What the Fossil Fuel Industry Doesn't Want You To Know | Al Gore | TED

Translator: Kalaivani Kalaivani Reviewer: Intan Andini

The most important question these days

Pertanyaan yang paling penting belakangan ini:

is how can we speed up the solutions to the climate crisis?

bagaimana mempercepat solusi untuk krisis iklim?

I'm convinced we are going to solve the climate crisis.

Saya yakin kita akan memecahkan masalah krisis iklim.

We've got this.

Kita bisa.

But the question remains, will we solve it in time?

Tapi pertanyaannya: bisakah dipecahkan sebelum habis waktu?

Others have said we're kind of in a race.

Ada yang berkata kita seperti dalam lomba.

I'll give you the the shortest definition of the problem.

Saya berikan pengertian terpendek masalah ini.

If I was going to give a one-slide slide show, it would be this slide.

Jika harus beri presentasi satu halaman, halaman ini yang saya pilih.

That's the troposphere, the lowest part of the atmosphere.

Itu troposfer, lapisan atmosfer terendah.

And you already know why it's blue.

Kalian tahu mengapa lapisan itu biru.

That's the oxygen that refracts the blue light.

Karena pembiasan cahaya biru oleh oksigen.

And if you could drive a car at highway speed straight up in the air,

Jika kalian mengendarai mobil lurus ke atas dengan kecepatan seperti di tol,

you'd get to the top of that blue line in about five to seven minutes.

kalian sampai di atas garis biru itu sekitar 5 sampai 7 menit.

You could walk it in an hour.

Kalau jalan kaki, dalam 1 jam.

And all of the greenhouse gas pollution is below you.

Dan semua polusi gas rumah kaca berada di bawah kalian.

That's what we're using as an open sewer.

Itulah yang kita gunakan sebagai parit.

That's the problem.

Itulah masalahnya.

And it's causing a lot of second and third order consequences.

Dan masalah itu menyebabkan banyak konsekuensi urutan ke-2 dan ke-3 lainya.

And we saw some of them in the northern-tier cities,

Dan kita sudah melihat hal ini di kota bagian Utara,

including Detroit.

termasuk Detroit.

This one's from New York City, all the fires in Canada.

Ini Kota New York, setelah kebakaran di Kanada.

And we have gotten used to the fact that the world suffers deep droughts

Kita terbiasa dengan dunia yang mengalami kekeringan ekstrim

and huge rain bombs and downpours and floods simultaneously.

sekaligus bom hujan, hujan lebat, juga banjir.

The really ingenious new gravity-measuring satellite

Satelit pengukur gravitasi baru yang cerdas

has given us, for the first time,

memberikan kita, pertama kalinya,

the opportunity to see how this plays out worldwide.

peluang melihat dampaknya secara global.

We get these huge surpluses of water,

Ada surplus air yang besar,

the rain bombs and the drought simultaneously.

bom hujan dan kekeringan pada saat yang sama.

And as you can see, the amplitude is increasing.

Dapat dilihat, amplitudonya bertambah.

And at both ends of our planet right now, we're seeing signs of distress.

Di kedua ujung planet kita sekarang, kita melihat hal-hal yang mencemaskan.

Of course, you know, I've often said,

Tentunya, kalian tahu, dan saya sering katakan,

every night on the TV news is like a nature hike

berita TV setiap malam seperti menjalani Kitab Wahyu.

through the Book of Revelation.

Dan baru hari ini,

And just today,

big flooding in Montpelier, Vermont,

ada banjir di Montpelier, Vermont,

in southern Japan, in India.

di bagian selatan Jepang, di India.

And I haven't done a complete scan,

Saya belum memindai secara lengkap,

but every single day, it's like that.

tapi tiap hari seperti itu.

But in Antarctica,

Di Antartika,

some scientists who are normally pretty levelheaded

para ilmuwan yang umumnya berkepala dingin,

are getting a little bit freaked out, I would say, is a fair definition,

bisa saya katakan mulai sedikit gelisah,

about the lowest level ever, at this point in the year, of sea ice.

karena tingkat es laut, yang saat ini, pada tingkat yang paling rendah.

And at the other pole, in the North Atlantic,

Di kutub satu lagi, di Atlantik Utara,

we're seeing literally off-the-charts temperatures.

kita melihat suhu yang sungguh lewat batas.

So obviously, the crisis has to be addressed.

Pastinya, krisis ini harus dibicarakan.

And the good news is, as others have often said,

Kabar baiknya, seperti sering dikatakan orang lain,

we are seeing tremendous progress.

kita melihat perkembangan besar.

And it starts with the Inflation Reduction Act here in the United States.

Diawali oleh UU Pengurangan Inflasi (IRA) di Amerika Serikat.

President Biden, the Congress, they have passed the best,

Presiden Biden dan Kongres telah mengesahkan

UU iklim terbaik dan terbesar dalam sejarah.

biggest climate legislation in all of history,

and it's said to be 369 billion.

UU ini dikatakan sebesar 369 miliar dolar.

But the heavy lifting is done by tax credits,

Tetapi bagian terbesar adalah kredit pajak,

and most of them are open-ended.

dan kebanyakan adalah kredit terbuka.

And the early applications already show

Pendaftaran awal sudah menunjukkan

it's going to be well over a trillion dollars,

ini akan melewati 1 triliun dolar,

maybe 1.2 trillion.

mungkin 1,2 triliun.

So this is really good news.

Jadi ini kabar yang sangat baik.

And one month after that passed,

Satu bulan setelah UU itu disahkan,

Australia changed its government and started changing its laws.

di Australia terjadi perubahan rezim dan mulai mengubah hukum mereka.

