These squids can fly... no, really - Robert Siddall

1,818,986 views ใƒป 2021-01-11

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Taegyeong Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:06
In the spring of 1947, six Scandinavian explorers noticed a strange phenomenon
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1947๋…„ ๋ด„, ์Šค์นธ๋””๋‚˜๋น„์•„์˜ ํƒํ—˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ช…์ด
ํƒœํ‰์–‘์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
while crossing the Pacific Ocean.
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00:15
Somehow, small squid known to live deep beneath the waves
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์›ฌ์ผ์ธ์ง€, ๊นŠ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์˜ค์ง•์–ด๋“ค์ด
00:20
kept appearing on the roof of their boat.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฐ ์ง€๋ถ• ์œ„์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์„ ์›๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋‘ฅ์ ˆํ•˜๋˜ ์ค‘์—
00:23
The crew was mystifiedโ€”
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00:25
until they saw the squids soaring above the sea for roughly 50 meters.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋žต 50๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์†Ÿ๊ตฌ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ค์ง•์–ด๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
On land, people could barely believe the explorers.
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์œก์ง€์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํƒํ—˜๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
It seemed impossible that sea creatures without wings or bones could fly at all,
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๋‚ ๊ฐœ์™€ ๋ผˆ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ๋ณด์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
00:40
let alone travel half the length of a football field.
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์ถ•๊ตฌ์žฅ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ‘์–ด๋‘๊ณ ์š”.
00:44
But over the next several decades, more reports began to surface.
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์ดํ›„ ๋ช‡์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
Sailors described airborne squid keeping pace with motor boats.
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์„ ์›๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค์ง•์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ชจํ„ฐ ๋ณดํŠธ์™€ ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:53
Researchers reported captive squid escaping their tanks overnight.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์กฐ์— ์žก์•„๋†“์€ ์˜ค์ง•์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐค์ƒˆ ํƒˆ์ถœํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
And as cameras became widespread, seafarers finally began capturing proof
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์ดํ›„ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
์„ ์›๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด ๋‘์กฑ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์žก๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
of these high-flying cephalopods.
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01:07
But how and why do these marine creatures take to the sky?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ํ•ด์–‘์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์™œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”?
01:12
While only a few squid species have been recorded taking flight,
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์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ค์ง•์–ด ์ข…๋งŒ์ด ๋‚ ์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:17
most squid are alike in the way they traverse the ocean.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์˜ค์ง•์–ด๋“ค์˜ ์œ ์˜๋ฒ•์€ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
The outside of a squidโ€™s body is a massive tube of muscle called the mantle.
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์˜ค์ง•์–ด ๋ชธ์ฒด๋Š” ๊ทผ์œก์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ํฐ ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ์™ธํˆฌ๋ง‰์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
Water enters that tube through small openings around the squidโ€™s head.
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์˜ค์ง•์–ด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๋ฌผ์ด ๊ทธ ํ†ต์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
Then, muscles clamp these openings shut,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ทผ์œก์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ 
01:34
and the squid forcefully pumps the water through the base of their body.
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๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ๋ฌผ์„ ์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
In practice, this makes the mantle a miniature jetpack,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์˜ค์ง•์–ด์˜ ์™ธํˆฌ๋ง‰์„ ์ž‘์€ ์ œํŠธํŒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:43
propelling squid through the water at 10 kilometers per hour.
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๋ฌผ์†์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‹น 10km๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋Š” ์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
This process is also how squid breathe.
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์˜ค์ง•์–ด์˜ ํ˜ธํก๋„ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
Squid gills rest inside the mantle,
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์˜ค์ง•์–ด ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฏธ๋Š” ์™ธํˆฌ๋ง‰ ์•ˆ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
01:54
and siphon oxygen from the water being pushed past them.
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์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฌผ ์†์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
With gills full of air and a mantle full of water,
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์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋“ ๋จธ๊ธˆ์€ ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฏธ์™€ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฑ„์šด ์™ธํˆฌ๋ง‰์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
02:01
squid can outpace predators and pursue their prey.
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์˜ค์ง•์–ด๋Š” ํฌ์‹์ž๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋จน์ž‡๊ฐ์„ ์ซ“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
Or, in the case of some species, they can smash through the oceanโ€™s surface,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์–‘์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ๋šซ๊ณ 
02:10
and attempt an epic flight.
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋น„ํ–‰์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:13
Without the resistance of water,
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๋ฌผ์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๋Š” ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ๋ฐ,
02:15
a squidโ€™s acceleration is the same as a car going
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์ •์ง€์—์„œ ์‹œ์† 100km๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹จ 1์ดˆ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๋œฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
from zero to 100 kilometers per hour in just over a second.
