Making a TED-Ed Lesson: Two ways to animate slam poetry

翻译人员: Yuyang Zhao 校对人员: Coco Shen

In this short video,

在这个短片中，

we're going to show you how we use

我们将向你展示如何将

two different animation techniques,

两种不同的动画技术：

both rotoscoping

影像描摹

and traditional hand-drawn animation

和传统手绘动画

in the TED-Ed Lesson,

应用到TED-Ed课程。

"Miss Gayle's 5 Steps to Slam Poetry:

“盖尔女士的诗歌大满贯五步法:

A Lesson of Transformation."

转变的技巧"中的

A poetry slam is a competition

诗歌大满贯是一个比赛

in which poets are judged on their poems,

诗人按照他们的诗歌进行评价

often for qualities of emotional power

感情丰富的诗歌

and lyrical resonance.

和感情共鸣的诗歌。

Our Lesson was created by Gayle Danley,

我们的课程由Gayle Danley创立，

a veteran slam poet

一位经验丰富的说唱诗人

who spent decades teaching children

他花费几十年的时间教育孩子

to express themselves through spoken words,

通过口语来表现自己，

a Lesson, which offers a guide to creating poetry

是一门为创作是个提供指导

with immediacy and power,

用力量和时间

也提供大量的恰当的实例。

also serves as a great example of exactly that.

It's a story told in the form of a poem

以诗歌的形式讲述故事

that packs a real emotional punch.

充满真实的情感。

She introduces Tyler,

她介绍了泰勒，

who's sitting in an 11th grade writing class,

一位11年级写作班上的学生

struggling with the assignment of having to write a poem

努力通过写诗完成作业

based on a personal experience.

在他的真实经历的基础上。

The story is told from two perspectives,

从2个方面简述这个故事

one external

一个是外部

and one internal.

另一个是内部。

Miss Gayle's narration sets the stage

Gayle女士的叙述从

of the outside world,

外部世界

and spoken word artist Pages D. Matan

而口语艺术大师Pages D. Matan

performs Tyler's inner voice.

展现了Tyler的内心世界。

To set these two realms

为了展现这两个世界

of inner- and outer-experience apart,

内部和外部世界被分开，

a different animation technique was used

采用不同的动画技术

to illustrate each.

来展示每一部分。

The real world was animated by rotoscoping,

真实的世界采用影像描摹技术

with a frame-by-frame tracing of live-action footage

一帧一帧地追踪他的生活足迹

in black and white line art.

采用黑白线条艺术。

The animation depicting the inner-stream

描述内心世界的动画

of consciousness world of Tyler's memories

tyler的内部意识活动

was traditionally drawn on paper,

采用传统的手绘动画技术，

featured watercolored backgrounds

采用水彩背景刻画

and a more expressionistic design.

和更多的感情设计。

Once deciding on this general approach,

一旦确定了这种通常方法，

the project went right into pre-production.

在设计制作前期。

In animation, pre-production is the planning stage.

在动画中，制作前期是设计规划期。

It's all the decisions that need to be made

需要做出所有的决定

before going and actually making the thing

实际制作开始前

in its final form.

以最终形式。

This can include developing

这可能包括

the look or design of the piece,

剧情发展或者剧目设计

色彩实验和镜头角度，

experimenting with colors and camera angles,

revising the script,

剧本改进，

and so on.

等等。

All these decisions are important

所有这些决定都非常重要

because they determine how much work and time

因为这些决定了工作量和时间

the production will take.

如何进行分配。

Extra time spent here figuring things out

也有一些额外的时间需要考虑

can often save a lot of time down the road.

这经常能节省大量的后期时间。

For our project, a storyboard was first created,

对我们的项目来说， 首先建立情节串联图版，

in which the framing, composition, and imagery

框架、剧本和影像

for each shot was determined.

每一个镜头都要确定。

Then an animatic was made,

接下来是制作动画

which is basically a movie of the storyboard.

基本上就是情节串联图版的电影形式

This helped us figure out the timing of each shot.

这有助于我们确定每一部分的时间。

It also helped us get an idea

也帮助我们得到一些想法

of how well everything would flow together visually

每一部分放到一起时的视觉感受如何

between our rotoscoped

and traditionally animated scenes

在影响描摹技术

和传统动画影像之间

once they were assembled.

