•  ๊ทธ ์‚ฐ์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
To scale geothermal, what do we need to do?
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์ง€์—ด์„ ์‚ฌ์—…ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ญ˜ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:58
We need to efficiently, effectively and safely drill below the surface
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ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๋šซ๊ณ 
09:03
over and over and over and over again.
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๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
And who does that now?
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:08
The oil and gas industry does that now.
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์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
The oil and gas industry
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์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์‚ฐ์—…์€
09:13
is a global specialized workforce of millions,
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์ „๋ฌธํ™”๋œ ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช… ์žˆ๊ณ 
09:18
backed by almost 200 years of breakthrough technological innovation,
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์•ฝ 200๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ง„๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:24
all aimed at exploring for, drilling for
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตด์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ
09:28
and producing energy from deep underground.
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์ € ๊นŠ์€ ์ง€ํ•˜์—์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜์ฃ .
09:32
You flip the switch and you have green drilling.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
And oil and gas keeps its current business model,
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์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
09:40
the business model that keeps them firmly rooted in hydrocarbons now.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ์— ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฐ•์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•œ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด์š”.
09:45
They're doing what they know how to do,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜์ฃ .
09:48
which is exploring for, drilling for
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ํƒ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตด์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ 
09:51
and producing a subsurface energy asset.
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์ง€ํ•˜์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ž์›์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:55
But what we're talking about here is a pivot
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ์—์„œ ์—ด๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ถ•์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
from hydrocarbons to heat.
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10:02
A global workforce of millions, highly skilled and trained
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๊ณ ๋„๋กœ ์ˆ™๋‹ฌ๋˜๊ณ  ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋ฐ›์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์ธ๋ ฅ์€
10:06
doesn't need to be retrained.
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์žฌ๊ต์œก๋„ ํ•„์š” ์—†์ฃ .
10:10
They can keep doing what they already know how to do.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•„๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
But this time around for clean energy.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ์ฒญ์ • ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:16
If we're able to pull this off and team up to do it,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ์„ ์ด๋ค„๋‚ด๊ณ  ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด.
10:19
we are talking about the ability to meet world energy demand.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
We are talking about the ability over the next few decades
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋ช‡์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:27
to put more geothermal energy on the grid
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ค์—ผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ
10:30
than we currently have in dirty energy.
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์ง€์—ด๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
Geothermal energy at oil and gas scale.
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์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ๋งž๋จน๋Š” ์ง€์—ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
So I bet I know what some of you are thinking
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
10:40
because I was that person to like, I used to think it.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”,
10:44
And so I will tell you how I got from there to here.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
10:49
I used to feel
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
10:50
that we just needed to let the oil and gas industry go away.
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์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์—†์• ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
So I'm a climate activist and a lifelong environmentalist,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„ ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€์ด๋ฉฐ ํ‰์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€์˜€์ฃ .
11:01
the kind that would have chained myself to a tree if I needed to,
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ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ € ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ๋ฌถ์–ด๋†“์•˜์„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€๋ฅ˜์˜€์–ด์š”.
11:05
of that flavor.
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11:06
I grew up and got a job, became an energy lawyer
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์ €๋Š” ์ปค์„œ ์ง์—…์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๊ณ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:09
and then an energy entrepreneur,
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
11:11
and entrepreneurship took me out into the field for product deployments,
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์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ™œ์€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์ž ๋ฐฐ์น˜์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค ์คฌ๊ณ ,
11:15
and I ended up living on drill rigs.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ์žฅ๋น„ ์œ„์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:19
And I had a complete epiphany,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
it was a total mind shift,
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์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜€์ฃ .
11:23
bias out the door.
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ํŽธ๊ฒฌ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”์š”.
11:26
Because I got to know many individuals in the oil and gas workforce.
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์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
And y'all that grit.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํˆฌ์ง€๋„์š”.
11:33
I mean, it is incredible grit.
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๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํˆฌ์ง€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
Those people are there for it.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํˆฌ์ง€๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:37
But I also got to know the amazing technological innovations
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ง„๋ณด๋„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
of that industry.
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11:43
And what I've come to believe is those are assets.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‚ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์ฃ .
11:47
The workforce, the technologies,
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์ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด์š”.
11:49
they are assets that we can leverage now to solve climate change.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:55
So what I do for my job
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€
11:57
is I recruit oil and gas veterans to the cause of geothermal.
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์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์ˆ™๋ จ์ž๋“ค์„ ์ง€์—ด ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
If we want to turn the ship,
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๋ฐฐ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:05
we recruit the sailors.
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์„ ์›์„ ๋ชจ์ง‘ํ•ด์•ผ์ฃ .
12:07
And it's working.
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์ผ์€ ์ž˜ ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:08
So there's good news.
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
Do you remember that slide I showed you with all the start-ups,
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์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์—์„œ ์ฐฝ์—… ๋ฒค์ฒ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
12:13
the geothermal start-ups that are in the field?