And it's now a pro-climate nation.

Australia sekarang negara pro-iklim.

A month after that, Brazil did the same thing,

Sebulan setelah itu, hal yang serupa juga terjadi di Brazil,

new president, new policies protecting the Amazon.

presiden baru, kebijakan baru yang melindungi Amazon.

And throughout, the European Union has resisted the efforts of Russia

Dan menjelang itu, Uni Eropa membendung usaha Russia

to blackmail it into supporting

yang memaksa mereka untuk mendukung

its sadistic and cruel invasion of Ukraine.

invasi Ukraina yang sadis dan kejam.

And there are other signs of success as well.

Ada lagi pertanda sukses lain.

China's reached its renewables target five years ahead of time.

Tiongkok telah mencapai target energi terbarukan 5 tahun lebih cepat.

It's still building a lot of coal, but only 50 percent capacity utilization.

Negara itu masih membangun banyak PLN batu bara,

tapi dengan kapasitas penggunaan 50%.

So there is lots of good news.

Jadi banyak kabar baik.

But still, in spite of this progress,

Walaupun begitu,

the emissions are still going up.

emisi masih terus naik.

And the crisis is still getting worse

Dan krisis ini makin parah

faster than we are deploying the solutions.

lebih cepat dibandingkan solusi yang kita terapkan.

So maybe it's time to look at the obstacles

Yah, mungkin sekarang waktunya kita lihat hambatannya.

that are standing in our way.

I'm going to focus on two of them this afternoon.

Saya akan fokus pada dua hambatan di pembicaraan ini.

First of all, the unrelenting opposition from the fossil fuel industry.

Pertama, penolakan tiada henti oleh industri bahan bakar fosil.

A lot of people think they're on side and trying to help.

Banyak orang pikir industri ini di sisi baik dan mau membantu.

But let me tell you,

Tetapi biar saya beri tahu,

and the activists will all tell you this,

dan para aktivis juga memberi tahu,

every piece of legislation, whether it's at the municipal level,

setiap peraturan undang-undang, baik di tingkatan kabupaten/kota,

the regional or provincial level,

tingkat regional atau provinsi,

the national level or the international level,

tingkat nasional, atau tingkat internasional,

they're in there with their lobbyists and with their fixers

industri itu di sana dengan delegasinya yang melobi dan mengurus permasalahan,

and with their revolving-door colleagues

dan bersama dengan rekan kerja mereka yang sering berganti

doing everything they can to slow down progress.

mengusahakan segala untuk memperlambat kemajuan.

So speeding up progress means doing something about this.

Jadi untuk mempercepat kemajuan, hal ini perlu diatasi.

They have used fraud on a massive scale.

Industri itu menggunakan penipuan skala besar.

They’ve used falsehoods on an industrial scale.

Industri itu menggunakan kebohongan skala besar.

And they’ve used their legacy political and economic networks,

Mereka menggunakan jaringan politik dan ekonomi warisan mereka,

lavishly funded,

dengan dana luar biasa,

to capture the policy-making process in too many countries around the world.

mengurung proses pembuatan kebijakan di terlalu banyak negara di dunia.

And the [UN] Secretary General said

Sekretaris Jendral PBB berkata

the fossil fuel industry is the polluted heart of the climate crisis.

bahwa industri bahan bakar fosil adalah jantung kotor krisis iklim.

Now, that's not to say that the men and women who've worked in fossil fuel

Nah, bukan berarti kita tidak berterima kasih

kepada para pria dan wanita yang bekerja

for the last century and a half are not due our gratitude.

di bidang bahan bakar fosil selama 150 tahun.

They are, and they didn't cause this.

Kita berterima kasih

dan ini bukan salah mereka.

But for decades now, the companies have had the evidence.

Tetapi selama puluhan tahun, para perusahaan ini memiliki buktinya.

They know the truth, and they consciously decided to lie to publics

Mereka tahu kebenarannya, dan secara sadar memilih membohongi masyarakat

all around the world

di seluruh dunia,

demi menenangkan momentum politik yang dapat membantu situasi ini,

in order to calm down the political momentum

for doing something about it so they can make more money.

agar mereka bisa hasilkan uang lebih banyak.

It's simple as that.

Sesederhana itu.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

And now they have brazenly seized control of the COP process,

Dan kini, tanpa tahu malu, mereka mengambil alih proses COP,

especially this year's COP in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates.

terutama COP tahun ini di Dubai, Uni Arab Emirat.

And concern has been building about this for quite some time.

Kekhawatiran tentang ini sudah mulai ada sejak lama.

I remember when there were so many fossil fuel delegates in Madrid,

Saya ingat saat ada banyak sekali delegasi bahan bakar fosil di Madrid,

but by the time we got to Glasgow a year and a half ago,

dan saat COP di Glasgow, satu setengah tahun yang lalu,

the delegates from the fossil fuel companies

para delegasi bahan bakar fosil berjumlah lebih banyak

made up a larger group than the largest national delegation.

dibandingkan delegasi negara terbesar.

And why? Why?

Dan mengapa? Mengapa?

Karena mereka membantu? Mereka tidak membantu.

Because they're helping?

They're not helping, they're trying to stop progress.

Mereka mencoba hentikan kemajuan.

And last year in Egypt,

Tahun lalu di Mesir,

they had more delegates than the combined delegations

delegasi industri fosil lebih banyak

of the ten most affected countries by climate.

daripada gabungan delegasi 10 negara yang paling terdampak krisis iklim.

