What is a fecal microbial transplant? - Kathryn M. Stephenson and David L. Suskind

364,824 views ใƒป 2023-04-13

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hyeona Seo ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:07
1,700 years ago, a Chinese alchemist named Ge Hong
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1,700๋…„ ์ „, ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์ˆ ์‚ฌ์˜€๋˜ ๊ฐˆํ™์€
00:11
was renowned for his special soup that could cure diarrhea-stricken patients.
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์„ค์‚ฌ์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:17
The stew was deep yellow, and had an intense aroma.
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๊ทธ ํƒ•์€ ์ง„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ์•„๋กœ๋งˆ ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
And, like many family recipes, it had a secret ingredient.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์ • ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋น„๋ฐ€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
00:25
But in this case, that ingredient didnโ€™t come from the kitchenโ€”
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋น„๋ฐ€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:30
it came from the bathroom.
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:32
It might seem unwise to consume feces,
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๋Œ€๋ณ€์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„์€ ์ผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:35
and today, there arenโ€™t many doctors who would prescribe Ge Hongโ€™s recipe.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ฐˆํ™์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•  ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
00:39
However, exciting new research suggests that taking poop into the body
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ชธ ์•ˆ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
00:44
in other ways might benefit our health.
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๋Œ€๋ณ€์„ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์œ ์ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
One such treatment is fecal microbial transplantation,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ถ„๋ณ€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ ์ด์‹์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:52
and the secret to how it works lives in your gut.
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์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ์žฅ์— ์ˆจ์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
Trillions and trillions of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์„ธ๊ท , ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค, ๊ณฐํŒก์ด๋ฅ˜์™€ ๊ณ ์„ธ๊ท ๋“ค์ด
01:02
consider your bowels their home.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์žฅ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
Collectively, these microbes make up whatโ€™s known as your gut microbiome,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์—ฌ ํ”ํžˆ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ์ง‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
01:09
and each of these organisms possesses dynamic, specialized abilities
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ถ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ
01:14
that seem to be essential for human life.
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์—ญ๋™์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
They break down our food, make vitamins,
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์Œ์‹์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
01:20
train our immune system and circadian rhythm,
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๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ผ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉฐ
01:23
and even protect us from infections.
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๊ฐ์—ผ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜์ง€์š”.
01:26
In return, they receive a nice warm place to live,
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๋Œ€์‹  ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ด ๊ณณ์„ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›๊ณ 
01:31
complete with an all-you-can-eat buffet.
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๋จน๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž”๋œฉ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Some research suggests our microbiomes might start forming in the womb,
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ด ์ž๊ถ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋Š”๋ฐ
01:39
but if not, they certainly get started when we're born.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด ์ด๋“ค์€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
During a vaginal birth, infants take in some of their motherโ€™s fecal matter
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์งˆ์‹ ๋ถ„๋งŒ ๋„์ค‘์—, ์‹ ์ƒ์•„๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ์ฒด์˜ ๋ถ„๋ณ€์ด๋‚˜
01:47
and microbe-filled fluids.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์•ก์ฒด์— ๋‹ฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
From then on, our microbiomes are constantly diversifying
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ์ง‘์€
๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์Œ์‹๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋กœ์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
with exposure to various foods and environments.
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01:56
This is essential for maintaining gut health.
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์ด๋Š” ์žฅ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด์ง€์š”.
02:00
If poor nutrition, chronic disease or antibiotics disturb this delicate balance,
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๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ ์˜์–‘์ƒํƒœ๋‚˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ 
02:05
the body can become vulnerable to problems
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์‹ ์ฒด๋Š” ์„ธ๊ท ๊ณผ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด์˜ ๊ณผ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋˜๋Š”
02:08
like bacteria and fungal overgrowth or infectious diarrhea.
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์„ค์‚ฌ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘์— ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
But infusing a new batch of microorganisms into the intestine
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์žฅ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:17
seems to help reset the gut microbiomeโ€”
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์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ์ง‘์„ ์žฌ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:20
this is where fecal microbial transplants come into play.
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๋ถ„๋ณ€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ ์ด์‹์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ด์ง€์š”.
02:25
This line of treatment is still very new,
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์ด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์ด๊ณ 
02:27
and there are tons of unanswered questions about how it works.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:31
So currently, the US Food and Drug Administration only allows doctors
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์ตœ๊ทผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์•ฝ๊ตญ์€
์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ณ€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ ์ด์‹์„
02:35
to use fecal transplants experimentally
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์žฅ๊ด€๊ฐ์—ผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์—๋งŒ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:38
for battling one of the toughest gut infectionsโ€”
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02:41
antibiotic-resistant Clostridiodes difficile.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํด๋กœ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋“ ๋””ํ”ผ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์—๋งŒ์š”.
