The role of human emotions in science and research | Ilona Stengel

135,640 views ・ 2018-03-19

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:12
I'm a scientist,
0
12752
2176
00:14
and I'm a big fan of Star Trek,
1
14952
3088
00:18
especially of Mr. Spock.
2
18064
2476
00:21
Mr. Spock is a scientist as well,
3
21781
2026
00:23
and at the same time, he's the first [officer]
4
23831
2157
00:26
of the starship Enterprise,
5
26012
2968
00:29
and during the adventures of the Enterprise crew,
6
29004
3120
00:32
he and his colleagues are dealing a lot
7
32148
2126
00:34
with the presence or absence of Mr. Spock's emotions.
8
34298
4642
00:39
Mr. Spock is half-human and half-Vulcan,
9
39924
3707
00:43
and Vulcans are an alien race
10
43655
2658
00:46
who learn to control and suppress their feelings
11
46337
2715
00:49
and to act purely out of logic.
12
49076
2014
00:51
As Mr. Spock is only half-Vulcan,
13
51995
2715
00:54
he sees himself constantly in conflict in between logic and emotions,
14
54734
5557
01:00
and as he's part of a team,
15
60315
2024
01:02
the whole crew is struggling with,
16
62363
2880
01:05
is analyzing,
17
65267
1771
01:07
and is making fun of this conflict.
18
67062
1825
01:09
And also the fans of Star Trek watch with amusement
19
69566
2907
01:12
this seemingly contradictory behavior.
20
72497
2231
01:15
They find it quite fascinating.
21
75155
3113
01:19
And the matter is a golden thread
22
79362
1666
01:21
through the whole Star Trek series and movies from the '60s until today.
23
81052
3663
01:25
And that's actually what I want to talk about today:
24
85091
2825
01:27
the role of emotions in science.
25
87940
2326
01:31
We tend to think that science is all about facts and logic
26
91353
4343
01:35
and human feelings are often neglected or considered an obstacle to get rid of.
27
95720
4309
01:40
I would like to suggest that emotions are as important in science
28
100989
4311
01:45
as they are in any other part of our lives.
29
105324
2261
01:48
Science is made by humans,
30
108195
2183
01:50
and as human beings,
31
110402
1705
01:52
even if we try hard, we cannot get rid of our emotions.
32
112131
3814
01:56
So instead of fighting them,
33
116704
2179
01:58
I believe that even in science, we should make use of our feelings,
34
118907
3548
02:02
because for breakthroughs and innovation,
35
122479
2206
02:04
they are equally important as facts and logic.
36
124709
2611
02:09
I will come back to Mr. Spock,
37
129256
1960
02:11
but first let me share my experience on the role of emotions in science,
38
131240
5152
02:16
and one story in particular kept me thinking about it
39
136416
2889
02:19
for the last couple of years.
40
139329
1697
02:21
I'm working in research on organic light-emitting diodes,
41
141940
4255
02:26
so-called OLEDs.
42
146219
1523
02:28
This is how you might know them,
43
148233
2005
02:30
as new generation of displays.
44
150262
2254
02:33
OLEDs are more and more used in smartphone displays and TV screens.
45
153262
4325
02:37
They make them appear bright, truly colorful and bendable.
46
157611
4707
02:43
This is how they look like
47
163963
1251
02:45
in the research lab of my physicist colleagues.
48
165238
2608
02:48
And this is what I, as a chemist,
49
168979
2191
02:51
have in mind when I think about them.
50
171194
2444
02:53
I've loved it ever since I started to work on it.
51
173662
2865
02:57
So I didn't really like the news
52
177415
2196
02:59
when the company I had been working for --
53
179635
2318
03:01
that was my previous employer --
54
181977
2202
03:04
announced that they wanted to stop OLED research.
55
184203
2801
03:08
At the time, the management had reasons for this decision,
56
188159
2931
03:11
and the company handled it very well, actually.
57
191114
2418
03:13
Nobody lost their jobs,
58
193556
1780
03:15
and everybody was rewarded for their performed work.
59
195360
2746
03:19
What I want to show you today
60
199043
1414
03:20
is what happened with my scientist colleagues and me
61
200481
2922
03:23
during the time in between the announcement
62
203427
2737
03:26
and the last working day on our project.