Dan tuan rumah tahun ini, negara minyak (sangat bergantung pada minyak bumi),

And now this year's host, which is a petro state,

has appointed the president of COP28,

mengangkat presiden COP28,

in spite of the fact that he has a blatant conflict of interest,

walaupun pria itu memiliki konflik kepentingan yang sangat jelas.

he's the CEO of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company

Dia adalah CEO perusahaan Minyak Bumi Nasional Abu Dhabi

owned by Abu Dhabi.

yang dimiliki Abu Dhabi.

Their emissions are larger than those of ExxonMobil,

Emisi karbon mereka lebih besar dibandingkan ExxonMobil,

and they have no credible plan whatsoever to reduce them.

dan mereka tak memiliki rencana terverifikasi untuk menguranginya.

So this is the person in charge of the COP.

Inilah kepala COP.

He's a nice guy.

Dia pria yang sopan.

He's a smart guy.

Dia pria yang pintar.

But a conflict of interest is a conflict of interest.

Tapi ini tetap konflik kepentingan.

And a matter of fact,

Dan faktanya,

they have a plan now to have a new increase in their emissions.

mereka berencana mencantumkan penambahan baru emisi mereka.

Their plan is to increase the production of both oil and gas

Mereka berencana meningkatkan produksi minyak dan gas bumi

by as much as 50 percent by 2030.

sebanyak 50% pada 2030.

Which is the same time frame

Itu jenjang waktu yang sama dengan

when the world is trying to reduce emissions,

dunia yang coba mengurangi emisi karbon

by 50 percent by 2030.

sebanyak 50% pada 2030.

And the same person has been put in charge of both of those efforts.

Dan orang yang sama jadi kepala kedua rencana ini.

Direct conflict of interest.

Ini konflik kepentingan langsung.

I think it's time to say,

Saya rasa ini saatnya mengatakan,

wait a minute, do you take us for fools?

tunggu, kalian pikir kami bodoh?

Do you think you can just completely remove the disguise and we won't notice?

Kalian pikir kalian bisa mulai terang-terangan begitu

dan kami tidak sadar?

The fossil fuel industry has captured this process and is slowing it down.

Industri bahan bakar fosil sudah menangkap proses ini dan memperlambatnya.

And we need to do something about it.

Dan kita harus melawannya.

Now, they plan to increase their emissions --

Sekarang, mereka berencana menambah emisi mereka--

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

Getting all hot and bothered here.

Lagi semangat ini.

(Laughter)

(Tertawa)

The head of the International Energy Agency was talking

Kepala International Energy Agency

membicarakan beberapa perusahaan minyak bumi

about several oil companies

who have publicly pledged to increase their oil and gas

yang berjanji akan menambah minyak dan gas bumi mereka

and simultaneously pledged to comply with the Paris Agreement.

dan sekaligus berjanji mematuhi Perjanjian Paris.

Do you take us for fools?

Kalian kira kami bodoh?

You cannot do both of those things simultaneously.

Kalian tidak bisa melakukan dua hal itu sekaligus.

And if you think we believe you when you say that,

Jika kalian kira kami percaya ketika kalian bilang bisa,

we beg to differ.

kami tidak setuju.

Last year at the COP,

Di COP tahun lalu,

the fossil fuel petro states vetoed

negara minyak dan bahan bakar fosil

menolak pembahasan soal pengurangan bahan bakar fosil secara bertahap.

any mention of phasing down fossil fuels.

They say, oh, that's not the problem.

Mereka berkata, oh, bukan itu masalahnya.

One of the secretary of state equivalent in Saudi Arabia

Menteri luar negeri Arab Saudi berkata,

said, we don't see this as a discussion about fossil fuels.

kami tak lihat ini sebagai diskusi tentang bahan bakar fosil.

Let me tell you,

Dan biar saya katakan,

the climate crisis is a fossil fuel crisis.

krisis iklim adalah krisis bahan bakar fosil.

The solutions are going to come from a discussion

Solusinya didapatkan dari diskusi

and collaboration about phasing out fossil fuels.

dan kolaborasi tentang proses penghentian bahan bakar fosil.

And there's only so much longer they can hold this up

Dan waktu mereka tinggal sedikit

untuk bertindak seperti ini,

and tie us down and keep us from doing the right thing.

untuk mengikat dan menahan kita melakukan hal yang benar.

Now the director general of this year's COP,

Sekarang, direktur jenderal COP tahun ini,

working under Sultan Al Jaber, he worked for ADNOC also,

bekerja di bawah Sultan Al Jaber, juga bekerja untuk ADNOC,

dan dia menjadi orang nomor dua di ExxonMobil selama bertahun-tahun.

he was seconded for several years to ExxonMobil.

Katanya, tidak, sudah berubah semua.

He said, no, that’s all changed. This year, they’ve changed.

Tahun ini, mereka berubah.

The fossil fuel companies are really engaging us.

Perusahaan bahan bakar fosil melibatkan kami.

They have changed.

Mereka sudah berubah.

Yes, they have changed.

Iya, sudah berubah mereka.

They've changed for the worse this year.

Berubah makin parah tahun ini.

You don't believe me?

Tidak percaya?

Look at this, BP.

Lihatlah ini, BP.

They said, "We're going to net zero, there's no turning back."

Kata mereka, “Kami akan menuju nol emisi, kami takkan ingkar.”

A few months ago this year, they turned back

Beberapa bulan lalu tahun ini, mereka berbalik

and they decided to roll back their investments.

dan putuskan untuk menghentikan investasi mereka.

ExxonMobil.

ExxonMobil.

Oh, my God.

Ya, ampun.

This is minor compared to their industrial-scale lying, you know.

