How we can stop Africa's scientific brain drain | Kevin Njabo

35,830 views ・ 2018-02-06

TED


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So many of us who care about sustainable development
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and the livelihood of local people
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do so for deeply personal reasons.
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I grew up in Cameroon,
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a country of enchanting beauty and rich biodiversity,
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but plagued by poor governance, environmental destruction, and poverty.
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As a child, like we see with most children in sub-Saharan Africa today,
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I regularly suffered from malaria.
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To this day, more than one million people die from malaria every year,
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mostly children under the age of five,
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with 90 percent occurring in sub-Saharan Africa.
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When I was 18, I left Cameroon
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in search of better educational opportunities.
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At the time, there was just one university in Cameroon,
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but Nigeria next door offered some opportunities
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for Cameroonians of English extraction to be trained in various fields.
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So I moved there,
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but practicing my trade,
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upon graduation as an ecologist in Nigeria,
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was an even bigger challenge.
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So I left the continent
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when I was offered a scholarship to Boston University for my PhD.
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It is disheartening to see that,
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with all our challenges,
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with all the talents,
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with all the skills we have in Africa as a continent,
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we tend to solve our problems
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by parachuting in experts from the West for short stays,
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exporting the best and brightest out of Africa,
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and treating Africa as a continent in perpetual need of handouts.
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After my training at Boston University,
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I joined a research team
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at the University of California's
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Institute of the Environment and Sustainability
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because of its reputation for groundbreaking research
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and the development of policies and programs
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that save the lives of millions of people the world over,
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including in the developing world.
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And it has been shown
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that for every skilled African that returns home,
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nine new jobs are created in the formal and informal sectors.
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So as part of our program, therefore, to build a sustainable Africa together,
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we are leading a multi-initiative to develop the Congo Basin Institute,
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a permanent base
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where Africans can work in partnership with international researchers,
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but working out their own solutions to their own problems.
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We are using our interdisciplinary approach to show how universities,
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NGOs and private business
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can partner in international development.
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So instead of parachuting in experts from the West for short stays,
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we are building a permanent presence in Africa,
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a one-stop shop for logistics, housing
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and development of collaborative projects
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between Africans and international researchers.
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So this has allowed students like Michel
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to receive high-quality training in Africa.
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Michel is currently working in our labs
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to investigate the effects of climate change on insects, for his PhD,
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and has already secured his post-doctorate fellowship
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that will enable him to stay on the continent.
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Also through our local help program,
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Dr. Gbenga Abiodun, a young Nigerian scientist,
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can work as a post-doctoral fellow
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with the Foundation for Professional Development
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in the University of Western Cape in South Africa
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and the University of California at the same time,
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investigating the effects of climate variability and change
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on malaria transmission in Africa.
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Indeed, Gbenga is currently developing models
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that will be used as an early warning system
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to predict malaria transmission in Africa.
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So rather than exporting our best and brightest out of Africa,
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we are nurturing and supporting local talent in Africa.
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For example, like me,
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Dr. Eric Fokam was trained in the US.
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He returned home to Cameroon, but couldn't secure the necessary grants,
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and he found it incredibly challenging
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to practice and learn the science he knew he could.
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So when I met Eric,
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he was on the verge of returning to the US.
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But we convinced him to start collaborating
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with the Congo Basin Institute.
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Today, his lab in Buea has over half a dozen collaborative grants
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with researchers from the US and Europe
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supporting 14 graduate students, nine of them women,
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all carrying out groundbreaking research
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understanding biodiversity under climate change,
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human health and nutrition.
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(Applause)
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So rather than buy into the ideas of Africa taking handouts,
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we are using our interdisciplinary approach
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to empower Africans to find their own solutions.
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Right now, we are working with local communities and students,
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a US entrepreneur,
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scientists from the US and Africa
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to find a way to sustainably grow ebony, the iconic African hardwood.
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Ebonies, like most African hardwood, are exploited for timber,
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but we know very little about their ecology,
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what disperses them,
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how they survive in our forest 80 to 200 years.
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This is Arvin,
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a young PhD student working in our labs,
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conducting what is turning out to be some cutting-edge tissue culture work.
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Arvin is holding in her hands
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the first ebony tree that was produced entirely from tissues.
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This is unique in Africa.
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We can now show that you can produce African timber
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from different plant tissues --
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leaves, stems, roots --
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in addition from generating them from seeds,
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which is a very difficult task.
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(Applause)
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So other students will take the varieties of ebony
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which Arvin identifies in our lab,
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graft them to produce saplings,
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and work with local communities to co-produce ebony
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with local fruit tree species in their various farms
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using our own tree farm approach,
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whereby we invite all the farmers
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to choose their own tree species they want in their farms.
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So in addition to the ebony,
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the species which the farmers choose themselves
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will be produced using our modern techniques
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and incorporated into their land-use systems,
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so that they start benefiting from these products
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while waiting for the ebony to mature.
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Today we are planting 15,000 ebony trees in Cameroon,
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and for the first time,
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ebony won't be harvested from the middle of a pristine forest.
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This is the model for our African hardwoods,
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and we are extending this to include sapele and bubinga,
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other highly prized hardwoods.
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So if these examples existed when I was 18,
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I would never have left,
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but because of initiatives by the Congo Basin Institute,
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I am coming back,
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but I'm not coming back alone.
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I'm bringing with me Western scientists,
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entrepreneurs and students,
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the best science from the best universities in the world,
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to work and to live in Africa.
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But we all need to scale up this local, powerful and empowering approach.
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So far we have half a dozen universities and NGOs as partners.
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We are planning to build
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a green facility that will expand on our existing laboratory space
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and add more housing and conference facilities
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to promote a long-term disciplinary approach.
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I want it to offer more opportunities to young African scholars,
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and would scale it up by leveraging
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the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture's existing network
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of 17 research stations across sub-Saharan Africa.
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The tables are starting to turn ...
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and I hope they keep turning,
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to reach several African nations
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like Côte d'Ivoire, Tanzania and Senegal,
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among the top fastest growing economies
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that can attract several opportunities for private-sector investment.
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We want to give more opportunities to African scholars,
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and I long to see a day
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when the most intelligent Africans will stay on this continent
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and receive high-quality education
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through initiatives like the Congo Basin Institute,
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and when that happens,
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Africa will be on the way to solving Africa's problems.
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And in 50 years, I hope someone will be giving a TED Talk
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on how to stop the brain drain of Westerners leaving your homes
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to work and live in Africa.
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(Applause)
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Thank you.
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(Applause)
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