Skylar Tibbits: Can we make things that make themselves?

Prevoditelj: Tilen Pigac - EFZG Recezent: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG

Today I'd like to show you

Danas bih vam volio pokazati

the future of the way we make things.

budućnost načina na koji izrađujemo stvari.

I believe that soon our buildings and machines

Vjerujem kako će se ubrzo naše zgrade i strojevi

will be self-assembling,

sami sastavljati,

replicating and repairing themselves.

duplicirati i popravljati.

So I'm going to show you

Stoga ću vam pokazati

what I believe is the current state of manufacturing,

nešto za što ja vjerujem je trenutno stanje proizvodnje,

and then compare that to some natural systems.

i zatim ću to usporediti s nekim prirodnim sustavima.

So in the current state of manufacturing, we have skyscrapers --

Dakle, u trenutnom stanju proizvodnje, imamo nebodere --

two and a half years [of assembly time],

dvije i pol godine,

500,000 to a million parts,

od 500.000 do milijun dijelova,

fairly complex,

prilično kompleksne,

new, exciting technologies in steel, concrete, glass.

nove i uzbudljive tehnologije čelika, betona, stakla.

We have exciting machines

Imamo uzbudljive strojeve

that can take us into space --

koji nas mogu povesti u svemir --

five years [of assembly time], 2.5 million parts.

pet godina, 2,5 milijuna dijelova.

But on the other side, if you look at the natural systems,

Ali s druge strane, ako promatrate prirodne sustave,

we have proteins

imamo proteine

that have two million types,

kojih ima dva milijuna vrsta,

can fold in 10,000 nanoseconds,

mogu se skupiti u 10.000 nanosekundi,

or DNA with three billion base pairs

ili DNK s tri milijarde baznih parova

we can replicate in roughly an hour.

možemo replicirati u sat vremena.

So there's all of this complexity

Dakle, postoji sva ta kompleksnost

in our natural systems,

u našim prirodnim sustavima,

but they're extremely efficient,

ali oni su ekstremno učinkoviti,

far more efficient than anything we can build,

puno učinkovitiji od bilo čega što možemo izgraditi,

far more complex than anything we can build.

puno kompleksniji od bilo čega što možemo izgraditi.

They're far more efficient in terms of energy.

Puno su učinkovitiji u okvirima energije.

They hardly ever make mistakes.

Gotovo nikada ne rade greške.

And they can repair themselves for longevity.

I mogu popraviti sami sebe za dugovječnost.

So there's something super interesting about natural systems.

Dakle, postoji nešto super zanimljivo o prirodnim sustavima.

And if we can translate that

I ako to možemo prevesti

into our built environment,

u naš okoliš gradnje,

then there's some exciting potential for the way that we build things.

onda postoji neki uzbudljivi potencijal za način na koji gradimo stvari.

And I think the key to that is self-assembly.

I mislim kako je ključ toga samo-sastavljanje.

So if we want to utilize self-assembly in our physical environment,

Dakle, ukoliko želimo iskoristiti samo-sastavljanje u našoj fizičkoj okolini,

I think there's four key factors.

mislim kako postoji četiri ključna čimbenika.

The first is that we need to decode

Prvi je da moramo dekodirati

all of the complexity of what we want to build --

cijelu kompleksnost onoga što želimo graditi --

so our buildings and machines.

dakle, naše zgrade i strojeve.

And we need to decode that into simple sequences --

I moramo to dekodirati u jednostavne nizove --

basically the DNA of how our buildings work.

u osnovi DNK kako naše zgrade funkcioniraju.

Then we need programmable parts

Tada su nam potrebni dijelovi koje je moguće programirati

that can take that sequence

koji mogu uzeti te nizove

and use that to fold up, or reconfigure.

i iskoristiti ih da ih presavinu ili rekonfiguriraju.

We need some energy that's going to allow that to activate,

Potrebna nam je neka energija koja će nam omogućiti aktivaciju toga,

allow our parts to be able to fold up from the program.

dozvoliti našim dijelovima da se savijajući maknu iz programa.

And we need some type of error correction redundancy

I potrebna nam je neka vrsta redundancije koja će ispravljati greške

to guarantee that we have successfully built what we want.

i koja bi garantirala kako smo uspješno izgradili ono što želimo.