一旦我们组装完成。

For the rotoscoped shots, we first had to create

对于影像描摹镜头，首先我们必须创造

the live action footage to be traced.

需要描绘的实际生活的连续镜头

Working with what we had in our humble office,

这些工作在我们的临时工作室完成，

we created a classroom of desks

我们建立有课桌的教室

using only one small table.

仅用一个小桌子

We shot this multiple times

我们通过多次拍摄

from each angle the storyboard called for,

按照情节串联图版从不同的角度

each time with a different volunteer

每次用不同的志愿者

from among our co-workers.

从我们的合作人员中选择。

Our source footage elements

我们大量的连续镜头单元

then needed to be composited,

接下来，需要进行编辑

or assembled and arranged together,

或者剪辑、编辑到一起，

before we could rotoscope them.

在影响描摹前。

A composite is a special effects term

编辑是一个特殊效果术语

for a shot that combines two or more elements in it

组合两个或多个单元为一个镜头

that were created separately.

分开进行制作。

To do this, we used After Effects,

为了这样，我们用效果后的影像，

a digital compositing and motion graphics program.

一种数字编辑和运动图像程序。

The first step was to isolate

第一步是分离

the part of the frame we needed

我们需要的框架部分

by masking off the unnecessary negative space,

通过处理不需要的空间，

or parts of the frame we didn't need.

或者不需要的部分。

The individual shots were then each layered

接着，单个镜头被放置在各个层中

into one composite shot,

构成一个复合镜头

resized and arranged appropriately

使当地尽心大小和位置调整

to create the illusion of them

产生一种错觉

all being there in perspective at the same time.

同时出现在一个场景中

Every third frame was then exported

然后从这段镜头中每三帧抽取一帧

as an image sequence,

ready to be rotoscoped.

作为图像序列

等待影响描摹

The tracing was done digitally,

描摹过程是数字化的

drawn directly on a Cintiq monitor.

直接画在Cintiq显示屏上

The rest of the animation

其余部分的动画

was done by hand on paper.

手工在纸上绘画。

Unlike rotoscoping,

与影响描摹不同

here the timing and motion of the animation

每场动画动作和时间

was all planned out by the animator ahead of time.

都是需要制作人员提前计划好

An appropriate number of drawings were then done

需要画好几幅画

to accomplish the movement.

为了完成一个动作

Each animation drawing is then scanned,

每幅画都要被扫描

registered,

编号

and sequenced together in the computer.

然后按序扫描到电脑里

That animation sequence is then composited

然后这个动画图像序列被编辑

with the layered background art.

背景和图层进行合成

Camera moves are then plotted out and executed.

制作人员设置摄像机镜头进出

One way that poetry uses language

诗歌运用语言的方式

to communicate emotions and ideas

为了传达感情和思想

is through the use of metaphor.

隐喻经常被采用

"Mama's lies are footsteps too many to count

比如“妈妈的谎言像脚步一样数不过来

making excuses on black snow."

黑雪都是她的借口“

Animation's a medium that's also uniquely well-suited

动画这种媒介也独一无二地适合

to communicating emotions and ideas

传达感情和思想

通过视觉比喻

through visual metaphor.

Applying the dual techniques

通过使用两种动画技术

of rotoscoped and traditional animation,

影像描摹和传统动画

each with their own inherent looks,

每种技术都又自己内在的技巧

allowed us to visually represent

让我们可视化地表达

the dual nature of the creative process

创造过程的双重属性

described in the Lesson.

在课程中表述的。

There's the internal aspect of experience and memory,

有经历和记忆的内在方面

which is mined for inspiration,

发掘灵感

and there's the external aspect

也有外在方面

of revealing it to the world

展现给世界

through a structured presentation.

通过结构化表达

We combined both techniques for the last shots

我们组合这两种技术

of Tyler delivering his poem to the world,

把Tyler的诗通过镜头展现给世界，

allowing us to convey in a direct, visual way

通过我们直接的视觉表达

the power of that moment of communication

交流的力量

when internal becomes external,

当内部变为外部

which, in both poetry and animation,

不管诗歌还是动画，

is where the magic happens.

魔力得到了体现。