63
206188
2278
03:29
Consider it a small case study on emotions in science.
64
209067
3849
03:34
In 2015, our research team had grown to more than 80 people,
65
214454
4777
03:39
and even after the announcement that our project was discontinued,
66
219255
3469
03:42
we could not stop working from one day to another.
67
222748
2488
03:45
It took several months to bring all activities to a sound end
68
225759
3931
03:49
and to find new jobs within the company for everyone.
69
229714
2888
03:53
Here's what happened.
70
233088
1333
03:54
Even though we knew that we were working on a project
71
234445
2647
03:57
that was to be stopped,
72
237116
1996
03:59
during those months our output hit the roof.
73
239136
3082
04:03
We were actually working on two different OLED projects:
74
243377
3380
04:06
first, the development of materials for blue-shining OLEDs,
75
246781
3993
04:10
which had started in 2001;
76
250798
2636
04:13
and second, materials for green OLEDs, which had started in 2014.
77
253458
5673
04:19
And the results I show you here concern the green OLED project.
78
259155
3317
04:23
In the graph, you can see how the lifetime,
79
263297
2732
04:26
which is a crucial measure for the durability of our devices,
80
266053
3787
04:29
developed over time.
81
269864
1657
04:32
In 2015, just half a year into the project,
82
272677
4071
04:36
we were told to scale down,
83
276772
2406
04:39
to stop working on the project as soon as possible
84
279202
3175
04:42
and to start over in other jobs.
85
282401
1793
04:44
Nevertheless, from this time on,
86
284987
2541
04:47
our results continued to improve rapidly.
87
287552
3003
04:52
How did that happen?
88
292097
1150
04:55
After the announcement, pretty quickly, colleagues started leaving the team,
89
295070
4263
04:59
and soon, we were left in a small group,
90
299357
2436
05:01
all pretty much sharing the same attitude of,
91
301817
3044
05:04
"I'm going to be the last person leaving the ship."
92
304885
2563
05:08
What I mean is,
93
308410
1472
05:09
while the number of scientists working on the project was decreasing,
94
309906
4029
05:13
the dedication of people remaining grew dramatically.
95
313959
3683
05:19
And also, a new and more intense team spirit formed.
96
319054
3580
05:23
We all shared the same passion for our work,
97
323543
3227
05:26
we all were sad that it was about to end,
98
326794
3277
05:30
and we all wanted to show that we could turn our ideas into reality.
99
330095
3770
05:34
We felt that we belonged to something bigger.
100
334647
2841
05:38
And furthermore,
101
338790
1579
05:40
our project was less and less in the focus of the management,
102
340393
3692
05:44
because they started to think about new projects,
103
344109
2707
05:46
restructuring and so on.
104
346840
1697
05:49
This resulted in additional freedom
105
349434
2723
05:52
and the possibility to take a few things into our own hands.
106
352181
4022
05:57
Of course, more freedom also means more responsibility,
107
357001
4746
06:01
which we were happy to take, because we believed in our work.
108
361771
3866
06:05
We felt empowered.
109
365989
1672
06:08
And these three pillars --
110
368589
1796
06:10
dedication, belonging and empowerment --
111
370409
4828
06:15
worked together in a kind of self-reinforcing cycle,
112
375261
3445
06:18
and the closer we got to shutdown,
113
378730
2149
06:20
the better our output became.
114
380903
1659
06:23
So we were working with such personal engagement
115
383241
2556
06:25
on a project already sentenced to death
116
385821
2286
06:28
because we felt connected to something meaningful.
117
388131
3400
06:33
Of course, it was also a hard and sometimes frustrating time,
118
393440
4961
06:38
but we were sitting together in the lab,
119
398425
2016
06:40
or occasionally in the café,
120
400465
2080
06:42
sharing our sadness about the end of our project
121
402569
3357
06:45
as well as the joy in our work.
122
405950
2531
06:48
So overall, we had a very intense and mesmerizingly exciting time.
