What is Juneteenth, and why is it important? - Karlos K. Hill and Soraya Field Fiorio

385,959 views ・ 2023-02-02

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Ryu Jin Jeong κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:08
One day, while hiding in the kitchen,
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μ–΄λŠ λ‚  λΆ€μ—Œμ— μˆ¨μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€κ°€
00:11
Charlotte Brooks overheard a life-changing secret.
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샬둯 λΈŒλ£©μŠ€λŠ” μš°μ—°νžˆ 인생을 λ°”κΏ€ 비밀을 λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
At the age of 17, she’d been separated from her family
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 17μ‚΄ λ•Œ κ°€μ‘±κ³Ό λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ
00:18
and taken to William Neyland’s Texas Plantation.
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μœŒλ¦¬μ—„ λ‹ˆλžœλ“œμ˜ ν…μ‚¬μŠ€ 농μž₯으둜 λŒλ €κ°”λŠ”λ°
00:21
There, she was made to do housework at the violent whims of her enslavers.
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κ±°κΈ°μ„œ λ…Έμ˜ˆμ£Όλ“€μ˜ μ˜¨κ°– 변덕에 μ‹œλ‹¬λ¦¬λ©° μ§‘μ•ˆμΌμ„ ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν–ˆμ£ .
00:26
On that fateful day, she learned that slavery had recently been abolished,
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운λͺ…적인 κ·Έλ‚ , κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„κ°€ 졜근 νŽ˜μ§€λ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
but Neyland conspired to keep this a secret from those he enslaved.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‹ˆλžœλ“œλŠ” λ…Έμ˜ˆλ“€μ—κ²Œ 이λ₯Ό 숨기렀고 음λͺ¨λ₯Ό κΎΈλͺ„μ£ .
00:35
Hearing this, Brooks stepped out of her hiding spot, proclaimed her freedom,
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λΈŒλ£©μŠ€λŠ” 이 사싀을 λ“£μžλ§ˆμž μˆ¨μ€ κ³³μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ™€ 자유λ₯Ό μ„ μ–Έν–ˆκ³ ,
00:40
spread the news throughout the plantation, and ran.
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농μž₯ 전체에 이 μ†Œμ‹μ„ μ•Œλ¦¬κ³  λ„λ§μ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
That night, she returned for her daughter, Tempie.
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κ·Έλ‚  λ°€ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ”Έ ν…œν”Όλ₯Ό μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λŒμ•„μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
And before Neyland’s spiteful bullets could find them, they were gone for good.
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앙심을 ν’ˆμ€ λ‹ˆλžœλ“œκ°€ λ³΄λ³΅ν•˜κΈ° 전에 두 μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 영영 μ‚¬λΌμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
For more than two centuries,
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이백 λ…„ 이상 λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„λŠ” 미ꡭ이 될 λ‚˜λΌμ˜ νŠΉμ§•μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
slavery defined what would become the United Statesβ€”
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00:58
from its past as the 13 British colonies to its growth as an independent country.
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영ꡭ 식민지 13κ°œμ˜€λ˜ μ‹œμ ˆλΆ€ν„° 독립 κ΅­κ°€λ‘œ μ„±μž₯ν•˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 말이죠.
01:04
Slavery fueled its cotton industry and made it a leading economic power.
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λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œλŠ” 면직 산업을 μ΄‰μ§„ν–ˆκ³  미ꡭ에 선도적인 경제λ ₯을 μ£Όμ—ˆμ£ .
01:09
10 of the first 12 presidents enslaved people.
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초기 λŒ€ν†΅λ Ή 12λͺ… κ°€μš΄λ° 10λͺ…이 λ…Έμ˜ˆμ£Όμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
And when US chattel slavery finally ended,
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λ―Έκ΅­ λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„κ°€ λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ λλ‚˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€
01:15
it was a long and uneven process.