So I'm going to show you a number of projects

Stoga ću vam pokazati nekoliko projekata

that my colleagues and I at MIT are working on

na kojima moje kolege u MIT-u i ja radimo

to achieve this self-assembling future.

kako bi postigli tu budućnost samo-sastavljanja.

The first two are the MacroBot and DeciBot.

Prva dva su MacroBot i DeciBot.

So these projects are large-scale reconfigurable robots --

Dakle, ti projekti su rekonfigurabilni roboti velikog opsega --

8 ft., 12 ft. long proteins.

2,4 m, 3,6 m dugački proteini.

They're embedded with mechanical electrical devices, sensors.

U njih su ugrađeni mehanički električni uređaji, senzori.

You decode what you want to fold up into,

Dekodirate ono što želite da se presavine,

into a sequence of angles --

u niz kuteva --

so negative 120, negative 120, 0, 0,

dakle, negativno 120, negatino 120, 0, 0,

120, negative 120 -- something like that;

120, negativno 120 -- nešto poput toga;

so a sequence of angles, or turns,

dakle, niz kuteva, ili zavoja,

and you send that sequence through the string.

i pošaljete taj niz kroz žicu.

Each unit takes its message -- so negative 120 --

Dakle, svaka jedinica uzima svoju poruku -- dakle, negativno 120.

it rotates to that, checks if it got there

Rotira do toga, provjerava je li došlo do tamo

and then passes it to its neighbor.

i zatim je prepušta svom susjedu.

So these are the brilliant scientists,

Dakle, ovo su briljantni znanstvenici,

engineers, designers that worked on this project.

inžinjeri, dizajneri koji su radili na ovom projektu.

And I think it really brings to light:

I mislim kako stvarno dovodi do pitanja:

Is this really scalable?

Je li doista skalabilno?

I mean, thousands of dollars, lots of man hours

Mislim, tisuće dolara, mnogo radnih sati

made to make this eight-foot robot.

je uloženo kako bi se napravio ovaj 2,4 m visok robot.

Can we really scale this up? Can we really embed robotics into every part?

Možemo li doista to nadmašiti? Možemo li doista ugraditi robotiku u svaki dio?

The next one questions that

Idući preispituje to

and looks at passive nature,

i promatra pasivnu prirodu,

or passively trying to have reconfiguration programmability.

ili pasivno pokušava imati rekonfiguraciju programibilnosti.

But it goes a step further,

Ali ide i korak dalje,

and it tries to have actual computation.

i pokušava imati stvarnu moć izračuna.

It basically embeds the most fundamental building block of computing,

U osnovi ugrađuje najosnovnije građevne blokove računalstva,

the digital logic gate,

digitalna logička vrata,

directly into your parts.

izravno u vaše dijelove.

So this is a NAND gate.

Dakle, ovo su NAND vrata.

You have one tetrahedron which is the gate

Imate jedan tetraedar koji predstavlja vrata

that's going to do your computing,

koja će vršiti vaše izračune,

and you have two input tetrahedrons.

i imate dva ulazna tetraedrona.

One of them is the input from the user, as you're building your bricks.

Jedan od njih je ulaz s korisničke strane, kako polažete svoje cigle.

The other one is from the previous brick that was placed.

Drugi je od prethodne cigle koja je postavljena.

And then it gives you an output in 3D space.

I zatim vam daje izlaz u 3D prostoru.

So what this means

Dakle, što to znači

is that the user can start plugging in what they want the bricks to do.

je da se korisnik može uključivati u ono što cigle rade.

It computes on what it was doing before

Računa na osnovi onoga što je radio prije

and what you said you wanted it to do.

i što ste rekli da želite da radi.

And now it starts moving in three-dimensional space --

A sada se počinje kretati u trodimenzionalnom prostoru --

so up or down.

dakle, gore ili dolje.

So on the left-hand side, [1,1] input equals 0 output, which goes down.

Dakle, s lijeve strane, [1,1] ulaz je jednak 0, što znači da ide dolje.

On the right-hand side,

S desne strane,

[0,0] input is a 1 output, which goes up.

[0,0] ulaz je jednak izlaznoj 1, što znači da ide gore.