123
408505
5449
06:54
And the lifetime we finally obtained for our materials
124
414466
3904
06:58
was on one level with already commercialized materials
125
418394
3539
07:01
for green OLEDs at the time,
126
421957
2117
07:04
and we achieved this within just one year.
127
424098
2539
07:07
And those results helped our employer
128
427431
3048
07:10
to sell the patents for real value.
129
430503
2293
07:14
Now, let me tell you the same story
130
434923
3186
07:18
with different characters and a slightly different operation.
131
438133
3723
07:22
The story is part of Star Trek.
132
442341
1710
07:24
And sorry for those of you who haven't seen the movies,
133
444602
2613
07:27
but I need to introduce a spoiler here.
134
447239
1966
07:30
After Mr. Spock sacrificed himself to save the starship Enterprise
135
450643
4688
07:35
at the end of Star Trek II,
136
455355
2300
07:37
Captain Kirk and his core team
137
457679
1567
07:39
were determined to hunt through the universe to search for Spock,
138
459270
4203
07:43
even though they could see only very little chance
139
463497
2584
07:46
in finding him alive.
140
466105
1399
07:48
And Starfleet Command did not give them permission
141
468393
2801
07:51
nor a starship to do so,
142
471218
2109
07:53
so they took it very passionately into their own hands
143
473351
3421
07:56
to travel out to find Spock.
144
476796
1888
07:59
And after dealing with great challenges, they eventually found Spock,
145
479657
3918
08:03
and he happily and gratefully joined the team again.
146
483599
3334
08:08
He could feel the dedication and the connection of his team
147
488235
3548
08:11
towards their project, which was to save him
148
491807
3444
08:15
and to hold the crew together.
149
495275
1532
08:18
And over the years, over the episodes of the saga,
150
498172
3916
08:22
Mr. Spock came to realize
151
502112
1588
08:23
that the combination of both logic and emotions
152
503724
5019
08:28
is crucial for facing challenges and exploring new worlds,
153
508767
4801
08:33
and there was no contradiction anymore.
154
513592
2055
08:37
So the storyline here for both our OLED story and Star Trek
155
517151
5063
08:42
is actually the basic setting for a lot of breakthrough stories,
156
522238
3199
08:45
in and out of science.
157
525461
1721
08:48
The main characters are all part of a great team.
158
528279
3603
08:52
All team members show a huge dedication towards reaching their goal.
159
532915
4437
08:58
They strive to seize all the freedom they can get,
160
538710
3437
09:02
and they take the responsibility they need to take.
161
542171
3165
09:07
During the time our OLED project was nearing the end,
162
547299
3318
09:10
I received one piece of advice several times.
163
550641
3388
09:15
"Don't take it to your heart.
164
555218
1651
09:17
You can work on something else."
165
557591
1770
09:20
If I had followed it,
166
560456
1493
09:21
it would have saved me several depressed evenings
167
561973
3690
09:25
and many tears,
168
565687
1165
09:28
but at the same time,
169
568095
1413
09:29
I would have failed to gain a great deal in personal development and happiness.
170
569532
5476
09:36
And as the same is true for my colleagues and our whole project,
171
576375
3335
09:39
we would have achieved far less.
172
579734
1729
09:42
So of course, science should be based on facts and logic.
173
582614
4158
09:47
When I say we should use our emotions in science,
174
587720
3452
09:51
I do not suggest we should use feelings instead of facts.
175
591196
3358
09:55
But I say we should not be afraid of using our feelings
176
595321
3338
09:58
to implement and to catalyze fact-based science and innovation.
177
598683
3764
10:03
Emotions and logic do not oppose each other.
178
603229
3253
10:06
They complement each other,
179
606967
2109
10:09
and they reinforce each other.
180
609100
1849
10:12
The feeling of being dedicated to something meaningful,
181
612317
4260
10:16
of belonging to something bigger
182
616601
3165
10:19
and of being empowered
183
619790
1970
10:21
is crucial for creativity and innovation.
184
621784
2761
10:26
Whatever you are working on,
185
626063
1500
10:28
make sure that it matters,
186
628643
1468
10:31
and take it to your heart as much as you like.
187
631254
2261
10:34
Thank you.
188
634642
1151
10:35
(Applause)
189
635817
4746
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7