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ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์ง€์—ด ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ฐฝ์—… ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๋“ค์ด์š”.
12:15
A good many of those teams are actually oil and gas veterans.
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๊ทธ ํŒ€๋“ค ์ค‘ ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์ˆ™๋ จ์ž์ด์ง€์š”.
12:20
Sage Geosystems with their Texas well.
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ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค ์œ ์ •์˜ ์„ธ์ด์ง€ ์ง€์˜ค์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
12:23
That is an all-oil-and-gas team
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๊ทธ ํŒ€๋„ ์ „์›์ด ์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋ฒ ํ…Œ๋ž‘์ด์ง€์š”.
12:26
with almost 300 years of collective experience
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๊ฑฐ์˜ 300๋…„์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ•์ ๋œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ค,
12:30
at entities like Shell, BP, Halliburton and Weatherford.
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์…ธ, BP, ํ•ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„ํŠผ๊ณผ ์›จ๋”ํฌ๋“œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—…์ฒด์— ์ถ•์ ๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:35
Y'all, that is really interesting, right?
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์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€์š”?
12:38
I mean, that world take notice
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์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
because what this is is oil and gas brains actively reinventing themselves,
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์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋“ค์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
12:47
using everything they know
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ์š”,
12:50
that they learned in their entire oil and gas experience
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์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
12:53
to solve climate change.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:55
But it's also interesting
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๋˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋ฐ,
12:57
because this new flourish of entrepreneur, you know,
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์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๋ฒˆ์ฐฝ,
13:00
oil and gas veteran turned geothermal entrepreneur
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์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์ˆ™๋ จ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ง€์—ด ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ณ€๋ชจํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฒˆ์ฐฝ์€
13:03
is helping the oil and gas industry engage actively with this problem set.
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์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋•๊ธฐ ๋–„๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
They speak the language of oil and gas.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์•Œ์ง€์š”.
13:10
They understand the business models of oil and gas.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:13
They are out building partnerships and relationships
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์—…์ฒด๋“ค๊ณผ ์ œํœด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
with oil and gas entities
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13:18
that are based on decades of trust and experience
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์Œ“์•„ ์™”๋˜ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
13:21
they have with one another.
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13:23
In the past six months,
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์ง€๋‚œ 6๊ฐœ์›”๊ฐ„ ์ง€์—ด ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ฐฝ์—… ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๋“ค์€
13:24
geothermal start-ups have closed more than 100 million dollars in funding deals
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1์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž ํ˜‘์•ฝ์„ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
with oil and gas entities as funding partners.
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์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์—…์ฒด๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
13:34
We are at the beginning of a huge and exciting shift here.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ „ํ™˜์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
If it's the best and brightest minds in oil and gas
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์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์—…๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์ด
13:42
who are off launching geothermal companies,
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์ง€์—ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋ฉด
13:45
then y'all, this very well may be
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์ด๋Š” ์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์‚ฐ์—… ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
the future of the oil and gas industry itself.
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13:50
But here's my worry.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •๋˜๋Š” ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:52
So say oil and gas grabs the reins here, takes us to global scale fast,
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์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์—…๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋„๊ถŒ์„ ์ฅ”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด ๋ณด์ฃ ,
์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
exponential growth.
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13:57
We put terawatts of geothermal energy on the grid.
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ํ…Œ๋ผ์™€ํŠธ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ง์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
Are we going to fight about this?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์— ์ด์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
14:06
The thing that I love about geothermal
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์ง€์—ด์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
14:08
is that it gives us all a way around ourselves, right?
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์ง€์—ด์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธธ์„ ์—ด์–ด์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
A way around extreme polarization.
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๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์–‘๊ทนํ™”๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•  ๊ธธ์„์š”.
14:17
Environmentalists and drillers,
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ตด์ฐฉ์—…์ž,
14:19
dogs and cats, right and left,
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๊ฐœ์™€ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด, ์ขŒ์™€ ์šฐ,
14:21
we all get what we want.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์–ป์ฃ .
14:25
Clean energy where we need it,
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ์ฒญ์ • ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
14:27
climate change solved,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ
14:29
energy poverty solved
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋นˆ๊ณค์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜๊ณ 
14:31
and drillers keep drilling.
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๊ตด์ฐฉ์—…์ž๋Š” ๊ตด์ฐฉ์„ ๊ณ„์† ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
If we build the right collaborations here
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
14:36
and unite behind a shared vision,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ™์€ ํฌ๋ง ์•„๋ž˜ ์—ฐํ•ฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:39
we solve energy in the next 30 years.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ 30๋…„์•ˆ์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:43
We change the conversation
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๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ
14:45
from worrying about whether we're going to meet 2050 climate goals
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2050๋…„์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ
14:50
to how they look kind of lazy.
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๊ทธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋Š์Šจํ•ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
We can do this.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
We've just got to drill the limit.
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ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋šซ์–ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
15:01
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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