Ini kecil dibandingkan kebohongan mereka dalam skala industri, lho.

But they've had all the TV ads on, particularly in the US,

Ada banyak iklan mereka, terutama di AS,

about revolutionizing biofuels.

tentang merevolusi bahan bakar hayati.

"You wouldn't believe what algae can do."

“Mustahil! Alga bisa untuk ini?”

Well, for 14 years they ran this program.

Ya, mereka menjalankan program ini selama 14 tahun.

And they spent 50 percent as much on the ads about the program

Dan sebanyak 50% dana itu mereka pakai untuk mengiklankan program itu,

as they did on actually trying to come up with new biofuels.

sama banyaknya dengan yang dikeluarkan untuk menemukan bahan bakar hayati baru.

And then a couple of months ago, they said, "Oh, we've changed our mind.

Dan 2 bulan lalu mereka berkata,

“Oh, kami berubah pikiran. Kami batalkan saja program itu.”

We're just going to cancel that program."

The industry as a whole

Seluruhnya di industri ini

has not been acting in good faith.

tidak bertingkah dengan iktikad baik.

Shell reversed its commitment to increase their investments in fossil fuels.

Shell membatalkan komitmen dengan menambah investasi bahan bakar fosil.

They announced just a couple of months ago they're going to plow that money

Baru 2 bulan lalu, mereka umumkan akan mengorek uang itu

into expanding oil and gas production instead.

untuk memperluas produksi minyak dan gas bumi.

So did they miss the memo?

Apa mereka tak dapat memonya?

Well, no, they say they've discovered a way out.

Tidak, kata mereka, mereka menemukan cara baru.

They're telling us now that the problem is not fossil fuels.

Kata mereka, masalahnya bukan bahan bakar fosil.

It's the emissions from fossil fuels.

Masalahnya: emisi dari bahan bakar fosil.

And so all we have to do is to capture the emissions from the fossil fuels.

Jadi yang perlu dilakukan hanya menangkap emisi bahan bakar fosil.

Now, I'm all for research and development

Yah, saya mendukung penelitian dan pengembangan

into trying to capture emissions

dalam mencoba menangkap emisi

or sucking it out of the air if they want to do that.

atau menyedotnya dari udara jika itu yang mereka mau.

But let's don't pretend it's for real.

Tapi janganlah berpura-pura itu nyata.

Maybe someday it will be.

Mungkin suatu hari nanti itu nyata.

Maybe someday it will be.

Mungkin suatu hari nanti itu nyata.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

This is the head of ExxonMobil saying, "Not oil and gas,

Ini kepala ExxonMobil, berkata,

“Bukan minyak dan gas. Tapi emisinya.

it's the emissions."

And Abu Dhabi,

Di Abu Dhabi,

they have said they've already decreased their emissions

katanya, mereka telah kurangi emisi dari produksi minyak dan gas bumi mereka

from producing oil and gas, 99.2 percent.

99,2%.

The point two makes it sound even more authoritative.

Koma duanya memberi kesan dapat dipercayai.

(Laughter)

(Tertawa)

Is that feasible?

Apa itu mungkin bisa?

Have they really done that?

Apakah mereka berhasil?

Is their carbon capture technology that’s that good?

Apa teknologi penangkapan karbon (CCS) mereka sebegitu bagus?

Well, Climate TRACE can measure.

Climate TRACE bisa menakarnya.

Now, let's just look.

Mari, kita lihat.

There's their CCS capability.

Itu kapabilitas CCS mereka.

Oh, but they've got a great improvement in the work.

Wah, ada perkembangan besar di masa depan.

Seven years from now,

Tujuh tahun lagi,

they're going to have a 500 percent increase in their capacity.

kapasitas mereka akan bertambah sebanyak 500%.

But here are the emissions from oil and gas production alone.

Tapi ini baru emisi dari produksi minyak dan gas bumi.

And here are the emissions of greenhouse gases

Dan ini adalah emisi dari gas-gas rumah kaca

from Abu Dhabi, from the UAE.

dari Abu Dhabi, dari UAE.

Now, the pathetic little sliver there

Nah, garis menyedihkan ini,

compared to the reality, again,

dibandingkan dengan realitas...

do they think we don't see what they're doing,

apa mereka pikir kita tak lihat apa yang mereka lakukan,

don't understand what they're doing?

tak mengerti apa yang mereka lakukan?

A lot of people maybe just want to look away from it.

Banyak orang mungkin tidak ingin melihat ini.

Pretty ironic here in this country.

Agak ironis di negara ini.

You know, the coal-burning utilities

Kalian tahu, PLTU batubara diberi mandat baru tahun ini

have been given a new mandate this year by the EPA.

oleh Badan Perlindungan Lingkungan AS (EPA).

You've got to clean up your act.

“Perbaikilah tingkah kalian.”

Now, you can keep on burning coal

“Kalian bisa tetap membakar batubara

and you can keep on producing electricity with it

dan hasilkan listrik dengan itu

if you use carbon capture and sequestration.

jika penangkapan dan penyimpanan karbon (CCS) dilaksanakan.”

Well, they scream bloody murder.

Wih, protes mereka.

Another story about it this morning,

Berita baru tentang itu pagi ini,

but they say, that technology?

mereka katakan,

“Teknologi itu? Itu mustahil.”

That's not feasible.

It's not technically feasible, not economically feasible.

“Itu mustahil dari segi teknologi dan ekonomi.”

So they need to get their story straight, in my opinion.

Menurut saya, mereka harus bercerita dengan jelas.