And so what that really means

I dakle, što to zapravo znači

is that our structures now contain the blueprints

je da naše strukture sada sadrže nacrte

of what we want to build.

onoga što želimo izgraditi.

So they have all of the information embedded in them of what was constructed.

Dakle, imaju sve informacije ugrađene u njima onoga što je sagrađeno.

So that means that we can have some form of self-replication.

Dakle, to znači da možemo imati neki oblik samo-dupliciranja.

In this case I call it self-guided replication,

U ovom slučaju, ja je nazivam samohodno dupliciranje,

because your structure contains the exact blueprints.

jer vaša struktura sadrži točne nacrte.

If you have errors, you can replace a part.

Ukoliko imate grešaka, možete zamijeniti dio.

All the local information is embedded to tell you how to fix it.

Sva lokalna informacija je ugrađena kako bi vam rekla kako to popraviti.

So you could have something that climbs along and reads it

Dakle, mogli biste imati nešto što se vuče po tome i čita to

and can output at one to one.

i može dati izlazi jedan naprema jedan.

It's directly embedded; there's no external instructions.

Izravno je ugrađeno; nema vanjskih instrukcija.

So the last project I'll show is called Biased Chains,

Dakle, posljednji projekt koji ću vam pokazati se zove Nagibni Lanci,

and it's probably the most exciting example that we have right now

i to je vjerojatno najuzbudljiviji primjer što sada imamo

of passive self-assembly systems.

pasivnih samo-sastavljajućih sustava.

So it takes the reconfigurability

Dakle, uzima rekonfigurabilnost

and programmability

i programabilnost

and makes it a completely passive system.

i pretvara ga u potpuno pasivni sustav.

So basically you have a chain of elements.

Dakle, u osnovi imate lanac elemenata.

Each element is completely identical,

Svaki element je potpuno identičan,

and they're biased.

i oni su nagibni.

So each chain, or each element, wants to turn right or left.

Dakle, svaki lanac, ili svaki element, se želi zaokrenuti lijevo ili desno.

So as you assemble the chain, you're basically programming it.

Dakle, kako sastavljate lanac, vi ga u osnovi programirate.

You're telling each unit if it should turn right or left.

Govorite svakoj jedinici bi li se treba okrenuti lijevo ili desno.

So when you shake the chain,

Dakle, kada protresete lanac,

it then folds up

zatim se skupi

into any configuration that you've programmed in --

u bilo koju konfiguraciju za koju ste ga isprogramirali --

so in this case, a spiral,

dakle, u ovom slučaju, u spiralu,

or in this case,

ili u ovom slučaju,

two cubes next to each other.

dvije kocke jedna pored druge.

So you can basically program

Dakle, u osnovi možete isprogramirati

any three-dimensional shape --

bilo koji trodimenzionalni oblik --

or one-dimensional, two-dimensional -- up into this chain completely passively.

ili jednodimenzionalni, dvodimenzionalni -- u ovaj lanac potpuno pasivno.

So what does this tell us about the future?

Dakle, što nam to govori o budućnosti?

I think that it's telling us

Mislim kako nam govori

that there's new possibilities for self-assembly, replication, repair

kako postoje nove mogućnosti za samo-sastavljanje, repliciranje, popravak

in our physical structures, our buildings, machines.

u našim fizičkim strukturama, našim zgradama, strojevima.

There's new programmability in these parts.

Ovdje je nova programabilnost u ovim dijelovima.

And from that you have new possibilities for computing.

A iz toga imate nove mogućnosti za računanje.

We'll have spatial computing.

Imati ćemo prostorno računanje.

Imagine if our buildings, our bridges, machines,

Zamislite kada bi naše zgrade, naši mostovi, strojevi,

all of our bricks could actually compute.

sve naše cigle mogle zapravo računati.

That's amazing parallel and distributed computing power,

To je nevjerojatna paralela i distribuirana moć računanja,

new design possibilities.

nove dizajnerske mogućnosti.

So it's exciting potential for this.

Dakle, potencijal za to je uzbudljiv.

So I think these projects I've showed here

Stoga mislim kako su ti projekti koje sam vam pokazao

are just a tiny step towards this future,

samo sićušan korak prema budućnosti,

if we implement these new technologies

ukoliko implementiramo te nove tehnologije

for a new self-assembling world.

za novi svijet samo-sastavljanja.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)