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κ·Έ 과정은 κΈΈκ³  ν‰νƒ„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
Enslaved people resisted from the beginningβ€”
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λ…Έμ˜ˆκ°€ 된 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ΄ˆκΈ°λΆ€ν„° μ €ν•­ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
by escaping, breaking tools, staging rebellions, and more.
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λ‹¬μ•„λ‚˜κ±°λ‚˜ 도ꡬλ₯Ό λΆ€μˆ˜κ±°λ‚˜ λ°˜λž€μ„ μΌμœΌν‚€κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμ£ .
01:26
During the American Revolution, Vermont and Massachusetts abolished slavery
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λ―Έκ΅­ 독립 혁λͺ…기에 버λͺ¬νŠΈμ£Όμ™€ λ©”μ‚¬μΆ”μ„ΈμΈ μ£ΌλŠ” λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œλ₯Ό νμ§€ν–ˆκ³ 
01:31
while several states took steps towards gradual abolition.
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λ°˜λ©΄μ— λͺ‡λͺ‡ 주듀은 점진적인 폐지λ₯Ό νƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
In 1808, federal law banned the import of enslaved African people,
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1808년에 연방법은 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œ λ…Έμ˜ˆ μˆ˜μž…μ„ κΈˆμ§€ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
01:39
but it allowed the slave trade to continue domestically.
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κ΅­λ‚΄μ˜ λ…Έμ˜ˆ λ§€λ§€λŠ” 계속 ν—ˆμš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
Approximately 4 million people were enslaved in the US
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μ—μ΄λΈŒλŸ¬ν–„ 링컨이 λŒ€ν†΅λ ΉμœΌλ‘œ μ„ μΆœλœ 1860년에
01:46
when Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860.
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ” μ•½ 4백만 λͺ…이 λ…Έμ˜ˆ μƒνƒœμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
Lincoln opposed slavery, and though he had no plans to outlaw it,
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링컨은 λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œλ₯Ό λ°˜λŒ€ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ 이λ₯Ό λΆˆλ²•ν™”ν•  κ³„νšμ€ μ—†μ—ˆλŠ”λ°,
01:53
his election caused panic in Southern states,
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남뢀 주듀은 그의 당선에 μœ„ν˜‘μ„ 느끼고
01:56
which began withdrawing from the Union.
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μ—°ν•©μ—μ„œ νƒˆν‡΄ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
they vowed to uphold slavery and formed the Confederacy,
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이듀은 λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œ 지지λ₯Ό κ²°μ˜ν•˜κ³  남뢀 연합을 κ²°μ„±ν–ˆλŠ”λ°,
02:02
triggering the start of the American Civil War.
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μ΄λŠ” 남뢁 μ „μŸμ˜ 도화선이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
A year into the conflict, Lincoln abolished slavery in Washington, D.C.,
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μ „μŸ 발발 1λ…„ λ§Œμ— 링컨은 μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄ D.C.μ—μ„œ λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œλ₯Ό νμ§€ν•˜κ³ 
02:10
legally freeing more than 3,000 people.
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3천 λͺ… μ΄μƒμ—κ²Œ λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ 자유λ₯Ό μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
And five months later, he announced the Emancipation Proclamation.
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그리고 5κ°œμ›” ν›„ λ…Έμ˜ˆν•΄λ°©λ Ήμ„ κ³΅ν¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
It promised freedom to the 3.5 million people enslaved in Confederate states.
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남뢀 μ—°ν•©μ˜ λ…Έμ˜ˆ 350만 λͺ…μ—κ²Œ 자유λ₯Ό μ•½μ†ν–ˆμ£ .
02:23
But it would only be fulfilled if the rebelling states didn’t rejoin the Union
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이에 λ°˜λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” 주듀이 1863λ…„ 1μ›” 1μΌκΉŒμ§€ 연합에
02:27
by January 1st, 1863.