So the technology of CCS

Jadi

teknologi CCS sudah ada lama,

has been around for a long time, 50 years,

50 tahun,

and we get used to technologies automatically getting cheaper and better,

dan kita sudah terbiasa dengan teknologi yang otomatis makin murah dan bagus,

you know, with the computer chips and the cell phones and all that.

kalian tahu, seperti chip komputer, HP, dan lain-lain.

Well, University of Oxford did a whole study,

Di Oxford University ada penelitian tentang ini,

sebagian biayanya turun cepat, sebagian turun lambat.

and some come down in cost fast, some slow.

A few are in a category called non-improving technologies.

Ada beberapa masuk kategori teknologi tidak berkembang.

And that’s where carbon capture and storage is.

Penangkapan dan Penyimpanan Karbon masuk kategori ini.

50 years, not any price decline.

50 tahun, harganya tak turun sedikit pun.

Well, could we get a breakthrough in spite of that?

Walaupun begitu, bisakah hal itu berubah?

Maybe.

Mungkin bisa.

We're throwing a lot of money at it.

Kita menabur banyak uang untuk hal itu.

We had to do that to get the compromise that passed the IRA,

Kita harus melakukan itu demi kompromi yang disetujui IRA,

and we ought to continue the research.

dan kita perlu melanjutkan penelitiannya.

But again, let's don't pretend that it's here.

Tetapi, jangan berpura-pura teknologi itu sudah berhasil.

It's not here now.

Saat ini belum.

Mereka jadikan itu dalih.

And to use it as an excuse, and now they've got another one.

Dan sekarang ada lagi yang baru.

Now it's called direct air capture.

Namanya Direct Air Capture/DAC (penangkapan udara langsung)

These are giant vacuum cleaners that use an awful lot of energy.

Ini adalah mesin penyedot debu raksasa yang boros energi.

Secara teknis, DAC memang bisa,

It's technically feasible, but it's extremely expensive.

tetapi sangat mahal.

And it also uses so much energy.

Energi yang digunakannya juga sangat besar.

But it is tremendously useful.

Tetapi mesin ini sangat berguna.

You know what it's used for?

Tahu apa kegunaannya?

The CEO of one of the largest oil companies in the US

CEO salah satu perusahaan minyak bumi terbesar di AS

had told us what it's useful for.

memberi tahu kegunaannya.

It's useful to give them an excuse for not ever stopping oil.

DAC berguna sebagai alasan melanjutkan produksi minyak bumi.

A few months later, she said,

Beberapa bulan kemudian, dia berkata,

"This gives us, this new technology, a license to continue operating."

“Ini, teknologi baru ini, mengizinkan kami terus beroperasi.”

Some people call that a moral hazard.

Beberapa orang menyebutnya bahaya moral.

Bagi mereka, bahaya moral itu tak merusak,

For them, the moral hazard is not a bug,

it's a feature, as the old saying goes.

cuma memang begitu cara kerjanya.

Mari kita lihat. Ini modern sekali.

And so let's just look, this is state-of-the-art.

It looks pretty impressive, doesn't it?

Nampak luar biasa, kan?

This is the backside of one of these machines.

Ini bagian belakang salah satu mesin DAC.

(Laughter)

(Tertawa)

I had the same thought.

Saya sepemikiran dengan Anda.

(Laughter)

(Tertawa)

Now this, they're improving this.

Nah, mereka memperbagus ini.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

They're improving this.

Mereka memperbagus ini.

And the new model, seven years from now,

Dan versi yang baru, 7 tahun lagi,

each of these machines is going to be able

setiap mesinnya dapat menangkap

to capture 27 seconds' worth of annual emissions.

sebanyak 27 detik dari emisi tahunan.

Woohoo.

Hebat!

Alat itu mengizinkan mereka terus memproduksi

That gives them a license to continue producing more

lebih banyak lagi minyak dan gas bumi.

and more oil and gas.

Or so they claim.

Atau begitu klaim mereka.

Well, they also say, the experts,

Yah, mereka, para ahli, juga berkata,

that in order to be economically feasible,

biar ekonomis, DAC harus berbiaya 100 dolar per ton CO2 yang ditangkap.

it has to come in at 100 dollars a ton or less.

atau kurang dari itu.

The leading company says that 27 years from now,

Perusahaan terbesar berkata 27 tahun dari sekarang,

it may come down below three times that amount.

biayanya bisa turun 3 kali harga itu.

So again, if this sounds kind of incredible,

Jadi, yah, kedengarannya luar biasa

it is not credible.

tapi tak bisa dipercayai.

But they're using it in order to gaslight us, literally.

Mereka menggunakan ini untuk memanipulasi kita, benaran.

But I didn't mean it as a pun, but that's what they're using it to do.

Ini bukan plesetan, tapi memang itu alasan kegunaannya.

And we can't fall for it.

Dan kita jangan sampai mempercayainya.

The biggest obstacle to direct air capture is probably physics.

Halangan terbesar DAC menangkap udara mungkin adalah fisika.

And what I mean by that, they've explained this to me.

Maksud saya, dan mereka sudah jelaskan ke saya,

CO2 makes up 0.035 percent of the air

CO2 adalah 0,035 % dari udara.

so we're going to vacuum the other 99.96 percent

Jadi, kita menyedot 99,96 % lain untuk keluarkan sebagian kecil CO2 itu.

to get that little bit out.

Come on, really?

Yang benar?

Come on.

Yang benar saja!

And it doesn't even pretend to catch the methane or the soot

Dan mereka tidak berpura-pura menangkap metana atau jelaga

or the mercury or the particulate pollution

atau merkuri atau polusi partikulat

that kills 9 million people a year around the world.

yang membunuh 9 juta orang per tahun di seluruh dunia.