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02:24
At speeds of 40 kilometers per hour, squid quickly generate aerodynamic lift.
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์‹œ์† 40km์—์„œ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์–‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
But to stay in the air theyโ€™ll need something like wings.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฐฝ๊ณต์— ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‚ ๊ฐœ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
Fortunately, our soaring cephalopod has a plan.
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์†Ÿ์•„์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‘์กฑ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
Squid tentacles are "muscular hydrostats," meaning the tissue can be held firm
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์˜ค์ง•์–ด ์ด‰์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ทผ์œก์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ๋‚ ๊ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทผ์œก์ด ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋‹จ๋‹จํžˆ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:43
by muscle tension.
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02:45
Splaying its tentacles in a rigid formation,
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์ด‰์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฒŒ๋ ค์„œ
02:49
the squid transforms them into flexible wing-like structures
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์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ๋‚ ๊ฐœ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
that stabilise its flight.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•ˆ์ •๋œ ๋น„ํ–‰์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
At the opposite end of its body, two fins typically used for gentle swimming
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์ด‰์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ์ง€๋Š๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
03:00
find new purpose as a second set of wings.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‚ ๊ฐœ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
And by folding these fins down,
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์ด ์ง€๋Š๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘์œผ๋ฉด
03:06
a squid can streamline itself and dip back into the ocean.
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๋ชธ์„ ์œ ์„ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
There have been too few observations
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๊ด€์ฐฐ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ ์–ด์„œ
03:13
to establish what a squidโ€™s typical flight trajectory looks like.
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์˜ค์ง•์–ด์˜ ๋น„ํ–‰ ๊ถค์ ์ด ์–ด๋–ค์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
Based on their flying speed, a 10 centimeter squid
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๋น„ํ–‰ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ธธ์ด 10cm์˜ ์˜ค์ง•์–ด๊ฐ€
03:20
could hypothetically launch itself six meters above the water.
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์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ์œ„๋กœ 6m๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ์†Ÿ์•„์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
But from what scientists have seen, flying squid tend to glide low,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
์˜ค์ง•์–ด๋“ค์€ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ํ™œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋ถ™์–ด ๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
keeping close to the surface.
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03:32
This trajectory allows squid to cover the most horizontal distance possible
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์ด ๊ถค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค์ง•์–ด๋Š” ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ช‡ ์ดˆ์˜ ๋น„ํ–‰ ๋™์•ˆ
03:37
over a typical several second flight.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธด ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ์ด๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
It also makes it easy to dive back into the water for more fuelโ€”
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:44
or to make a quick escape from predatory birds.
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ํฌ์‹์ž์ธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋„๋ง์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
But why do squids fly at all?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์˜ค์ง•์–ด๋Š” ์™œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
03:51
Leading theories suggest that flight is an escape behaviour,
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์œ ๋ ฅํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์€ ํฌ์‹์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„๋ง๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
as flying squid generally seem to be fleeing a nearby predator or ship.
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๋ณดํ†ต ํฌ์‹์ž๋‚˜ ์„ ๋ฐ• ์ฃผ์œ„์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค์ง•์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:00
Other researchers think their flight
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•„๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค์ง•์–ด์˜ ์ด๋™ ์ „๋žต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
may be an energy-saving migration strategy,
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04:05
because it takes less energy to move quickly through the air
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๊ณต์ค‘์—์„œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌผ์†์„ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํž˜์ด ๋œ ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
04:08
than through water.
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04:10
However, itโ€™s also possible that learning to fly
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๋˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์˜ค์ง•์–ด์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
04:13
may be a vital part of surviving adolescence.
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๋น„ํ–‰์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์ƒ์กด์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
Young, smaller squid can potentially fly faster and farther
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์ž‘๊ณ  ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์˜ค์ง•์–ด๋Š”
์„ฑ์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
than their larger relatives.
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04:25
And since adult squid tend to cannibalize juveniles,
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์„ฑ์ฒด ์˜ค์ง•์–ด๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋™์กฑ์„ ์žก์•„๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
ํŒŒ๋„ ์œ„๋กœ ์น˜์†Ÿ์•„ ๋„๋ง์นœ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์˜ค์ง•์–ด๋“ค์ด
04:29
soaring above the surf can help ensure these young squid
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04:33
will live to fly another day.
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๋‚ด์ผ๋„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์†Ÿ์•„์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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