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μž¬κ°€μž…ν•˜λ©΄ 효λ ₯이 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
And it bore no mention of the roughly 500,000 people in bondage
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λ˜ν•œ, μ—°ν•©μ—μ„œ νƒˆν‡΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 경계 μ§€λŒ€μ˜ μ£Όλ“€, 즉,
02:35
in the border states of Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri
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델라웨어, λ©”λ¦΄λžœλ“œ, μΌ„ν„°ν‚€, λ―Έμ£Όλ¦¬μ—μ„œ μ†λ°•λœ
μ•½ 50만 λͺ…에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„  μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ£ .
02:40
that hadn’t seceded.
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02:42
When the Confederacy refused to surrender,
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남ꡰ이 항볡을 κ±°λΆ€ν•˜μž
02:45
Union soldiers began announcing emancipation.
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연합ꡰ은 해방을 μ„ μ–Έν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
But many Southern areas remained under Confederate control,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ§Žμ€ 남뢀 지역듀이 남뢀 μ—°ν•©μ˜ ν†΅μ œ ν•˜μ— λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμ—ˆκΈ°μ—
02:51
making it impossible to actually implement abolition throughout the South.
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남뢀 μ „ μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œλ₯Ό νμ§€ν•˜λŠ” 것은 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
The war raged on for two more years, and on January 31st, 1865,
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μΉ˜μ—΄ν•œ μ „μŸμ΄ 2λ…„ 더 κ³„μ†λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
1865λ…„ 1μ›” 31일에 μˆ˜μ • ν—Œλ²• 제13μ‘°κ°€ 의회λ₯Ό ν†΅κ³Όν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
Congress passed the 13th Amendment.
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03:05
It promised to end slavery throughout the USβ€”
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범죄에 λŒ€ν•œ μ²˜λ²Œμ„ μ œμ™Έν•˜κ³  λ―Έκ΅­ μ „μ—­μ—μ„œ λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œλ₯Ό λλƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
except as punishment for a crime.
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03:10
But to go into effect, 27 states would have to ratify it first.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 법적 효λ ₯이 λ°œμƒν•˜λ €λ©΄ λ¨Όμ € 27개 주의 비쀀이 ν•„μš”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
Meanwhile, the Civil War virtually ended with the surrender
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κ·Έ 사이, 남뢁 μ „μŸμ€ 남뢀 μ—°ν•©μ˜ λ‘œλ²„νŠΈ E. 리 μž₯ꡰ의 ν•­λ³΅μœΌλ‘œ
03:18
of Confederate General Robert E. Lee on April 9th, 1865.
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1865λ…„ 4μ›” 9일에 사싀상 λλ‚˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
But although slavery was technically illegal in all Southern states,
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ν˜•μ‹μƒμœΌλ‘œ λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œλŠ” 남뢀 λͺ¨λ“  μ£Όμ—μ„œ λΆˆλ²•μ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜
03:27
it still persisted in the last bastions of the Confederacy.
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남뢀 μ—°ν•©μ˜ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ λ³΄λ£¨μ—μ„œλŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
There, enslavers like Neyland continued to evade abolition until forced.
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κ±°κΈ°μ„œλŠ” λ‹ˆλžœλ“œ 같은 λ…Έμ˜ˆμ£Όλ“€μ΄ μ–΄μ©” 수 없을 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ λ²„ν…Όλ˜ 것이죠.
03:37
This was also the case when Union General Gordon Granger marched his troops
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뢁ꡰ의 κ³ λ“  κ·Έλ ˆμΈμ € μž₯ꡰ이
6μ›” 19일에 κ΅°λŒ€λ₯Ό 이끌고 ν…μ‚¬μŠ€ κ°€λ²„μŠ€ν„΄μ— 도착해
03:41
into Galveston, Texas, on June 19th
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03:44
and announced that all enslaved people there were officially freeβ€”
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그곳의 λͺ¨λ“  λ…Έμ˜ˆλ“€μ΄ κ³΅μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ μžμœ μž„μ„ μ„ ν¬ν•˜κ³ 
03:47
and had been for more than two years.