And that's why the climate justice advocates

Itulah alasan mengapa pendukung keadilan iklim

are so down on this kind of nonsense.

tidak menerima omong kosong ini.

They say, here's one of them says, look, we need to fight climate change,

Mereka, ini salah satu dari mereka, berkata,

“Kita perlu melawan perubahan iklim,

but don't do it by pretending to do it and continue dumping all this pollution

tapi jangan pura-pura melakukannya lalu terus membuang polusi ini

on the front line communities that are downwind from the smokestacks.

kepada masyarakat yang terkena langsung udara tercemar dari cerobong asap.”

And that's why they have not ever really liked the carbon capture.

Itulah alasan para aktivis tidak begitu suka penangkapan karbon.

And what about all the energy that's needed?

Lalu bagaimana sumber energi DAC?

Is it going to come from more fossil fuels?

Apa dari bahan bakar fosil lagi?

Well, in case of Occidental, yes.

Dalam kasus Occidental, iya.

But could it come from more solar and wind?

Apa bisa pakai energi surya atau angin?

Well, if so, why not use the solar and wind

Ya, kalau bisa, kenapa tak pakai energi surya atau angin

to replace the fossil fuel-burning plants

sebagai pengganti pembangkit yang menggunakan bahan bakar fosil,

that are putting all that stuff up there in the first place?

pembangkit yang duluan mencemari udara?

Doesn't that make sense?

Lebih masuk akal, kan?

Am I missing something?

Apa saya salah?

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

Anyway, this is the environmental justice advocate who is making the point

Ini seorang pendukung keadilan lingkungan yang menyatakan

that you can't do it without protecting those who are victimized

keadilan lingkungan tidak bisa dicapai tanpa melindungi korban

downwind from the smokestacks, downstream from the pollution.

yang terdampak langsung oleh asap dari cerobong dan polusi

Now, some of the companies, of course,

Beberapa perusahaan, tentunya,

you say we're going to offset our emissions.

berkata mereka akan menebusi emisi mereka.

And again, offsets can play a role, a small role,

Dan iya, penebusan karbon bisa memegang peran, peran kecil,

five to 10 percent according to the Science Based Targets initiative,

5-10% menurut Science Based Targets initiative,

the most authoritative source on all of this.

sumber yang paling berwenang dalam semua hal ini.

But, you know, Chevron just had its offsets analyzed.

Tahukah kalian, penebusan karbon Chevron dianalisis baru-baru ini.

It turned out 93 percent of them were worthless and junk.

Hasilnya: 93% penebusan karbonnya tak berguna dan sampah.

And that's too often the case.

Dan terlalu sering kejadiannya seperti itu.

It's not a get-out-of-jail-free card.

Penebusan karbon bukan kartu bebas penjara.

And their offsets were only aimed at 10 percent of their emissions

Penebusan karbonnya pun awalnya cuma ditargetkan untuk 10% emisi mereka.

in the first place.

Eighty percent of the fossil fuel companies

80% perusahaan bahan bakar fosil

just completely ignore the Scope Three emissions,

mengabaikan sepenuhnya emisi Scope 3,

which is the main part of their pollution problem.

yang menjadi bagian terbesar masalah polusi mereka.

So they say that they have increased by 400 percent

Jadi mereka berkata telah menaikkan pengeluaran energi sebanyak 400%

the share of their spending on energy

untuk kegunaan teknologi ramah lingkungan dan penangkapan karbon.

that goes to green technologies and carbon capture.

And yes, they have, they've increased it all the way up to four percent.

Dan benar, mereka sudah naikkan hingga 4%.

And it's not even as good as that,

Tak sebaik itu juga sebenarnya,

because if you look at the windfall profits they've been getting,

karena jika dilihat dari laba tak terduga yang mereka dapatkan,

what have they done with that?

apa yang telah mereka lakukan dengan itu?

Well, they gave it back to the shareholders

Yah, mereka kembalikan kepada pemegang saham

through dividends and stock buybacks.

melalui dividen dan pembelian kembali saham.

So the amount of money

Jadi uang yang diinvestasikan

the fossil fuel industry is investing in renewables

industri bahan bakar fosil untuk energi terbarukan

and carbon capture is one percent.

dan penangkapan karbon adalah 1%.

Does that mean they are sincere actors, working in good faith?

Kalau begitu, apakah mereka pihak tulus, dengan iktikad baik?

I don't think so.

Saya rasa tidak.

A lot of people still think so.

Banyak orang merasa iya.

They think they're on our side.

Mereka kira industri itu di pihak kita.

I don't think it's in their nature to be on our side.

Saya rasa, berpihak pada kita bukan sifat industri itu.

I think they're driven by incentives that push them in the opposite direction.

Saya rasa industri itu didorong insentif yang menolaknya ke arah berlawanan.

But in any case,

Tapi apa pun itu,

they produce no solutions whatsoever that are scalable

mereka sama sekali tak memberikan solusi yang bisa diperluas

or remotely feasible.

ataupun yang bisa dilakukan.

And again, they have actively fought

Terlebih lagi, mereka secara aktif terus melawan

against the solutions that others have been trying to bring.

solusi yang ingin dicapai orang lain.

I've seen it personally.

Saya melihatnya langsung.

Banyak dari kalian sudah melihatnya secara langsung.

Many of you have seen it personally.

And it's happening all over the world.

Dan hal ini terjadi di seluruh dunia.

No progress.

Tak ada perkembangan.

They've even gone backwards.

Justru makin mundur.

