The role of human emotions in science and research | Ilona Stengel

135,019 views ・ 2018-03-19

TED


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00:12
I'm a scientist,
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and I'm a big fan of Star Trek,
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especially of Mr. Spock.
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Mr. Spock is a scientist as well,
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and at the same time, he's the first [officer]
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of the starship Enterprise,
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and during the adventures of the Enterprise crew,
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he and his colleagues are dealing a lot
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with the presence or absence of Mr. Spock's emotions.
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Mr. Spock is half-human and half-Vulcan,
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and Vulcans are an alien race
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who learn to control and suppress their feelings
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and to act purely out of logic.
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As Mr. Spock is only half-Vulcan,
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he sees himself constantly in conflict in between logic and emotions,
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and as he's part of a team,
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the whole crew is struggling with,
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is analyzing,
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and is making fun of this conflict.
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And also the fans of Star Trek watch with amusement
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this seemingly contradictory behavior.
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They find it quite fascinating.
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And the matter is a golden thread
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through the whole Star Trek series and movies from the '60s until today.
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And that's actually what I want to talk about today:
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the role of emotions in science.
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We tend to think that science is all about facts and logic
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and human feelings are often neglected or considered an obstacle to get rid of.
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I would like to suggest that emotions are as important in science
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as they are in any other part of our lives.
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Science is made by humans,
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and as human beings,
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even if we try hard, we cannot get rid of our emotions.
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So instead of fighting them,
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I believe that even in science, we should make use of our feelings,
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because for breakthroughs and innovation,
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they are equally important as facts and logic.
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I will come back to Mr. Spock,
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but first let me share my experience on the role of emotions in science,
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and one story in particular kept me thinking about it
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for the last couple of years.
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I'm working in research on organic light-emitting diodes,
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so-called OLEDs.
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This is how you might know them,
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as new generation of displays.
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OLEDs are more and more used in smartphone displays and TV screens.
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They make them appear bright, truly colorful and bendable.
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This is how they look like
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in the research lab of my physicist colleagues.
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And this is what I, as a chemist,
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have in mind when I think about them.
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I've loved it ever since I started to work on it.
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So I didn't really like the news
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when the company I had been working for --
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that was my previous employer --
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announced that they wanted to stop OLED research.
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At the time, the management had reasons for this decision,
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and the company handled it very well, actually.
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Nobody lost their jobs,
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and everybody was rewarded for their performed work.
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What I want to show you today
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is what happened with my scientist colleagues and me
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during the time in between the announcement
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and the last working day on our project.
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Consider it a small case study on emotions in science.
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In 2015, our research team had grown to more than 80 people,
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and even after the announcement that our project was discontinued,
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we could not stop working from one day to another.
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It took several months to bring all activities to a sound end
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and to find new jobs within the company for everyone.
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Here's what happened.
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Even though we knew that we were working on a project
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that was to be stopped,
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during those months our output hit the roof.
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We were actually working on two different OLED projects:
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first, the development of materials for blue-shining OLEDs,
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which had started in 2001;
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and second, materials for green OLEDs, which had started in 2014.
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And the results I show you here concern the green OLED project.
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In the graph, you can see how the lifetime,
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which is a crucial measure for the durability of our devices,
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developed over time.
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In 2015, just half a year into the project,
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we were told to scale down,
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to stop working on the project as soon as possible
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and to start over in other jobs.
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Nevertheless, from this time on,
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our results continued to improve rapidly.
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How did that happen?
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After the announcement, pretty quickly, colleagues started leaving the team,
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and soon, we were left in a small group,
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all pretty much sharing the same attitude of,
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"I'm going to be the last person leaving the ship."
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What I mean is,
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while the number of scientists working on the project was decreasing,
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the dedication of people remaining grew dramatically.
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And also, a new and more intense team spirit formed.
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We all shared the same passion for our work,
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we all were sad that it was about to end,
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and we all wanted to show that we could turn our ideas into reality.
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We felt that we belonged to something bigger.
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And furthermore,
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our project was less and less in the focus of the management,
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because they started to think about new projects,
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restructuring and so on.
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This resulted in additional freedom
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and the possibility to take a few things into our own hands.
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Of course, more freedom also means more responsibility,
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which we were happy to take, because we believed in our work.
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We felt empowered.
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And these three pillars --
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dedication, belonging and empowerment --
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worked together in a kind of self-reinforcing cycle,
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and the closer we got to shutdown,
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the better our output became.
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So we were working with such personal engagement
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on a project already sentenced to death
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because we felt connected to something meaningful.
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Of course, it was also a hard and sometimes frustrating time,
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but we were sitting together in the lab,
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or occasionally in the café,
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sharing our sadness about the end of our project
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as well as the joy in our work.
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So overall, we had a very intense and mesmerizingly exciting time.
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And the lifetime we finally obtained for our materials
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was on one level with already commercialized materials
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for green OLEDs at the time,
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and we achieved this within just one year.
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And those results helped our employer
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to sell the patents for real value.
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Now, let me tell you the same story
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with different characters and a slightly different operation.
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The story is part of Star Trek.
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And sorry for those of you who haven't seen the movies,
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but I need to introduce a spoiler here.
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After Mr. Spock sacrificed himself to save the starship Enterprise
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at the end of Star Trek II,
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Captain Kirk and his core team
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were determined to hunt through the universe to search for Spock,
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even though they could see only very little chance
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in finding him alive.
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And Starfleet Command did not give them permission
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nor a starship to do so,
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so they took it very passionately into their own hands
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to travel out to find Spock.
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And after dealing with great challenges, they eventually found Spock,
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and he happily and gratefully joined the team again.
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He could feel the dedication and the connection of his team
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towards their project, which was to save him
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and to hold the crew together.
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And over the years, over the episodes of the saga,
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Mr. Spock came to realize
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that the combination of both logic and emotions
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is crucial for facing challenges and exploring new worlds,
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and there was no contradiction anymore.
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So the storyline here for both our OLED story and Star Trek
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is actually the basic setting for a lot of breakthrough stories,
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in and out of science.
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The main characters are all part of a great team.
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All team members show a huge dedication towards reaching their goal.
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They strive to seize all the freedom they can get,
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and they take the responsibility they need to take.
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During the time our OLED project was nearing the end,
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I received one piece of advice several times.
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"Don't take it to your heart.
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You can work on something else."
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If I had followed it,
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it would have saved me several depressed evenings
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and many tears,
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but at the same time,
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I would have failed to gain a great deal in personal development and happiness.
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And as the same is true for my colleagues and our whole project,
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we would have achieved far less.
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So of course, science should be based on facts and logic.
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When I say we should use our emotions in science,
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I do not suggest we should use feelings instead of facts.
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But I say we should not be afraid of using our feelings
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to implement and to catalyze fact-based science and innovation.
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Emotions and logic do not oppose each other.
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They complement each other,
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and they reinforce each other.
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The feeling of being dedicated to something meaningful,
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of belonging to something bigger
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and of being empowered
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is crucial for creativity and innovation.
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Whatever you are working on,
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make sure that it matters,
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and take it to your heart as much as you like.
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Thank you.
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(Applause)
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