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2λ…„μ—¬κ°€ μ§€λ‚œ 후에도 이런 κ²½μš°κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
Still, at this point, people remained legally enslaved in the border states.
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이 μ‹œμ μ—λ„ 남뢁 κ²½κ³„μ£Όμ—λŠ” λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ λ…Έμ˜ˆμΈ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 남아 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
It wasn’t until more than five months later, on December 6th, 1865,
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5κ°œμ›” 이상이 μ§€λ‚œ 1865λ…„ 12μ›” 6일에야
04:02
that the 13th Amendment was finally ratified.
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μˆ˜μ • ν—Œλ²• 제13μ‘°κ°€ μ΅œμ’…μ μœΌλ‘œ λΉ„μ€€λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
This formally ended chattel slavery in the US.
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이둜써 λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„λŠ” κ³΅μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ λλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
Because official emancipation was a staggered process,
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곡식적인 해방에 이λ₯΄λŠ” 과정에 μ—‡κ°ˆλ¦Όμ΄ μžˆμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
04:13
people in different places commemorated it on different dates.
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μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 곳에 μ‚¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 날에 이λ₯Ό κΈ°λ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
Those in Galveston, Texas, began celebrating β€œJuneteenth”—
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ν…μ‚¬μŠ€μ£Ό κ°€λ²„μŠ€ν„΄μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ β€˜μ€€ν‹΄μŠ€ 데이’λ₯Ό κΈ°λ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
a combination of β€œJune” and β€œnineteenth”—
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β€³6μ›” 19일′을 ν•©μΉœ 말인데,
04:23
on the very first anniversary of General Granger’s announcement.
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κ·Έλ ˆμΈμ € μž₯ꡰ이 λ…Έμ˜ˆ 해방을 μ„ ν¬ν•œ 지 1년이 λ˜λŠ” λ‚ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
Over time, smaller Juneteenth gatherings gave way to large parades.
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μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨μ˜€λ˜ μ€€ν‹΄μŠ€ μ§‘νšŒλŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜ λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ 가두 행진이 λ˜μ—ˆκ³ ,
04:32
And the tradition eventually became
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이 전톡은 κ²°κ΅­ κ°€μž₯ 널리 퍼진 λ…Έμ˜ˆ ν•΄λ°© 기념 행사가 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
the most widespread of emancipation celebrations.
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04:37
But, while chattel slavery had officially ended,
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그런데 λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œκ°€ κ³΅μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ λλ‚¬μ§€λ§Œ
04:40
racial inequality, oppression, and terror had not.
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인쒅 차별, μ–΅μ••, ν…ŒλŸ¬λŠ” λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
Celebrating emancipation was itself an act of continued resistance.
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λ…Έμ˜ˆ 해방을 κΈ°λ…ν•˜λŠ” 것은 κ·Έ μžμ²΄κ°€ 지속적인 저항을 μ˜λ―Έν–ˆκ³ ,
04:49
And it wasn't until 2021 that Juneteenth became a federal holiday.
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2021년에야 μ€€ν‹΄μŠ€ λ°μ΄λŠ” μ—°λ°© 곡휴일둜 μ§€μ •λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
Today, Juneteenth holds profound significance as a celebration
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ€€ν‹΄μŠ€ λ°μ΄λŠ” μ€‘λŒ€ν•œ μ˜μ˜κ°€ μžˆλŠ” κΈ°λ…μΌλ‘œμ„œ
04:59
of the demise of slavery, the righteous pursuit of true freedom for all,
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λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œμ˜ μ†Œλ©Έ, λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 참된 자유λ₯Ό ν–₯ν•œ μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ 좔ꡬ,
05:03
and a continued pledge to remember the past and dream the future.
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κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜κ³  미래λ₯Ό 꿈꾸기 μœ„ν•΄ μ§€μ†λ˜λŠ” 약속을 κΈ°λ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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