Now, if a company says, look,

Jika sebuah perusahaan berkata,

we shouldn't be excluded from the COP process,

“Kami harus diikutkan dalam proses COP,

we know a lot about energy.

kami tahu banyak tentang energi.”

Here's a simple test.

Ini uji sederhana.

Do they actually have,

Apakah mereka sungguh punya,

does the company have real net-zero commitments,

apakah perusahaan itu sungguh punya komitmen nol emisi karbon,

a genuine phase-down plan,

rencana mengurangi produksi minyak dan gas

yes or no?

iya atau tidak?

Are they committed to full disclosure?

Apakah mereka mengeluarkan data emisi lengkap?

Yes or no?

Iya atau tidak?

Are they going to spend windfall profits on the transition?

Apakah mereka akan gunakan laba tak terduga untuk transisi?

Iya atau tidak?

Yes or no?

Are they committed to transparency?

Apakah ada komitmen agar transparan?

Will they end their anti-climate lobbying?

Apakah mereka akan hentikan lobi anti-iklim mereka?

Will they end their greenwashing?

Hentikan praktik pencucian hijau?

Will they be in favor of reforming the COP process

Apakah mereka setuju mereformasi proses COP

so that the petro states don't have an absolute veto

agar negara minyak tidak memiliki hak veto

on anything the world wants to discuss or act on?

dalam pembahasan ataupun tindakan yang ingin dilakukan dunia?

We've got to change that.

Kita harus mengganti itu.

In order to move faster,

Agar dapat bergerak lebih cepat,

we have got to empower the global community

kita perlu menguatkan komunitas global

in a way that frees them from the hammerlock

agar mereka bisa bebas dari cengkeraman perusahaan bahan bakar fosil saat ini.

that the fossil fuel companies have on them today.

And any company that doesn't pass this test,

Dan perusahaan apa pun yang tidak lulus uji ini,

I'm telling you,

saya katakan,

ought to be prohibited from taking part in the COP process.

harus dilarang ikut dalam proses COP.

(Cheers and applause)

(Sorakan dan tepuk tangan)

What about the company that's led by the president of this year's COP,

Lalu bagaimana dengan perusahaan yang dipimpin presiden COP tahun ini,

perusahaan Minyak Bumi Nasional Abu Dhabi?

the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company?

Well, it's rated one of the least responsible

Perusahaan ini dinilai masuk kategori perusahaan minyak dan gas bumi

of all the oil and gas companies.

paling tidak bertanggung jawab.

It no longer even releases information

Perusahaan ini bahkan tidak lagi mengeluarkan data emisi karbonnya,

on any of its emissions, has no transition plan,

tidak memiliki rencana transisi atau skor target jangka pendek atau pertengahan,

no short or mid-term target scores,

a pathetic three on 100-scale on their transition plans.

dapat nilai menyedihkan 3 dari 100 untuk rencana transisi mereka.

And the nation's plan is rated highly insufficient.

Dan rencana negara itu dinilai sangat tidak memadai.

They just put out a new one, it's still insufficient.

Mereka baru keluarkan yang baru, masih belum memadai.

So that's the first obstacle.

Jadi itu hambatan pertama.

Second one's a lot clearer.

Hambatan kedua lebih jelas.

This one has to be removed in order to get to the faster solutions.

Yang ini harus dilenyapkan demi mendapatkan solusi cepat.

But in order to remove it,

Namun untuk melenyapkannya

we've got to do something about the second obstacle,

kita harus mengatasi hambatan kedua,

and that is the financial system,

yaitu sistem keuangan,

the global allocation of capital and the subsidies for fossil fuels.

alokasi modal global dan subsidi bahan bakar fosil.

Governments last year around the world subsidized with taxpayer money

Berbagai pemerintahan di dunia tahun lalu

mensubsidi dengan uang rakyat

more than a trillion dollars, subsidizing fossil fuels.

lebih dari satu triliun dolar

bahan bakar fosil.

That's five times larger than the amount in 2020.

Itu 5 kali lebih banyak dari tahun 2020.

Are we going in the right direction or the wrong direction?

Apakah kita ada di jalan yang benar atau salah?

Yah, memang ada perkembangan yang baik

Well, there are a lot of good things I'll show you,

but this has to stop.

tetapi ini harus berhenti.

Dan 60 bank-bank global terbesar

And the 60 largest global banks

have put 5.5 trillion extra dollars

menyalurkan dana ekstra sebanyak 5,5 triliun dolar

into the fossil fuel companies since the Paris agreement.

untuk perusahaan bahan bakar fosil sejak Perjanjian Paris.

And preposterously, 49 of them have also signed net-zero pledges.

Dan anehnya, 49 dari 60 itu menandatangani perjanjian nol emisi.

So we ...

Jadi...

Global allocation of capital.

Alokasi modal global.

The borrowing of private capital is ruled out

Peminjaman modal pribadi tidak bisa diharapkan

bagi berbagai negara berkembang.

for many developing countries.

Nigeria has to pay an interest rate seven times higher

Nigeria harus membayar tingkat bunga 7 kali lebih tinggi

than Europe or the US.

dibandingkan Eropa atau AS.

Political risk, corruption risk, currency risk, off-take risk,

Risiko politik,

risiko korupsi,

risiko mata uang,

risiko tak dibayar,

it's rule of law risk.

risiko peraturan hukum.

That's why the World Bank and the other multilateral development banks

Itulah mengapa seharusnya Bank Dunia dan bank perkembangan multilateral lainnya

are supposed to take those top layers of risk off.

mengangkat risiko yang paling atas.

And that's why we need reform in the World Bank.