02:45
This infectious bacterium forms spores in the colon that are immune to antibiotics
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์ „์—ผ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ด ์„ธ๊ท ์€ ๊ฒฐ์žฅ์— ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์— ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ด
02:51
and very difficult to destroy.
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ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
Patients dealing with this infection can experience months of intermittent fevers
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์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์—ด๊ณผ
02:58
alongside bouts of abdominal cramping and extreme diarrhea
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์ฅ์–ด์งœ๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋ณต๋ถ€ ํ†ต์ฆ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ์„ค์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
despite antibiotic treatment.
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03:04
So when symptoms get this bad, itโ€™s time for a fecal microbial transplant.
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์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์ด ์ •๋„๋กœ ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด ๋ถ„๋ณ€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ ์ด์‹์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
To start the process,
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์ด์‹์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
03:11
a gastroenterologist first retrieves some feces,
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์œ„์žฅ๊ด€ํ•™์ž๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ ์€ํ–‰์—์„œ
03:15
typically from a stool bank.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋Œ€๋ณ€์„ ๊ณจ๋ผ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
These frozen samples are particularly impressive number twosโ€”
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์–ผ์€ ํ‘œ๋ณธ๋“ค์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‘๊ฐ€์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
03:21
the selected donors go through a strict process
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์„ ํƒ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ฆ์ž๋“ค์€ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
03:24
to ensure their samples are infection-free.
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๋ณด์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
In fact, these protective protocols are so stringent,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์  ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•ด์„œ
03:31
one prominent stool bankโ€™s acceptance rate is less than 3%.
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์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ ์€ํ–‰์˜ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋ฅ ์€ 3%๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
Next, the gastroenterologist gets that sample inside the patient via a pill,
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„์žฅ๊ด€ํ•™์ž๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์•Œ์•ฝ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด์„œ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:41
or, more commonly, a tube into the stomach or colon.
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๋” ํ”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ด€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ„๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ์žฅ์— ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
Finally, the transplanted microbes migrate through the tract
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ด์‹๋œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€
์žฌ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ „์—ผ์„ฑ์˜ ์นจ์ž…์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:49
until they find the colon,
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03:51
where they quickly multiply and displace the infectious invader.
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๊ฒฐ์žฅ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ†ต๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
This process is so effective that it cures over 80% of patients
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ
80% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
in just one treatment.
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04:03
Because each stool sample is unique,
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ด ๋…ํŠนํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:05
the FDA still classifies fecal transplants as an experimental treatment
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FDA๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ถ„๋ณ€ ์ด์‹์„ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
04:10
rather than a formal medication.
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์‹คํ—˜์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
But promising research in rodents suggests new ways
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ค์น˜๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์œ ๋งํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—
04:16
we might use fecal bacteriotherapy in the future.
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๋ถ„๋ณ€ ์„ธ๊ท ์š”๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
For example, fecal transplants from non-diabetic mice
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ฅ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ถ„๋ณ€ ์ด์‹์„ ํ•œ
04:24
improved insulin resistance in mice with type 2 diabetes.
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2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์ฅ๋Š” ์ธ์А๋ฆฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
Similarly, some studies have shown mice exhibiting anxiety and depression
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๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์šฐ์šธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ฅ๊ฐ€
04:34
become calmer after transplants from their less anxious peers.
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๋œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•œ ์ฅ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ด์‹์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๋‚œ ํ›„ ํ˜ธ์ „๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
Scientists studying humans have even started finding
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์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ„์žฅ๊ด€, ์ž๊ฐ€๋ฉด์—ญ, ์ข…์–‘ํ•™, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์žฅ์• ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ
04:41
different microbial patterns
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04:43
associated with various intestinal, autoimmune, oncologic,
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04:47
and even psychiatric disorders.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์  ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
So, it seems entirely possible that altering a patientโ€™s microbiome
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
04:54
could allow for multiple new modes of treatment.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด์ง€์š”.
04:58
We still have a lot to learn about what makes the โ€œbestโ€ gut microbiome,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด โ€œ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜โ€ ์žฅ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ์ง‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”์ง€
05:03
or the most beneficial fecal transplants.
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ์ตํ•œ ๋ถ„๋ณ€ ์ด์‹์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
But for now, at least we can say that our feces have a bright future.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋Š”, ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋Œ€๋ณ€์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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