Itulah mengapa perlu ada reformasi Bank Dunia.

Thank goodness so many fought to get a new head of the World Bank,

Saya bersyukur banyak orang berjuang mengangkat kepala Bank Dunia baru,

and I'm very excited about his progress.

dan saya sangat senang melihat perkembangan dia.

Now, when these obstacles are removed, we can really accelerate progress.

Ketika hambatan dihilangkan, perkembangan dapat kita percepat.

They'll still be problems, of course,

Tentu nantinya akan ada masalah,

but we have everything we need

tapi kita punya semua yang diperlukan dan ada model pelaksanaan yang terbukti

and proven deployment models to reduce emissions 50 percent

untuk mengurangi 50% emisi selama 7 tahun kedepan.

in the next seven years.

But we will still need better grids,

Namun, kita masih perlu jaringan listrik yang lebih baik,

more resilient grids, more solar and wind,

jaringan yang lebih awet, energi solar dan angin lebih banyak,

much more regenerative agriculture.

lebih banyak lagi pertanian regeneratif.

That's a way to really pull carbon out of the air.

Itu salah satu cara yang memang menarik karbon dari udara.

More electric vehicles and charging stations

Tambahkan kendaraan elektrik dan SPKLU

dan lebih banyak tempat penyimpanan energi.

and more energy storage.

I'll show you that just before we quit here.

Saya akan tunjukkan ini sebelum kita selesai.

And more green hydrogen, so more electrolyzers to produce it.

Lebih banyak hidrogen hijau,

berarti menambah alat elektrolis yang menghasilkannya.

And these are all surmountable obstacles.

Ini semua adalah hambatan yang bisa diloncati.

Already, renewables account for 90 percent

Sekarang saja, 90% pembangkit listrik baru tiap tahunnya di seluruh dunia

of all the new electricity generation being installed each year worldwide.

berjenis energi terbarukan.

Ninety-three percent solar and wind in India last year.

93% berenergi surya dan angin di India tahun lalu.

And of course, the solar's taking off and so is wind

Dan tentu saja, tenaga surya dan juga angin makin populer,

and so are the electric vehicles and battery storage.

begitu juga dengan kendaraan listrik dan baterai penyimpanan energi.

It has grown so dramatically.

Perkembangannya sangat pesat.

You’ve got to rescale the graph to look at the trillion-dollar industry emerging.

Diagram ini harus diskala ulang

agar bisa melihat munculnya industri triliun dolar ini.

Now, just seven years ago, there was one gigafactory.

Tujuh tahun lalu hanya ada satu pabrik giga.

I learned from one of you at a session a couple of hours ago

Saya baru dengar dari kalian di sebuah sesi 2 jam lalu,

and had my staff research it,

dan minta staf saya menelitinya,

there are now 195 gigafactories and another 300 in the pipeline.

sekarang terdapat 195 pabrik giga

dan 300 lagi sudah dalam proses pembangunan.

So will we succeed?

Jadi bisa berhasilkah kita?

Some people fight with a vulnerability to despair.

Beberapa orang yang berjuang rentan keputusasaan.

You know, the old cliche, “denial ain’t just a river in Egypt.”

Kalian tahulah, klise lama, Nil bukan hanya sungai di Mesir.

Despair ain’t just a tire in the trunk.

Spair bukan hanya ban di bagasi.

There are people that are vulnerable.

Ada orang-orang yang rentan terhadap masalah ini.

But let me close with what I regard as amazingly good news.

Tetapi saya ingin menutup sesi ini dengan kabar baik menurut saya.

What if we could stop the increase in temperatures?

Bagaimana jika kita bisa hentikan kenaikan suhu?

Well, if you look at the temperature increases,

Yah, jika kalian melihat pertambahan suhu,

if we get to true net-zero,

jika kita sungguh mencapai nol emisi karbon,

astonishingly, global temperatures will stop going up

hebatnya,

suhu global akan berhenti naik

with a lag time of as little as three to five years.

dengan waktu keterlambatan sesedikit 3 hingga 5 tahun.

They used to think that positive feedback loops would keep that process going.

Dulunya, proses timbal balik positif diperkirakan

akan terus menahan suhu global.

No, it will not.

Ternyata tidak.

The temperatures will stop going up.

Suhu akan tetap naik.

The ice will continue melting and some other things will continue,

Es akan terus meleleh dan beberapa hal masih akan terjadi,

but we can stop the increase of temperatures.

tetapi kenaikan suhu global bisa kita hentikan.

Even better, if we stay at true net zero, in as little as 30 years,

Lebih baik lagi, jika kita pertahankan nol emisi selama setidaknya 30 tahun,

half of all the human-caused CO2 will come out of the atmosphere

setengah dari semua CO2 yang dihasilkan manusia akan keluar dari atmosfer

into the upper ocean and the trees and vegetation.

dan masuk ke lapisan atas samudra, serta pohon dan tanaman.

So young people are demanding that we do the right thing.

Jadi anak-anak muda menuntut kita melakukan hal yang benar.

Do not be vulnerable to despair.

Jangan rentan keputusasaan.

We are going to do this.

Kita akan melakukan ini.

And if you doubt that we, as human beings have the will to act,

Jika kalian ragu, kita sebagai manusia, memiliki kemauan bertindak,

please always remember

selalu ingatlah

that the will to act is itself a renewable resource.

kemauan bertindak itu juga merupakan energi terbarukan.

Thank you very much.

Terima kasih banyak.

(Cheers and applause)

(Sorakan dan tepuk tangan)

Thank you.

Terima kasih.

(Tepuk tangan)